Electrical safety standards

Short description: Standards and procedures intended to protect from the damaging effects of electricity

Electrical safety is a system of organizational measures and technical means to prevent harmful and dangerous effects on workers from electric current, arcing, electromagnetic fields and static electricity.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Lightning and earthing protection
* 2.1 Earthing protection systems
* 2.2 Lightning protection systems
* 3 Physiological effects of electricity
* 4 Electrical safety conductors
* 5 Electrical safety standards
* 6 Lightning protection standards
* 7 Electronics and communications
* 7.1 Electronic products safety standards
* 7.2 Communication and high frequency safety standards
* 8 See also
* 9 Gallery
* 10 References

## History

The electrical safety develops with the technical progress. In 1989 OSHA[1] promulgated a much-needed regulation in the General Industry Regulations. Several standards are defined for control of hazardous energy, or lockout/tagout. In 1995 OSHA was successful in promulgation of regulations for utility.[2] In 1994 were established Electrical Safety Foundation International non-profit organization dedicated exclusively to promoting electrical safety at home and in the workplace.[3]

* Standard 29 CFR 1910.269 – for electric power generation, transmission, and distribution, contained comprehensive regulations and addressed control of hazardous energy sources for power plant locations

Standards are compared with those of IEEE and National Fire Protection Association.[4]

## Lightning and earthing protection

Lightning and Earthing protection systems are essential for the protection of humans, structures, protecting buildings from mechanical destruction caused by lightning effects and the associated risk of fire, Transmission lines, and electrical equipment from electric shock and Overcurrent.[5]

### Earthing protection systems

TT earthing system

* TT system
* TN system
* IT system[6]

### Lightning protection systems

* lightning rod (simple rod or with triggering system)
* lightning rod with taut wires.
* lightning conductor with meshed cage (Faraday cage)

## Physiological effects of electricity

Electrical shocks on humans can lead to permanent disabilities or death. Size, frequency and duration of the electrical current affect the damage.[7] The effects from electric shock can be: stopping the heart beating properly, preventing the person from breathing, causing muscle spasms. The skin features also affect the consequences of electric shock.[8]

Electric shock graph

* Indirect contact – can be avoided by automatic disconnection for TT system, automatic disconnection for TN systems, automatic disconnection on a second fault in an IT system, measures of protection against direct or indirect contact without automatic disconnection of supply
* Direct contact – can be avoided by protection by the insulation of live parts, protection by means of barriers or enclosures, partial measures of protection, particular measures of protection[9]

## Electrical safety conductors

* Template:FlagIOCteam NEC 2008 Table 250.122 – Safeco Electric Supply

## Electrical safety standards

* Template:FlagIOCteam Australian Standards – Australia – AS/NZS 3000:2007, AS/NZS 3012:2010, AS/NZS 3017:2007, AS/NZS 3760:2010, AS/NZS 4836:2011[10]
* Template:FlagIOCteam Български Държавен Стандарт – (On English:Bulgarian state standard) – БДС 12.2.096:1986 Bulgaria[11]
* Template:FlagIOCteam Brazilian National Regulation – NR10 Brazil [12]
* Template:FlagIOCteam – China GB4943, GB17625, GB9254[13]
* Template:FlagIOCteam IEEE/TÜV – Germany NSR Niederspannungsrichtlinie 2014/35/EU [14]
* Template:FlagIOCteam La norme français C 15-100 – Aspects de la norme d’installation électrique France [15]
* Template:FlagIOCteam British standard – United Kingdom [16] BS EN 61439, BS 5266, BS 5839, BS 6423, BS 6626, BS EN 62305, BS EN 60529
* Template:FlagIOCteam India Standardization – India – IS-5216, IS-5571, IS-6665[17]
* Template:FlagIOCteam Polska Norma – Poland – PN-EN 61010-2-201:2013-12E[18]
* Template:FlagIOCteam – ГОСТ 12.2.007.0-75,ГОСТ Р МЭК 61140-2000,ГОСТ 12.2.007.0-75,ГОСТ Р 52726-2007 Russia |[19]
* Template:FlagIOCteam NFPA, IEEE STD 80, IEEE STD 80 – United States [20]

NFPA 496, NFPA 70

* Template:FlagIOCteam NEN 1010 [nl]

## Lightning protection standards

* Template:FlagIOCteam NFPA 780, IEC 62305
* Template:FlagIOCteam СТО 083-004-2010,ГОСТ Р МЭК 62561.2-2014
* Template:FlagIOCteam БДС EN 62305-1:2011
* Template:FlagIOCteam Norme NF C 15-100
* Template:FlagIOCteam DIN EN 62305-1
* Template:FlagIOCteam PN-EN 62305
* Template:FlagIOCteam BS-EN 62305
* Template:FlagIOCteam UNE 21186. Protección contra el rayo
* Template:FlagIOCteam SNI 03-7015-2004
* Template:FlagIOCteam IS 2309
* Template:FlagIOCteam GB/T 36490-2018

## Electronics and communications

### Electronic products safety standards

The manufacturers of electronic tools must take into account several standard for electronic safety to protect the health of humans and animals.

* ANSI C95.3:1972 – Techniques & instrumentation for measurement of

potentially hazardous electromagnetic radiation at microwave frequencies.[21]

* Template:FlagIOCteam CNC-St2-44.01 V02.1.1 [22]
* Template:FlagIOCteam NOM-152
* Template:FlagIOCteam MET MOC 023/96

### Communication and high frequency safety standards

Few standard were introduced for the harmful impact from high frequency,Template:FlagIOCteam CB-02 Radio Equipment[23]

* ANSI/IEEE 1.2 mW/Cm for antennas 1800-2000 MHz range.[24]
* Radio Communication safety Template:FlagIOCteam ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992,[25]Template:FlagIOCteam ГОСТ Р 50829-95
* Mobile Communication safety 73/23/EEC and 91/263/EEC[26]

## See also

* Extra-low voltage
* Electrical safety testing
* Electrical Color Codes

## Gallery

* Danger symbol

* Principle Protection separation

* Safe distances earthing

* Lightning rod

* Extra low voltage symbol

* Fire protection symbol

* Electrical Hazard symbol

## References

1. ↑ Controlling electrical hazard
2. ↑ Brainfilter.com
3. ↑ ESFI
4. ↑ The history of electrical safety
5. ↑ http://www.electrical-knowhow.com
6. ↑ Electrical installations
7. ↑ Physiological Effects of Electricity
8. ↑ Electrical injuries
9. ↑ electrical-installation.org
10. ↑ Australian Electrical Standards
11. ↑ BDS Official webpage
12. ↑ Brazilian National Standard Page
13. ↑ CCC Certification
14. ↑ https://www.tuev-nord.de
15. ↑ http://www.france-electric.com
16. ↑ British standard
17. ↑ Indian standard
18. ↑ Bezpieczenstwo-uzytkowania-i-funkcjonalne
19. ↑ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ СТАНДАРТ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ Система стандартов безопасности труда
20. ↑ https://www.osha.gov
21. ↑ "Electronic products safety standards". http://advantage-dev.com/More Pages/Safety_Standards_for_Electronic_Products.pdf.
22. ↑ http://www.metlabs.com
23. ↑ http://www.metlabs.com
24. ↑ High Frequency Radiation and Human Exposure Mahmoud M. Dawoud
25. ↑ Radio frequency safety standards
26. ↑ ГОСТ

* Дулицкий Г. А., Комаревцев А. П. Электробезопасность при эксплуатации электроустановок напряжением до 1000 В. Справочник. — М.: Воениздат, 1988.
* IEC 60050-195:1998. International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. Part 195: Earthing and protection against electric shock. Edition 1.0. – Geneva: IEC, 1998‑08.
* Marinela Yordanova – Technical Safety, Bulgaria BDS standards, 2010
* M.M. Dawoud, A.S. Farag, J.M. Bakhashwain, and A. Frazi,"Study of EM Fields and

Radiated Power Generated from Dammam Radio Stations,"1998

* N. Kuster, Q. Balzano, James C. Lin – Mobile Communications Safety, Springer Science & Business Media, 6 Dec 2012

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