Gaofen (satellite)

Short description: Chinese satellites

Gaofen (Chinese: 高分; pinyin: Gāofēn; literally: 'high resolution') is a series of Chinese high-resolution Earth imaging satellites for the China High-resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS) program.[1][2] Unlike the Yaogan program of military reconnaissance satellites, CHEOS is a state-sponsored, civilian Earth-observation program used for agricultural, disaster, resource, and environmental monitoring. Proposed in 2006 and approved in 2010, the CHEOS program consists of the Gaofen series of space-based satellites, near-space and airborne systems such as airships and UAVs, ground systems that conduct data receipt, processing, calibration, and taskings, and a system of applications that fuse observation data with other sources to produce usable information and knowledge.[2][3]

In 2003, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) agreed with Roscosomos to share Gaofen data for data from Russia's Earth observation satellites of similar capability. This agreement was expanded in August 2021 when leaders from BRICS space agencies agreed to share space-based remote sensing data.[4]

## Satellites

Designation | COSPAR ID | NORAD / SCN | Launch date
(UTC) | Launch vehicle | Launch site | Orbit | Status | Remarks | Ref

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Gaofen 1 | 2013-018A | 39150 | 26 April 2013 | Long March 2D | Jiuquan SLC | 35 km × 662 km, 98.36 | Operational | Carried TurkSat-3USat, CubeBug 1, NEE 01 Pegaso | [5]
Gaofen 1-02 | 2018-031A | 43259 | 31 March 2018 | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC | 638 km × 642 km, 98.04° | Operational |  | [6]
Gaofen 1-03 | 2018-031B | 43260 | 31 March 2018 | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC | 638 km × 642 km, 98.04° | Operational |  | [6]
Gaofen 1-04 | 2018-031D | 43262 | 31 March 2018 | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC | 638 km × 642 km, 98.04° | Operational |  | [6]
Gaofen 2 | 2014-049A | 40118 | 19 August 2014 | Long March 4B | Taiyuan SLC | 619.4 km × 628.9 km | Operational |  | [7]
Gaofen 3 | 2016-049A | 41727 | 9 August 2016 | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC | 747.3 km × 749.3 km | Operational |  | [8]
Gaofen 3-02 | 2021-109A | 49495 | 22 November 2021 | Long March 4C | Jiuquan SLC | 747.3 km × 749.3 km | Operational |  |
Gaofen 3-03 | 2022-035A | 52200 | 6 April 2022 | Long March 4C | Jiuquan SLC | 747.3 km × 749.3 km | Operational |  | [9]
Gaofen 4 | 2015-083A | 41194 | 28 December 2015 | Long March 3B | Xichang SLC | 35765.3 km × 35810.9 km | Operational |  | [10]
Gaofen 5 | 2018-043A | 43461 | 8 May 2018 | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC |  | Operational |  | [11]
Gaofen 5-02 | 2021-079A | 49122 | 7 September 2021 | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC |  | Operational |  | [11]
Gaofen 6 | 2018-048A | 43484 | 2 June 2018 | Long March 2D | Jiuquan SLC |  | Operational |  | [12]
Gaofen 7 | 2019-072A | 44703 | 3 November 2019 | Long March 4B | Taiyuan SLC |  | Operational |  | [13]
Gaofen 8 | 2015-030A | 40701 | 26 June 2015 | Long March 4B | Taiyuan SLC |  | Operational |  | [14]
Gaofen 9-01 | 2015-047A | 40894 | 14 September 2015 | Long March 2D | Jiuquan SLC |  | Operational |  | [15]
Gaofen 9-02 | 2020-034B | 45625 | 31 May 2020 | Long March 2D | Jiuquan SLC |  | Operational |  | [15]
Gaofen 9-03 | 2020-039A | 45794 | 17 June 2020 | Long March 2D | Jiuquan SLC |  | Operational |  | [15]
Gaofen 9-04 | 2020-054A | 46025 | 6 August 2020 | Long March 2D | Jiuquan SLC |  | Operational |  | [15]
Gaofen 10R | 2019-066A | 44622 | 4 October 2019 | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC |  | Operational |  | [16]
Gaofen 11-01 | 2018-063A | 43585 | 31 July 2018 | Long March 4B | Taiyuan SLC |  | Operational |  | [17]
Gaofen 11-02 | 2020-064A | 46396 | 7 September 2020 | Long March 4B | Taiyuan SLC |  | Operational |  | [1]
Gaofen 11-03 | 2021-107A | 49492 | 20 November 2021 | Long March 4B | Taiyuan SLC |  | Operational |  |
Gaofen 12 | 2019-082A | 44819 | 27 November 2019 | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC |  | Operational |  | [18]
Gaofen 12-02 | 2021-026A | 48079 | 30 March 2021 | Long March 4C | Jiuquan SLC |  | Operational |  | [19]
Gaofen 12-03 | 2022-069A | 52912 | 27 June 2022 | Long March 4C | Jiuquan SLC |  | Operational |  |
Gaofen 13 | 2020-071A | 46610 | 11 October 2020 | Long March 3B | Xichang SLC |  | Operational |  | [20]
Gaofen 14 | 2020-092A | 47231 | 6 December 2020 | Long March 3B/G5 | Xichang SLC |  | Operational |  | [21]
Gaofen DUOMO (GFDM) | 2020-042A | 45856 | 3 July 2020 | Long March 4B | Taiyuan SLC |  | Operational |  | [22]
JILIN-1 Gaofen 02A | 2019-075A | 44777 | 13 November 2019 | Kuaizhou-1A | Jiuquan SLC |  | Operational |  | [23]
JILIN-1 Gaofen 02B | 2019-086A | 44836 | 7 December 2019 | Kuaizhou-1A | Taiyuan SLC |  | Operational |  | [23]
JILIN-1 Gaofen 02C | Launch failure | Launch failure | 12 September 2020 | Kuaizhou-1A | Jiuquan SLC |  | N/A | Launch failure | [24]
JILIN-1 Gaofen 02D | 2021-086A | 49256 | 27 September 2021 | Kuaizhou-1A | Jiuquan SLC |  | Operational |  | [23]
JILIN-1 Gaofen 02E | Launch failure | Launch failure | 10 July 2020 | Kuaizhou-11 | Jiuquan SLC |  | N/A | Launch failure | [23]
JILIN-1 Gaofen 02F | 2021-097A | 49338 | 27 October 2021 | Kuaizhou-1A | Jiuquan SLC |  | Operational |  | [23]
JILIN-1 Gaofen 03B  | 2020-065A
2020-065B
2020-065C
2020-065D
2020-065E
2020-065F |

46454
46455
46456
46457
46458
46459

| 15 September 2020  | Long March 11H | Sea Launch Platform  |  | Operational  |  | [24]
JILIN-1 Gaofen 03C  | 2020-065G
2020-065H
2020-065J |

46460
46461
46462

| 15 September 2020  | 15 September 2020  | Sea Launch Platform  |  | Operational  |  | [24]
JILIN-1 Gaofen 03D  | 2021-061A
2021-061B
2021-061C
2020-061D
2020-061E |

49003
49004
49005
49006
49007

| 3 July 2021  | Long March 2D | Taiyuan SLC  |  | Operational  |  | [24]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "China launches another Gaofen Earth observation satellite". Spaceflight Now. 8 September 2020. https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/09/08/china-launches-another-gaofen-earth-observation-satellite-2/.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Chen, Liangfu; Letu, Husi; Fan, Meng; Shang, Huazhe; Tao, Jinhua; Wu, Laixiong; Zhang, Ying; Yu, Chao et al. (2022-04-08). "An Introduction to the Chinese High-Resolution Earth Observation System: Gaofen-1~7 Civilian Satellites" (in en). Journal of Remote Sensing 2022. doi:10.34133/2022/9769536. https://spj.sciencemag.org/journals/remotesensing/2022/9769536/.
3. ↑ Template:Cite presentation
4. ↑ Iderawumi, Mustapha (19 August 2021). "BRICS Space Agencies Leaders Signed Agreement to Share Remote Sensing Satellite Data". Space in Africa. https://africanews.space/brics-space-agencies-leaders-signed-agreement-to-share-remote-sensing-satellite-data/.
5. ↑ "Gaofen 1 (GF 1)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-1.htm.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Gaofen 1-02,03, 04". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-1-02.htm.
7. ↑ "Gaofen 2 (GF 2)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-2.htm.
8. ↑ "Gaofen 3 (GF 3)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-3.htm.
9. ↑ "Latest Gaofen satellite launched". http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202204/07/WS624e32d4a310fd2b29e556dd.html.
10. ↑ "Gaofen 4 (GF 4)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-4.htm.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Gaofen 5, 5-02 (GF 5, 5-02)". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-5.htm.
12. ↑ "Gaofen 6 (GF 6)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-6.htm.
13. ↑ "Gaofen 7, 7-02 (GF 7, 7-02)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-7.htm.
14. ↑ "Gaofen 8 (GF 8)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-8.htm.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 "Gaofen 9-01, ..., 05 (GF 9-01, ..., 05)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-9.htm.
16. ↑ "Gaofen 10, 10R (GF 10, 10R)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-10.htm.
17. ↑ "Gaofen 11, 11-02 (GF 11, 11-02)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-11.htm.
18. ↑ "Gaofen 12". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-12.htm.
19. ↑ Jones, Andrew (31 March 2021). "China launches second Gaofen-12 Earth observation satellite". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/china-launches-second-gaofen-12-earth-observation-satellite/.
20. ↑ "Gaofen 13 (GF 13)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/cz-3bg3.htm.
21. ↑ "Launch Schedule". Spaceflight Now. 5 December 2020. https://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/.
22. ↑ "Gaofen Duomo (GF DM)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-dm.htm.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 "Jilin-1 Gaofen-02A, ..., 02F (Jilin-1 High Resolution-02A, ..., 02F)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jilin-1-highresolution-02a.htm.
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 "Jonathan Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Report. 24 October 2020. https://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt.

* v
* t
* e

Chinese space program

* China National Space Administration (CNSA)

| Spaceports and landing sites|

* Jiuquan
* Taiyuan
* Wenchang
* Xichang
* Siziwang Banner (landing site)

|

Launch vehicles|

* Long March 2
* Long March 3
* Long March 4
* Long March 5
* Long March 6
* Long March 7
* Long March 11
* Kuaizhou
* Kaituozhe

Exploration programs|

* Shuguang (cancelled)
* Shenzhou (human spaceflight)
* Chang'e (lunar exploration)
* Tiangong (space station)

Projects and missions

Science|

| Planetary science|

* Chang'e 1 (2007–09)
* Chang'e 2 (2010–present)
* Yinghuo 1† (2011)
* Chang'e 3 (2013–present)
* Chang'e 5-T1 (2014–present)
* Yutu (2013–2016)
* Chang'e 4 (2018-present)
* Yutu-2 (2018-present)
* Chang'e 5 (2020)
* Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover (2020)
* ZhengHe (2024)

|

Astronomy and
cosmology

* DAMPE (2015–present)
* HXMT (2017–present)
* GECAM (2020)
* SVOM (2021)
* EP (2021)
* ASO-S (2022)
* Xuntian (2022)
* Space Solar Telescope

Earth observation|

* CSES (2018–present)
* Double Star (2003–07)
* Gaofen (2013–present)
* HY
* TanSat (2016–present)
* Yaogan (2006–present)
* Ziyuan (CBERS) (1999–present)
* SMILE (2023)

Human spaceflight|

| Crewed expeditions|

* List of Chinese astronauts
* Shenzhou 5
* Shenzhou 6
* Shenzhou 7
* Shenzhou 9
* Shenzhou 10
* Shenzhou 11

|

Space laboratories and cargos|

* Tiangong 1 (2011–18)
* Tiangong 2 (2016–19)
* Tianzhou 1 (2017)

Chinese space station|

* Tianhe (2021)
* Wentian (2021)
* Mengtian (2022)

Navigation|

* BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)

Telecommunications|

* Tianlian I (2008–present)
* ChinaSat 9 (2009–present)
* Apstar 6C (2018–present)
* Tianlian 2 (2019–present)

Technology
demonstrators

* FSW Program (1969–2006)
* QUESS (2016–present)
* XPNAV 1 (2016–present)

* Future missions marked in italics, failed missions marked with † sign

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