Box-office bomb

Short description: Film industry term

"Bomb (movie)" and "Bomb (film)" redirect here. For the 2025 film, see Bomb (2025 film). For the 2015 documentary, see The Bomb (film).

A box-office bomb[lower-alpha 1] is a film that is unprofitable or considered highly unsuccessful during its theatrical run. Any film for which the combined production budget, marketing, and distribution costs exceed the revenue after release is often considered a commercial failure, but the terms "bomb" or "flop" are most frequently used for major studio releases that were highly anticipated, extensively marketed, and expensive to produce, but nevertheless failed commercially.[1][2]

A film can fail at the box office for a variety of reasons, including poor marketing or word of mouth, an excessive production budget which proves to be difficult to earn back during the film's initial theatrical run, or simply a lack of public interest. Extenuating circumstances such as release timing or world events (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) have also affected film ticket sales. Some films may recover from box office failures through other revenue sources, such as home media sales.

Originally, the term "box-office bomb" had the opposite meaning, referring instead to a successful film that "exploded" at the box office. The term continued to be used this way in the United Kingdom into the 1970s.[3]

## Contents

* 1 Causes
* 1.1 Negative word of mouth
* 1.2 External circumstances
* 1.3 High production costs
* 2 Recovery
* 3 Studio failure
* 4 Independent films
* 5 See also
* 6 Notes
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## Causes

### Negative word of mouth

With the advent of social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter in the 2000s, word of mouth regarding new films is easily spread and has had a marked effect on box office performance. A film's ability or failure to attract positive or negative commentary can strongly impact its performance at the box office, especially on the opening weekend.[4]

### External circumstances

Occasionally, films may underperform because of issues largely unrelated to the content of the film, such as the timing of the film's release. This was one of the reasons given for the commercial failure of Intolerance, D. W. Griffith's follow-up to The Birth of a Nation. Owing to production delays, the film was not released until late 1916, when the widespread antiwar sentiment it reflected had started to shift in favor of American entry into World War I.[5] Another example is the 2015 docudrama about FIFA entitled United Passions. A glowing portrayal of FIFA, which had mostly funded the film, United Passions was released in theaters in the United States at the same time FIFA's leaders were under investigation for fraud and corruption. The film grossed only $918 at the US box office in its opening weekend.[6]

Sometimes, a film's performance may be adversely affected by national crisis or a disaster, such as the September 11 attacks in 2001, Hurricane Harvey in 2017, and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021.[7][8][9]

### High production costs

Box-office gross numbers are not always reflective of profit as not all money is returned to the film studio. Some of the gross is kept by the film exhibitors and the film distributor. A rule of thumb for making an estimate of a studio's portion of the gross is that the studio usually gets half.[10]

Sometimes a film will fail financially, even when it performs reasonably well at the box office. For the 2005 film Sahara, its budget ballooned to US$281.2 million for production, distribution, and other expenses.[11] The film earned US$119 million in theaters and US$202.9 million overall with television and other subsidies included, resulting in a net loss of US$78.3 million.[11][12] In 2012, Disney reported losses of US$200 million on John Carter. The film had made a considerable US$234 million worldwide, but this was short of its $250 million budget plus worldwide advertising.[13]

The 2007 film The Golden Compass had a production budget of US$180 million. To be able to fund the film, New Line Cinema had to sell all of the film's international distribution rights to various film distributors around the world. The film underperformed domestically, but was an international success; New Line Cinema did not have a cut of the international box office. These events were major factors in New Line Cinema becoming a division of Warner Bros. Pictures.[14]

## Recovery

Films initially thought of as "flops" may recover income elsewhere. Several films have underperformed in their countries of origin, but have been sufficiently successful internationally to recoup losses or even become financial successes.[15] Films may also recover money through international distribution, sales to television syndication, distribution outside of cinemas, and releases on home media.[16] The 1995 post-apocalyptic action film Waterworld was the most expensive film ever made at the time after undergoing significant production difficulties. While it performed relatively well in the US box office, it did not initially turn a profit and became known as a box-office flop. International box-office takings and video sales led it to turn a profit.[17]

Other films have succeeded long after cinema release by becoming cult films or being re-evaluated over time. High-profile films fitting this description include Vertigo,[18] Blade Runner, The Wizard of Oz, It's a Wonderful Life, Citizen Kane,[19] The Shawshank Redemption,[20] Showgirls,[21] Fight Club,[22] The Thing,[23] and Scott Pilgrim vs. the World,[24] all of which initially lost money at the box office but have since become popular.

## Studio failure

It is common for a single film's lackluster performance to push its studio into the red, in the sense of recording a net loss on its income statement. In extreme cases, a bomb may push its studio into bankruptcy or closure. Examples of this include Universal (Sutter's Gold, a 1936 fiasco that prompted a wholesale reorganization of the company, and forced studio head Carl Laemmle out of the industry altogether);[25] United Artists (Heaven's Gate);[26] and Carolco Pictures (Cutthroat Island).[27][28] The Golden Compass was a success at the international box office and grossed $372 million worldwide; nonetheless, its underperformance at the box office in North America was seen as a significant factor in influencing the decision by Warner Bros. Pictures to take direct control of New Line Cinema.[29]

In 2001, Square Pictures, a division of Square, released its only film, Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within. It received mixed reviews from critics and failed to recover its $145 million cost. Following the film's struggles, Square Pictures did not make any more films[30] and is now a consolidated subsidiary of Square Enix as Visual Works.[31] In 2011, Mars Needs Moms was the last film released by ImageMovers Digital before Disney's stake got absorbed by ImageMovers to a loss of nearly $140 million – the largest box-office bomb of all time in nominal dollar terms. Regardless of this loss, the decision to close the production company had been made a year prior to the film's release.[32]

## Independent films

The 2006 independent movie Zyzzyx Road made $30 at the US box office. With a budget of $1.2 million and starring Tom Sizemore and Katherine Heigl, its box office revenue was limited to six days in a single theater in Dallas for the purpose of meeting Screen Actors Guild requirements.[33][34] According to co-star Leo Grillo, it sold six tickets, two of which were to cast members.[35]

The 2000 British film Offending Angels took in less than £100 (~$150[36]) at the box office.[37] It had a £70,000 (~$105,000[36]) budget and was panned by critics, including the BBC, who called it a "truly awful pile of garbage",[38] and Total Film, who called it "irredeemable".[39]

In 2011, the film The Worst Movie Ever! opened to $11 at the US box office. It played in one theater.[40]

## See also

* Hollywood accounting
* List of biggest box-office bombs
* List of films considered the worst

## Notes

1. ↑ Also known as a box-office flop, box-office failure, or box-office disaster.

## References

1. ↑ "Greatest Box-Office Bombs, Disasters and Flops". Filmsite.org. http://www.filmsite.org/greatestflops.html.
2. ↑ "The 15 Biggest Box Office Bombs". CNBC.com. August 23, 2010. https://www.cnbc.com/2012/03/20/The-15-Biggest-Box-Office-Bombs.html.
3. ↑ Pitman, Jack (April 29, 1970). "English as British Speak It". Variety: 172. https://archive.org/details/sim_variety_1970-04-29_258_11/page/172/mode/2up?view=theater. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
4. ↑ "A Century in Exhibition-The 2010s: The Great Disruption". boxofficepro.com. August 27, 2021. https://www.boxofficepro.com/a-century-in-exhibition-the-2010s-the-great-disruption/.
5. ↑ "Intolerance (1916)". http://www.filmsite.org/into.html.
6. ↑ "FIFA film 'United Passions' one of worst in U.S. box office history". ESPN. June 18, 2015. http://www.espnfc.com/fifa-world-cup/story/2496658/fifa-film-united-passions-the-worst-in-us-history.
7. ↑ Kelley, Seth (August 27, 2017). "Box Office Disaster: Lackluster Releases, Mayweather-McGregor, Hurricane Harvey Create Slowest Weekend in Over 15 Years". Variety. https://variety.com/2017/film/news/box-office-hitmans-bodyguard-annabelle-creation-mayweather-mcgregor-hurricane-harvey-1202539879/.
8. ↑ "Weekend Box Office". Boxofficeguru.com. September 17, 2001. http://www.boxofficeguru.com/091701.htm.
9. ↑ Erlichman, Jon (March 13, 2020). "Box office bomb: COVID-19's impact on the movie theatre business". BNN Bloomberg. https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/box-office-bomb-covid-19-s-impact-on-the-movie-theatre-business-1.1405416.
10. ↑ Hornaday, Ann (April 5, 2018). "We're awash in box-office statistics. But what do the numbers really mean?". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/were-awash-in-box-office-statistics-but-what-do-the-numbers-really-mean/2018/04/05/87adf58a-38d7-11e8-8fd2-49fe3c675a89_story.html.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Bunting, Glenn F. (April 15, 2007). "$78 million of red ink?". Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-movie15apr15-story.html.
12. ↑ Bunting, Glenn F. (March 5, 2007). "Jurors hear tales of studio maneuvering". Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/la-fi-sahara5mar05-2007-story.html.
13. ↑ "John Carter flop to cost Walt Disney $200m". bbc.co.uk (BBC News). March 20, 2012. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17442200.
14. ↑ "Failed Movies That Singlehandedly Put Their Studios Out of Business". December 12, 2019. https://www.universityfox.com/stories/failed-movies-that-singlehandedly-put-their-studios-out-of-business/.
15. ↑ Mendelson, Scott (2013). "'Pacific Rim' And More Domestic "Flops" That Became Global Hits". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2013/09/02/pacific-rim-and-more-domestic-flops-that-became-global-hits/.
16. ↑ Obias, Rudie. "11 Beloved Movies That Were Box Office Flops". Mental Floss. http://mentalfloss.com/article/59990/11-beloved-movies-were-box-office-flops.
17. ↑ Fleming, Mike Jr. (August 7, 2013). "Isn't It Time To Take 'Waterworld' Off The All-Time Flop List?". https://deadline.com/2013/08/isnt-it-time-to-take-waterworld-off-the-all-time-flop-list-557797/.
18. ↑ "Vertigo: From box-office flop to 'greatest film of all time'". The Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/vertigo-from-box-office-flop-to-greatest-film-of-all-time-1.3561982.
19. ↑ "11 Beloved Movies That Were Box Office Flops". November 10, 2015. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/59990/11-beloved-movies-were-box-office-flops.
20. ↑ "Why Shawshank Redemption Was A Box Office Failure (Despite Its Popular Legacy)" (in en-US). May 5, 2021. https://screenrant.com/shawshank-redemption-movie-box-office-bomb-fail-reasons/.
21. ↑ Thompson, Simon. "'You Don't Nomi' Explores 'Showgirls,' The Cult Classic Box Office Bomb" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonthompson/2020/06/07/you-dont-nomi-explores-showgirls-the-cult-classic-box-office-bomb/.
22. ↑ Lim, Dennis (November 6, 2009). "Forget Rule No. 1: Still Talking About 'Fight Club'". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/08/movies/homevideo/08lim.html.
23. ↑ "The Real Reason John Carpenter's The Thing Flopped At The Box Office" (in en-US). 2020-10-01. https://www.looper.com/254509/the-real-reason-john-carpenters-the-thing-flopped-at-the-box-office/.
24. ↑ Laman, Lisa (2023-04-05). "How 'Scott Pilgrim' Went From Box Office Bomb to Pop Culture Touchstone" (in en). https://collider.com/scott-pilgrim-movie-cult-classic/.
25. ↑ Hirschhorn, Clive. The Universal Story, Crown Publishers, 1983, p. 55.
26. ↑ Welkos, Robert W.. "'Heaven's Gate': The film flop that reshaped Hollywood". Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-heavens-gate-flop-archive-20040612-snap-story.html.
27. ↑ Sterngold, James (March 31, 1996). "Debacle on the High Seas". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/31/movies/debacle-on-the-high-seas.html.
28. ↑ "Largest box office loss". Guinness World Records. April 30, 2012. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/69937-largest-box-office-loss.
29. ↑ Davis, Erik (February 28, 2008). "Breaking: New Line Cinema Says Goodbye!". Cinematical.com. http://blog.moviefone.com/2008/02/28/breaking-new-line-cinema-says-goodbye/.
30. ↑ Briscoe, David (February 1, 2002). "'Final Fantasy' studio to fold". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/final-fantasy-studio-to-close-9276846.html.
31. ↑ "Square-Enix Co, LTD. Annual Report 2007". pp. 29, 30, 53. http://www.square-enix.com/jp/ir/e/data/ar/download/20070831en.pdf.
32. ↑ Finke, Nikki (March 12, 2010). "Disney Closing Zemeckis' Digital Studio". https://deadline.com/2010/03/disney-closing-zemeckis-digital-studio-in-2011-28214/.
33. ↑ Faraci, Devin (December 31, 2006). "What if they released a movie and nobody came?". CHUD.com. http://www.chud.com/8378/WHAT-IF-THEY-RELEASED-A-MOVIE-AND-NOBODY-CAME/.
34. ↑ Brunner, Rob (February 9, 2007). "The Strange and Twisted Tale of ... The Movie That Grossed $30.00". Entertainment Weekly. https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20011268,00.html. Retrieved January 24, 2008.
35. ↑ Mueller, Andrew (January 16, 2007). "This Film Is Absolute Dross – People Are Going to Love It!". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/jan/15/features.features11.
36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Officer, Lawrence H.. "Dollar-Pound Exchange Rate From 1791: 2000–2002". MeasuringWorth. http://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/exchangepound/result.php?year_source=2000&year_result=2002.
37. ↑ logboy (February 3, 2006). "Offending Angels. £70k Budget, £89 Box Office. 8 DVD Sales to Double its Taking". Twitch.net. http://twitchfilm.com/news/2006/02/offending-angels-70k-budget-89-box-office-8-dvd-sales-to-double-its-takings.php.
38. ↑ Russell, Jamie (April 10, 2002). "Offending Angels (2002)". BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2002/04/10/offending_angels_2002_review.shtml.
39. ↑ Harley, Kevin (May 2002). "Offending Angels review". Total Film. https://www.gamesradar.com/offending-angels-review/.
40. ↑ "The Worst Movie Ever! (2011)". Box Office Mojo. https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=worstmovieever.htm.

## External links

* GetBack.com: Biggest Film Flops and Fiascoes
* Biggest Box-Office Bombs of All Time – Inside Movies Blog

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