Wanganui Basin

Short description: Geological area of the North Island of New Zealand

Cliff at Kai Iwi Beach

The Wanganui Basin (also spelled Whanganui Basin) is an onshore-offshore basin on the North Island of New Zealand. The basin provides an important stratigraphic and palaeontological record of the late Neogene marine environment of New Zealand.[1][2][3]

## Contents

* 1 Location and setting
* 2 Geology
* 2.1 Stratigraphy
* 2.2 Key sites
* 3 Palaeontology
* 4 See also
* 5 References

## Location and setting

The Wanganui Basin is located on the west coast of the North Island of New Zealand, within the Manawatū-Whanganui and Taranaki regions. The basin is roughly oval, with the longer (approximately 180 kilometres (110 mi)) axis running west-south-west/east-north-east, and has a width of approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi). A little under half of the basin is onshore, extending inland around the lower reaches of the Whanganui and Rangitikei Rivers before terminating at the foot of the North Island Volcanic Plateau. The southern half of the basin extends into the South Taranaki Bight. The major population centre within the basin is along the coast, around the city of Whanganui.

## Geology

### Stratigraphy

Main article: Earth:New Zealand geologic time scale

The Wanganui Basin is "one of the most complete late Neogene marine stratigraphic records in the world,"[1] and is an important region for geological and palaeontological research.[2][3]

The basin provides the basis for the eponymous Wanganui epoch in the New Zealand geologic time scale, which covers the Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene over the last 5.33 million years.[1][4] The series was first described in depth and compared to glacial cycles by Charles Fleming,[3][5] which has had a lasting impact upon subsequent stratigraphic, palaeontological and palaeoecological research.[2] Each stage within the Wanganui epoch is named after regions of the Wanganui Basin series.[4]

### Key sites

Kai Iwi Beach

* Castlecliff
* Nukumaru

## Palaeontology

Sediments within the basin are rich with shallow marine invertebrate fossils, including molluscs[5] and bryozoans.[6] The most common fossilized molluscan shells belong to the bivalve genera Dosinia and Chlamys and the gastropod genera Zethalia and Murex.[3] Shells of Aeneator, Buccinulum, Penion, Alcithoe, and Amalda marine snails are also frequent.[5]

## See also

* Geology of Taranaki
* New Zealand geologic timescale
* Stratigraphy of New Zealand

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Carter, Robert M.; Naish, Tim R. (1998). "A review of Wanganui Basin, New Zealand: global reference section for shallow marine, Plio–Pleistocene (2.5–0 Ma) cyclostratigraphy". Sedimentary Geology 122 (1–4): 37–52. doi:10.1016/S0037-0738(98)00097-9. Bibcode: 1998SedG..122...37C.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Crampton, James S. M.; Cooper, Roger A. (2010). "The state of paleontology in New Zealand". Palaeontologia Electronica 13 (1). ISSN 1094-8074. https://palaeo-electronica.org/2010_2/commentary/zealand.htm.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Dr Alan Beu". 18 May 2011. https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1491-dr-alan-beu.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Beu, Alan G. (2001). "Local stages to be used for the Wanganui Series (Pliocene-Pleistocene), and their means of definition". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 44 (1): 113–125. doi:10.1080/00288306.2001.9514928.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Beu, Alan G.; Maxwell, P.A. (1990). Cenozoic Mollusca of New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Bulletin. 58. Lower Hutt, New Zealand: New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. https://www.gns.cri.nz/gns/Home/Our-Science/Land-and-Marine-Geoscience/Paleontology/Online-Resources/Cenozoic-Mollusca-of-New-Zealand. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
6. ↑ Rust, S.; Gordon, D. (2011). "Plio-Pleistocene Bryozoan faunas of the Wanganui Basin, New Zealand: stratigraphic distribution and diversity". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 54 (2): 151–165. doi:10.1080/00288306.2010.514928.

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Oceanic features of Zealandia

Major divisions|

* Western Province (North Zealandia)
* Eastern Province (South Zealandia)

Plateaux, ridges, and rises|

* Bellona Plateau
* Bounty Platform
* Campbell Plateau
* Challenger Plateau
* Chatham Rise
* Chesterfield Plateau
* Colville-Lau Ridge
* Dampier Ridge
* Fairway Ridge
* Kenn Plateau
* Lord Howe Plateau
* Loyalty Ridge
* Mellish Rise
* Norfolk Ridge
* Northland Plateau
* Puysegur Ridge
* Resolution Ridge
* Three Kings Ridge
* West Norfolk Ridge

Troughs and trenches|

* Bellona Gap
* Bellona Trough
* Bounty Trough
* Havre Trough
* Hikurangi Trench
* New Caledonia Trough
* Puysegur Trench

Oceanic basins|

* Bellona Basin
* Campbell Basin
* Canterbury Basin
* Capel Basin
* Cato Basin
* Chatham Slope
* Dampier Basin
* Deepwater Taranaki Basin
* East Coast Basin
* Emerald Basin
* Fairway Basin
* Faust Basin
* Gower Basin
* Great South Basin
* Middleton Basin
* Monowai Basin
* Moore Basin
* New Caledonia Basin
* Norfolk Basin
* Northeast Slope
* Northland Basin
* Outer Campbell Basin
* Pegasus Basin
* Pukaki Basin
* Raukumara Basin
* Reinga Basin
* South Fiji Basin
* South Loyalty Basin
* Taranaki Basin
* Wanganui Basin
* West Coast Basin

Seamounts|

* Banc Capel
* Capel Guyot
* Clark Seamount
* Flinder's Seamount
* Gifford Guyot
* Graveyard Seamounts
* Havre Seamount
* Lord Howe Seamount Chain
* Rumble III Seamount
* Rumble IV Seamount
* Rumble V Seamount
* South Kermadec Ridge Seamounts
* Tangaroa Seamount
* Tasmantid Seamount Chain

Other|

* Alpine Fault
* Hikurangi Margin
* Kermadec Plate
* Maari oil field
* Maui gas field
* Pohokura field

[ ⚑ ]  40°0′S 174°45′E﻿ / ﻿40°S 174.75°E﻿ / -40; 174.75

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