Blast wall

Short description: Barrier for protection from an explosion

U.S. and Afghan soldiers standing behind a blast wall made from HESCO bastions in Afghanistan in 2012

A blast wall is a barrier designed to protect vulnerable buildings or other structures and the people inside them from the effects of a nearby explosion, whether caused by industrial accident, military action, or terrorism.

## Contents

* 1 Effectiveness
* 2 Types
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Effectiveness

Research by Cranfield University Defence Academy, building on earlier work, has shown that blast walls have the following properties:

* A non-deforming upright wall will significantly reduce the peak blast overpressure and impulse in an area between 4 and 6 wall heights behind it
* Similar protection occurs at greater distances behind the wall, but to a diminishing extent
* Blast walls perform best if the explosion is relatively close to the front of the wall[1]
* "Canopied" walls (with a top section overhanging the front face) show some improved blast protection over plane walls
* A 90-degree canopy is more effective than a 45-degree one[2]
* Walls containing sand or water work well, and cause little damage if they fail
* A wall has to stay intact long enough to "interact" with the blast in order to have any effect[3]

## Types

Damage to Bremer wall concrete barriers in Afghanistan, 2012

Permanent blast walls can be made from pre-cast reinforced concrete,[4] or steel sheeting.[5] Various types of moveable blast wall have been manufactured. These include the Bremer wall concrete barriers used in Iraq and Afghanistan by US Armed Forces, and the Concertainers, wire mesh containers filled with sand or soil, which are used by British Armed Forces.

## See also

* Blast shelter
* Shockwave
* Revetment (aircraft)

## References

1. ↑ Smith, Peter. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BLAST WALLS". Department of Civil Engineering, University of Thessaly. http://www.civ.uth.gr/cost-c26/documents/6th meeting_Timisoara/presentations/WG3/10.Smith - Blast walls.pdf. (p. 5)
2. ↑ Smith p. 7
3. ↑ Smith p. 11
4. ↑ Smith p. 13
5. ↑ Louca, L A; Boh, J W (2004). "Analysis and Design of Profiled Blast Walls". Health and Safety Executive. http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr146.pdf.

## External links

* v
* t
* e

Fortifications

Ancient|

* Abatis
* Agger
* Broch
* Burgus
* Castellum
* Castra
* Castros
* Circular rampart
* City gate
* Crannog
* Ditch
* Defensive wall
* Dun
* Faussebraye
* Gatehouse
* Gord
* Hillfort
* Limes
* Oppidum
* Palisade
* Pincer gate
* Promontory fort
* Rampart
* Ringfort (Rath)
* Refuge castle
* Schwedenschanze
* Stockade
* Sudis
* Trou de loup
* Vallum
* Wagon fort (Laager)
* Vitrified fort

Post-classical|

* Advanced work
* Albarrana tower
* Alcazaba
* Alcázar
* Arrowslit
* Barbican
* Bartizan
* Bastion
* Battery tower
* Battlement
* Bent entrance
* Bergfried
* Bretèche
* Bridge castle
* Bridge tower
* Butter-churn tower
* Caer
* Caltrop
* Castle
* Chamber gate
* Chartaque
* Chashi
* Chemin de ronde
* Chemise
* Cheval de frise
* Citadel
* Coercion castle
* Concentric castle
* Corner tower
* Counter-castle
* Curtain
* Drawbridge
* Enceinte
* Embrasure
* Flanking tower
* Fortified buildings (church, house)
* Fujian tulou
* Ganerbenburg
* Gate tower
* Gabion
* Glacis
* Guard tower
* Gulyay-gorod
* Gusuku
* Half tower
* Hoarding
* Inner bailey
* Keep
* Kremlin (Detinets)
* Landesburg
* L-plan castle
* Machicolation
* Merlon
* Moat
* Motte-and-bailey
* Murder-hole
* Neck ditch
* Outer bailey
* Outwork
* Peel tower
* Portcullis
* Postern
* Reduit
* Ricetto
* Ringwork
* Quadrangular castle
* Shell keep
* Shield wall
* Toll castle
* Tower castle
* Tower house
* Turret
* Wall tower
* Bailey (or ward)
* Watchtower
* Witch tower
* Yett
* Z-plan castle
* Zwinger

Modern|

| 18th century
and earlier|

* Abwurfdach
* Bastion
* Blockhouse
* Breastwork
* Canal
* Caponier
* Casemate
* Cavalier
* Counterguard
* Counterscarp
* Couvreface
* Coupure
* Covertway
* Crownwork
* Device Forts
* Entrenchment
* Flèche
* Gorge
* Hornwork
* Kotta mara
* Lunette
* Orillon
* Ostrog
* Place-of-arms
* Polygonal fort
* Presidio (Spanish America)
* Punji sticks
* Ravelin
* Redan
* Redoubt
* Retrenchment
* Sandbag
* Scarp
* Sconce
* Schanze
* Sea fort
* Station
* Star fort
* Tenaille

|

19th century|

* Barbed wire
* Barbette
* Border outpost
* Bunker
* Coastal artillery
* Disappearing gun
* Fire control tower
* Gun turret
* Land mine
* Martello tower
* Outpost
* Polygonal fort
* Trench warfare
* Sangar
* Wire obstacles

20th century|

* Admiralty scaffolding
* Air raid shelter
* Anti-tank trench
* Barbed tape
* Belgian gate
* Blast shelter
* Blast wall
* Border security
* Buoy
* Bremer wall
* Concertina wire
* Defensive fighting position
* British "hedgehog" road block
* Czech hedgehog
* Dragon's teeth
* Entry control point (ECP)
* Electric fence
* Fallout shelter
* Fire support base
* Flak tower
* Hardened aircraft shelter
* Hesco bastion
* Main line of resistance
* Pillbox
* Revetment
* Sentry gun
* Spider hole
* Submarine pen
* Tunnel warfare
* Underground hangar

By topography|

* Cave castle
* Hill castle
* Hillfort
* Hillside castle
* Hilltop castle
* Island castle
* Lowland castle
* Marsh castle
* Moated castle
* Promontory fort
* Ridge castle
* Rocca
* Rock castle
* Spur castle
* Water castle
* Floating water castle

By role|

* Coercion castle
* Counter-castle
* Ganerbenburg
* Hunting lodge
* Imperial castle
* Kaiserpfalz
* Landesburg
* Lustschloss
* Ordensburg
* Refuge castle
* Toll castle
* Urban castle

By design|

* Bridge castle
* Circular rampart
* Concentric castle
* L-plan castle
* Motte-and-bailey castle
* Quadrangular castle
* Ringfort
* Ringwork
* Tower castle

* See also:  Category

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