Traditional lighting equipment of Japan

Short description: None

Japanese Lantern Makers, photo by T. Enami

The traditional lighting equipment of Japan includes the andon (行灯), the bonbori (雪洞), the chōchin (提灯), and the tōrō (灯篭).

## Contents

* 1 Andon
* 2 Bonbori
* 3 Chōchin
* 4 Tōrō
* 4.1 Bronze tōrō
* 4.2 Stone tōrō
* 4.3 Wooden tōrō
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Andon

See also: Finance:Andon (manufacturing)

The andon is a lamp consisting of paper stretched over a frame of bamboo, wood or metal.[1] The paper protected the flame from the wind. Burning oil in a stone, metal, or ceramic holder, with a wick of cotton or pith, provided the light. They were usually open on the top and bottom, with one side that could be lifted to provide access.[2] Rapeseed oil was popular. Candles were also used, but their higher price made them less popular. A lower-priced alternative was sardine oil.

The andon became popular in the Edo period (1603–1867).[1] Early on, the andon was handheld; it could also be placed on a stand or hung on a wall.[3] The okiandon was most common indoors. Many had a vertical box shape with an inner stand for the light. Some had a drawer on the bottom to facilitate refilling and lighting. A handle on top made it portable. A variety was the Enshū andon. One explanation attributes it to Kobori Enshu, who lived in the late Azuchi-Momoyama period and early Edo period. Tubular in shape, it had an opening instead of a drawer.[4] Another variety was the Ariake andon, a bedside lamp. The kakeandon under the eaves of a shop, often bearing the name of the merchant, was a common sight in the towns.

The expression hiru andon, or "daytime lamp," meant someone or something that seemed to serve no purpose.[5] In dramatizations of the story of the forty-seven ronin, Oishi Yoshio is often given this description.

* Ukiyo-e print showing an andon being carried indoors

* An andon standing outdoors with one side open

* Andons hung in Mishima, Shizuoka

* Example of a cylindrical andon at the Hanatouro Festival in Arashiyama, Kyoto

* The Aoandon lit. blue andon of Japanese folklore.

## Bonbori

The bonbori (雪洞 (ぼんぼり)) is a kind of Japanese paper lamp used in the open during festivals. It normally has an hexagonal profile and a rather wide, open top.[6] It can either hang from a wire or stand on a pole. Famous is the Bonbori Festival (ぼんぼり祭り, Bonbori Matsuri), held annually at Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū in Kamakura, Kanagawa. Artists paint on the about 400 bonbori erected for the occasion on the shrine's grounds.[7]

* Bonbori lining the Sandō at a Bonbori Festival

* Yōkōkan Teien (養浩館庭園) in Fukui

* Kangetsu-kai (観月会) at Ise Jingū

* Kake-bonbori (懸雪洞) at the Mitama Matsuri festival at Yasukuni Jinja

## Chōchin

"Chōchin" redirects here. For the 1987 film, see Chōchin (film).

A relative of the Chinese paper lantern, the chōchin has a frame of split bamboo wound in a spiral. Paper or silk protect the flame from wind. The spiral structure permits it to be collapsed into the basket at the bottom.[8] The chōchin is used outdoors, either carried or hung outside the house.[1] In present-day Japan, plastic chōchin with electric bulbs are produced as novelties, souvenirs, and for matsuri and events.[9] The earliest record of a chōchin dates to 1085,[8] and one appears in a 1536 illustration.

The akachōchin, or red lantern, marks an izakaya.[10] In Japanese folklore, the chochin appears as a yōkai, the chōchin-obake.[11]

Gifu is known for its Gifu lanterns, a kind of chōchin made from mino washi.[12]

* Chōchin at Minatogawa Shrine in Kōbe

* White chōchin decorated with tomoe

* Oversized chōchin at the Kaminarimon in Sensō-ji

* Akachōchin lantern outside an izakaya

* Ukiyo-e print by Utagawa Kuniyoshi showing a chōchin decorated with a landscape

* Yata-dera (矢田寺) Temple in Kyōto

* Gifu chōchin

* Massive chōchin at Isshiki Manabi no Yakata museum

## Tōrō

Originally used in the broad sense to mean any lantern, the term tōrō came to refer to a lamp of stone, bronze, iron, wood, or another heavy material. These illuminate the grounds of Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines, Japanese gardens, and other places that include tradition in their decor.[1] The earlier use of oil and candles has in the modern day been replaced by electric bulbs.

### Bronze tōrō

* Bronze and stone lanterns in Chi Lin Nunnery, Hongkong

* Bronze lantern at Hōryū-ji

* 8th century bronze lantern at Tōdai-ji (National Treasure)

* Bronze lantern at Itsukushima Shrine

### Stone tōrō

Main article: Engineering:Stone lantern

* Stone lantern in Taiwan

* Water lantern in Zhejiang Province

* Tachi-dōrō of the kasuga-dōrō type

* Three legged yukimi-dōrō. One leg rests on ground, two in water.

### Wooden tōrō

* Wooden tōrō (黒木灯籠)

* Wooden tōrō placed between stone tōrō at Fukutokuinari shrine

## See also

* Physalis alkekengi, the lantern plant
* Water lantern
* Gandō

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "tourou 灯籠". https://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/t/tourou.htm. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
2. ↑ Morse, Edward S. (1885). Japanese Homes and their Surroundings. Charles E. Tuttle Company. p. 221-222. ISBN 0-8048-0998-4. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/52868/52868-h/52868-h.html.
3. ↑ Yagi, Koji (1992). A Japanese Touch for Your Home. Kodansha International. p. 71. ISBN 9784770016621. https://books.google.com/books?id=YCK8c3E7LK4C&dq=Andon+Koji+Yagi&pg=PA71.
4. ↑ Kerr, Alex (5 July 2018). Another Kyoto. Penguin Books. ISBN 9780141988344. https://books.google.com/books?id=ml5PDwAAQBAJ&dq="Enshū+andon"&pg=PT56.
5. ↑ De Mente, Boyé Lafayette. Japan's Cultural Code Words. Tuttle Publishing. p. 96-97.
6. ↑ Iwanami Kōjien (広辞苑) Japanese dictionary, 6th Edition (2008), DVD version
7. ↑ "Bonbori Matsuri". http://www.buddhist-artwork.com/bonbori-festival/html/bonbori.html. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Joya, Mock (2017). Japan and Things Japanese. Routledge. p. 8, 36-37.
9. ↑ "What are Chochin lanterns". Japan Talk. https://www.japan-talk.com/jt/new/chochin.
10. ↑ Bunting, Chris (2014). Drinking Japan: A Guide to Japan's Best Drinks and Drinking Establishments. Tuttle Publishing. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-4629-0627-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZUdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA20.
11. ↑ Bush, Lawrence (2001). Asian horror encyclopedia: Asian horror culture in literature, manga and folklore. Writers Club Press.. p. 109.
12. ↑ Gifu Paper Lanterns. Japan National Tourist Organization. Accessed April 30, 2008.

## External links

* Japanese Gardening, Lanterns. Accessed on February 2, 2010

* v
* t
* e

Shinto shrines

Shinto architecture

| Buildings|

* chōzuya or temizuya
* haiden
* heiden
* hokora
* honden / shinden / shōden
* kagura-den
* massha
* sessha

|

Architectonic elements|

* Chinjusha
* chigi
* hidden roof
* kaerumata: see nakazonae
* kairō
* karahafu
* karamon
* katōmado
* katsuogi
* ken
* kentozuka: see nakazonae
* kitsune (fox)
* komainu
* mon
* nakazonae
* sandō
* shinboku
* shōrō
* sōrin
* tamagaki
* tokyō
* torii
* tōrō

Styles|

* hirairi-zukuri
* tsumairi-zukuri
* hachiman-zukuri
* hiyoshi-zukuri
* irimoya-zukuri
* ishi-no-ma-zukuri
* kasuga-zukuri
* kibitsu-zukuri
* misedana-zukuri
* nagare-zukuri
* ōtori-zukuri
* owari-zukuri
* ryōnagare-zukuri
* shinmei-zukuri
* sumiyoshi-zukuri
* taisha-zukuri

Others

| Implements|

* An
* Azusa Yumi
* Chihaya
* Chōzubachi
* Chōzuya
* Ema plaque
* Engimono
* Gohei
* Haiden
* Hama Yumi
* Hakama
* Hana
* Heiji
* Himorogi
* Hokora
* Jōe
* Kadomatsu
* Kagome crest
* Kagura suzu
* Kairō
* Kamidana
* Komainu
* Kunkō
* Kusanagi
* Magatama
* Mikoshi
* Mizutama
* Ō-fuda
* O-kome
* Ō-mamori
* O-miki
* Ō-mikuji
* Ō-nenju
* Ō-nusa
* O-shio
* Ozen
* Saisen
* Sakaki branch
* Sanbo
* Sandō
* Setsumatsusha
* Shaku
* Shide
* Shimenawa
* Shinboku
* Shintai
* Shinzo
* Shuin
* Somin Shorai
* Suzu
* Takarabune
* Tamagaki
* Tamagushi
* Tamaya
* Tomoe
* Tōrō
* Washi
* Yasakani no Magatama
* Yata no Kagami
* Yorishiro

|

Main kami|

* Aizen Myō'ō
* Ajisukitakahikone
* Amanozako
* Amaterasu
* Ame-no-Tajikarao
* Ame-no-Uzume
* Amatsumikaboshi
* Azumi-no-isora
* Benzaiten
* Bishamon
* Daikokuten
* Dōsojin
* Ebisu
* Enma-O
* Fūjin
* Fukurokuju
* Futsunushi
* Hachiman
* Hachimantarō
* Hakudo Maru
* Hoderi
* Hoori
* Hotei
* Inari Ōkami
* Izanagi
* Izanami
* Jurōjin
* Kagu-tsuchi
* Kaguya-hime
* Kisshōten
* Konohanasakuya-hime
* Kōjin
* Kompira
* Konjin
* Kuebiko
* Kukurihime
* Kunado-No-Kami
* Kushinadahime
* Myōjin
* Myōken
* Nakisawame
* Ninigi-no-Mikoto
* Ōkuninushi
* Omoikane
* Ōyamatsumi
* Raijin
* Ryūjin
* Sarutahiko Ōkami
* Shinatsuhiko
* Shinigami
* Suijin
* Susanoo
* Sumiyoshi sanjin
* Ta-no-Kami
* Tamayori-hime
* Takemikazuchi
* Taira no Masakado
* Tenjin
* Toshigami
* Toyotama-hime
* Toyouke-Ōmikami
* Tsukuyomi
* Ugajin
* Ugayafukiaezu
* Uke Mochi
* Watatsumi
* Yama
* Yama-no-Kami

Staff|

* Kannushi
* Miko

Head shrines1|

* Fushimi Inari Taisha
* Usa Hachiman-gū
* Ise Grand Shrine
* Dazaifu Tenman-gū
* Munakata Taisha
* Suwa Taisha
* Hiyoshi Taisha
* Kumano Nachi Taisha
* Tsushima Shrine
* Yasaka Shrine

Miscellaneous|

* A-un
* Glossary of Shinto
* Bunrei
* Futomani
* Harae
* Kagura
* Kanjō
* Kodoku
* Kōshin
* Ko-Shintō
* Kotodama
* Kanjo Nawa
* Junrei
* Meoto Iwa
* Misaki
* Misogi
* Mitama
* Miyamairi
* Norito
* Onmyōdō
* Reikon
* Somin Shorai
* Yakudoshi
* Shinto shrine
* jingū-ji
* Jinja Honchō
* miyadera

1 (in order of the size of the shrine network they head)

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