Tipas

Short description: Mountain in Argentina

This page is about the volcano. For the geologist, see Walther Penck.

Walther Penck

Tipas or Cazadero Grande

Cazadero (or Tipas) from the east

Highest point
Elevation| 6,670 m (21,880 ft) [1][2]
Prominence| 651 metres (2,136 ft)
Parent peak| Ojos del Salado
Coordinates|  [ ⚑ ] : 27°11′45.96″S 068°33′38.88″W﻿ / ﻿27.1961°S 68.5608°W﻿ / -27.1961; -68.5608
Geography

Walther Penck

Argentina

Parent range| Puna de Atacama, Andes
Geology
Age of rock| Holocene
Mountain type| Complex volcano
Last eruption| Unknown
Climbing
First ascent| 14/12/1970 - Sergio Kunstmann, Pedro Rosende (Chile) and Takaya Takeshita (Japan)
Easiest route| Hike, east side from El Arenal

Cerro Walther Penck (also known as Cerro Cazadero or Cerro Tipas) is a massive complex volcano in the Andes, located in northwestern Argentina, Catamarca Province, Tinogasta Department, at the Puna de Atacama. It is just southwest of Ojos del Salado, the highest volcano in the world. Walther Penck itself is perhaps the third highest active volcano in the world.

## Contents

* 1 Vulcanism
* 2 Elevation
* 3 See also
* 4 External links
* 5 References

## Vulcanism

View of the main summit from central summit plateau

The complex covers a surface area of 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi), it consists of stratovolcanoes, lava domes, and lava flows. There are reports of fumarolic activity, and de Silva and Francis (1991) considered that the volcano was last active in the Holocene.[1] Crater lakes with a smell of sulfur were reported in 2013.[3] The Tipas-Cerro Bayo complex was active 2.9-1.2 million years ago with dacites and rhyolites. Magma composition is typical for Andean stratovolcanoes. Tomographic studies of the underlying crust indicate a pattern of seismic attenuation beneath Tipas.[4]

## Elevation

It has an official height of 6658 meters,[5] however, based on the elevation provided by the available Digital elevation models, SRTM (6663m[6]), ASTER (6627m[7]), SRTM filled with ASTER (6663m[7]), TanDEM-X(6699m[8]), and also a handheld GPS survey by Maximo Kausch on 04/2013 (6688 meters),[9] Walther Penck is about 6670 meters above sea level.[9][2]

The height of the nearest key col is 6019 meters.[9] so its prominence is 651 meters. Walther Penck is listed as mountain, based on the Dominance system [10] and its dominance is 9.76%. Its parent peak is Ojos del Salado and the Topographic isolation is 9.8 kilometers.[2] This information was obtained during a research by Suzanne Imber in 2014.[11]

## See also

* List of volcanoes in Argentina

## External links

* Elevation information about Walther Penck
* Weather Forecast at Walther Penck
* Information about Cazadero

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Perucca, Laura P.; Moreiras, Stella M. (2009). "Seismic and Volcanic Hazards in Argentina". Developments in Earth Surface Processes 13: 267–300. doi:10.1016/S0928-2025(08)10014-1. ISBN 9780444531179.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Walther Penck / Tipas / Cazadero Grande" (in en). http://www.andes-specialists.com/walther-penck-tipas-cazadero-grande-6670.
3. ↑ Scanu, Marcelo (2013). "Argentine Andes 2012-13". The Alpine Journal: 311. https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_2013_files/AJ 2013 309-312 Argentina Notes.pdf. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
4. ↑ Kay, S. M.; Mpodozis, C.; Gardeweg, M. (7 August 2013). "Magma sources and tectonic setting of Central Andean andesites (25.5-28 S) related to crustal thickening, forearc subduction erosion and delamination". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 385 (1): 303–334. doi:10.1144/SP385.11.
5. ↑ "IGN Argentina". 14 April 2020. https://www.ign.gob.ar/. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
6. ↑ USGS, EROS Archive. "USGS EROS Archive - Digital Elevation - SRTM Coverage Maps". https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-srtm-coverage-maps?qt-science_center_objects=4#qt-science_center_objects. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "ASTER GDEM Project". https://ssl.jspacesystems.or.jp/ersdac/GDEM/E/.
8. ↑ TanDEM-X, TerraSAR-X. "Copernicus Space Component Data Access". https://spacedata.copernicus.eu/web/cscda/missions/tandem-x. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Andean Mountains - All above 5000m" (in en). http://www.andes-specialists.com/andean-mountains-5000/.
10. ↑ "Dominance - Page 2". https://www.8000ers.com/cms/en/dominance-mainmenu-178.html?start=1.
11. ↑ ap. "Academic and adventurer describes the incredible task of climbing and cataloguing one of the most remote regions of the South American Andes mountains — University of Leicester" (in en). https://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/press-releases/2016/october/academic-and-adventurer-describes-the-incredible-task-of-climbing-and-cataloguing-one-of-the-most-remote-regions-of-the-south-american-andes-mountains.

* "Tipas". Smithsonian Institution. https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=355220.
* Biggar, John (2020). The Andes: A Guide for Climbers and Skiers (5th ed.). Andes Publishing (Scotland). ISBN 978-0-9536087-6-8. http://www.andes.org.uk/.

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