GM-94

GM-94

Type| Pump action grenade launcher
Place of origin| Russia
Service history
Used by| Spetsnaz, FSB, MVD and National Guard
Wars| 2005 raid on Nalchik[1]
Libyan Civil War[2]
Crimean Crisis
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine[2]
Production history
Designer| KBP
Manufacturer| KBP
Specifications
Mass| 4.8 kg (10.6 lb) unloaded
5.8 kg (12.8 lb) loaded
Length| 810 mm (31.9 in) stock extended
540 mm (21.3 in) stock folded

* * *

Cartridge| 43×30mm
Action| Double action
Muzzle velocity| 85 m/s (280 ft/s)
Effective firing range| 300 m (330 yd)
Maximum firing range| 500 m (550 yd)
Feed system| 3 round pump action above-barrel tubular magazine
Sights| Iron sights

The GM-94 (Гранатомет Магазинный образца 1994 Granatomet Magazinnyy obraztsa 1994, lit. "magazine-fed grenade launcher, model of 1994") is a pump action grenade launcher for use by Russian special and security forces. Development of the GM-94 grenade launcher began in 1993, under the guidance of Vasilij Gryazev, chief designer of the KBP design bureau (Konstruktorskoye Byuro Priborostroyeniya; (Конструкторское Бюро Приборостроения; KBP), in Tula, Russia. [3]

## Contents

* 1 Description
* 2 Users
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 4.1 Bibliography

## Description

The GM-94 is a short range weapon, allowing it to be used in close urban environments. With a minimum safe distance of only 10 meters,[4][5] the GM-94 is well suited to close, room-to-room fighting. Its simple design and operation allows it to operate in dusty and dirty environments and even after being immersed in water.

The launcher is capable of firing VGM-93.900 high explosive fragmentation, VGM-93.100 thermobaric, VGM-93.300 smoke and VGM-93.200 tear gas canisters, VGM-93.600 rubber slugs and other non-lethal payloads.[4]

The VGM-93.100 thermobaric grenade contains around 160 grams of explosive filler. It can penetrate up to 8 mm of mild steel or interior wall with its blast, while producing minimal primary fragmentation.[4]

In June 2005, GM-94 with thermobaric VGM-93.100 ammunition was adopted by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.[6] In October 2007, the Russian armed forces adopted the launcher designated as LPO-97 (Legkiy Pekhotnyy Ognemet; Легкий Пехотный Огнемет; ‘light infantry flamethrower’)[3] developed in the KBP Instrument Design Bureau on the basis of the GM-94 with a thermobaric grenade,[3][7] in 2008 GM-94 was adopted for the branches of the Federal Security Service.[8] The weapon was used in the battle of Nalchik in 2005 and in Crimea 2014.[9] Though the launcher was initially intended for use by Russian security forces, the GM-94 has been spotted as far afield as Kazakhstan, where it is in service with the Kazakhstani paramilitary police tactical unit Sunkar ("Hawk") and in the hands of non-state combatants during the overthrow of the Gaddafi regime in Libya 2011.[2]

Russian forces have used this weapon to fire non-lethal tear gas grenades on protesters in Ukraine in March 2022.[10]

## Users

Map with GM-94 users in blue

* Belarus[11]
* Kazakhstan[2]
* Libya[2]
* Mongolia[citation needed]
* Russian Federation[1][12]
* Ukraine[13]

## See also

* China Lake grenade launcher
* DP-64
* Neopup PAW-20
* RG-6 grenade launcher
* RGM-40 Kastet
* RGS-50M
* RGSh-30

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Popenker & Jenzen-Jones 2015, p. 16.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Popenker & Jenzen-Jones 2015, p. 17.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 ""Arms & Munitions Brief No. 2: The Russian GM-94 Grenade Launcher"". ARES Armament Research Services. 28 September 2015. https://armamentresearch.com/arms-munitions-brief-no-2-the-russian-gm-94-grenade-launcher.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Popenker & Jenzen-Jones 2015, p. 15
5. ↑ "VGM93.100". Rosoboronexport. http://roe.ru/esp/catalog/fondos-especiales/spetsgranatomety-y-municiones/vgm93-100/.
6. ↑ "ГМ-94 - ручной гранатомёт". army.lv. http://army.lv/ru/gm-94/628/442.
7. ↑ "ОАО "Конструкторское бюро приборостроения" - 10 лет ГМ-94". kbptula.ru. http://www.kbptula.ru/ru/novosti/nagrady-i-yubilei/476-10-let-gm-94.
8. ↑ "ГМ-94". gewehr.ru. http://www.gewehr.ru/granatwerfer/225-gm-94.html.
9. ↑ Maxim Popenker and NR Jenzen-Jones, The Russian GM-94 Grenade Launcher, ARES Armament Research Services, Munitions Brief No. 2, September 2015
10. ↑ 🇺🇦 Ukraine Weapons Tracker [@UAWeapons] (22 March 2022). "#Ukraine: A little insight on what kind of munitions were used by the Russian forces to disperse the pro-Ukrainian rally in #Kherson - an empty VGM93.200 CS irritant round for the GM-94 grenade launcher was found on the ground. t.co/h79lv3KmRd" (in en). https://twitter.com/UAWeapons/status/1506365646816350209.
11. ↑ "Рассказываем, что за гранатомет был замечен вчера у спецназовца «Алмаза» в Минске". https://42.tut.by/696261.
12. ↑ https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/0919/101575343/detail.shtml
13. ↑ Ferguson, Jonathan; Jenzen-Jones, N.R. (November 2014). Raising Red Flags: An Examination of Arms & Munitions in the Ongoing Conflict in Ukraine, 2014. Research Report 3. Armament Research Services. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-9924624-3-7.

### Bibliography

* Popenker, Maxim; Jenzen-Jones, N.R. (September 2015). The Russian GM-94 Grenade Launcher. Arms & Munitions Brief. Armament Research. ISBN 978-0-9924624-5-1. http://armamentresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/The-Russian-GM-94-Grenade-Launcher.pdf.

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