Karahafu

Short description: Type of gable with a style peculiar to Japan

Drawings of a kara-hafu

Kara-hafu (唐破風) is a type of curved gable found in Japanese architecture. It is used on Japanese castles, Buddhist temples, and Shinto shrines. Roofing materials such as tile and bark may be used as coverings. The face beneath the gable may be flush with the wall below, or it may terminate on a lower roof.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Images
* 3 See also
* 4 Notes
* 5 References

## History

Although kara (唐) can be translated as meaning "China" or "Tang", this type of roof with undulating bargeboards is an invention of Japanese carpenters in the late Heian period.[1] It was named thus because the word kara could also mean "peculiar" or "elegant", and was often added to names of objects considered grand or intricate regardless of origin.[2] The karahafu developed during the Heian period and is shown in picture scrolls to decorate gates, corridors, and palanquins. The first known depiction of a karahafu appears on a miniature shrine (zushi (shrine) (ja)) in Shōryoin shrine at Hōryū-ji in Nara.[1]

The karahafu and its building style (karahafu-zukuri) became increasingly popular during the Kamakura and Muromachi period, when Japan witnessed a new wave of influences from the Asian continent. During the Kamakura period, Zen Buddhism spread to Japan and the karahafu was employed in many Zen temples.

Initially, the karahafu was used only in temples and aristocratic gateways, but starting from the beginning of the Azuchi–Momoyama period, it became an important architectural element in the construction of a daimyō's mansions and castles. The daimyō's gateway with a karahafu roof was reserved for the shōgun during his onari visits to the retainer, or for the reception of the emperor at shogunate establishments. A structure associated with these social connections naturally imparted special meaning.[3]

Gates with a karahafu roof, the karamon (mon meaning "gate"), became a means to proclaim the prestige of a building and functioned as a symbol of both religious and secular architecture.[4] In the Tokugawa shogunate, the karamon gates were a powerful symbol of authority reflected in architecture.[5]

## Images

* Karahafu on a Chōzuya pavilion at Nikkō Tōshō-gū

* Karamon gate at Nijō Castle

* Three karahafu gables at Himeji Castle

* Matsunoo Taisha

* Shuri Castle in Okinawa

* Tainan Butokuden in Tainan, Taiwan

* Taoyuan Shinto shrine in Taiwan

* Butokuden in Pingtung, Taiwan

* Butokuden in Kaoshiung, Taiwan

* Karahafu on administrative office of Nishi Hongan-ji in Taipei, Taiwan

## See also

* Japanese architecture
* Japanese castle
* List of roof shapes

## Notes

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "karahafu 唐破風." JAANUS. Retrieved on May 30, 2009.
2. ↑ "karamon 唐門". JAANUS. Retrieved on June 12, 2009.
3. ↑ Sarvimaki: Structures, Symbols and Meanings (2000), 18/2000, 82–84, 178.
4. ↑ Sarvimaki: Layouts and Layers (2003), Vol 3, No. 2, 80–108.
5. ↑ Coaldrake (1996), 197

## References

* Coaldrake, William. (1996). Architecture and Authority in Japan. London/New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-05754-X.
* Sarvimaki Marja. (2000). Structures, Symbols and Meanings: Chinese and Korean Influence on Japanese Architecture. Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Architecture. ISBN 0-521-36918-5.
* Sarvimaki Marja. (2003). "Layouts and Layers: Spatial Arrangements in Japan and Korea ". Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies, Volume 3, No. 2. Retrieved on May 30, 2009.
* Parent, Mary Neighbour. (2003). Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.

* v
* t
* e

Elements of Japanese architecture

Styles|

* Buddhist
* Buke
* Daibutsuyō
* Gassho
* Giyōfū
* Hachiman
* Hirairi
* Hiyoshi (Hie)
* Imperial Crown style (Teikanyōshiki)
* Irimoya
* Ishi-no-ma
* Jutaku
* Kasuga
* Kibitsu
* Nagare
* Ōbaku Zen
* Setchūyō
* Shinden
* Shinmei
* Shinto
* Shoin
* Sukiya
* Sumiyoshi
* Taisha
* Wayō
* Zenshūyō

Model of Himeji Castle

Types of building|

* Butsuden
* Castle
* Chashitsu
* Dō
* Haiden
* Heiden
* Hokora
* Hōkyōintō
* Kura
* Kyōzō
* Machiya
* Main Hall
* Minka
* Setsumatsusha
* Shōrō
* Tahōtō
* Japanese pagoda
* Yagura

Roof styles|

* Hidden
* Irimoya
* Karahafu

Structural and spatial|

* Burdock piling
* Chigi
* Disordered piling
* Engawa
* Hisashi
* Irimoya-zukuri
* Irori
* Katōmado
* Katsuogi
* Kuruwa
* Mokoshi
* Moya
* Nakazonae
* Namako wall
* Nightingale floor
* Onigawara
* Ranma
* Sōrin
* Tamagaki
* Tatami
* Tenshu
* Tokonoma
* Tokyō
* Tsumairi
* Shibi

* Gates
* Approaches

* Genkan
* Kairō
* Karamon
* Mon
* Nijūmon
* Niōmon
* Rōmon
* Sandō
* Sanmon
* Sōmon
* Torii (Mihashira)

Rooms|

* Chashitsu
* Daidokoro
* Mizuya
* Shoin
* Toilets
* Washitsu

Furnishings|

* Butsudan
* Chabudai
* Emakimono
* Furo
* Futon
* Getabako
* Kaidan dansu
* Kamado
* Kamidana
* Kotatsu
* Tamaya
* Tansu
* Zabuton
* Zafu

Partitions|

* Byōbu
* Fusuma
* Jinmaku
* Kichō
* Misu
* Noren
* Shitomi
* Shōji (washi)
* Sudare
* Tsuitate

Outdoor objects|

* Chōzuya (Temizuya)
* Giboshi
* Ishigantō
* Komainu
* Tōrō

Measurements|

* Ken
* Koku
* Ri
* Shaku
* Sun

Organizations|

* Architectural Institute of Japan
* Japan Institute of Architects
* Metabolist Movement

Related topics|

* Groups of Traditional Buildings
* Iki
* Japanese garden (rock (Zen))
* Ryokan
* Sentō
* Wabi-sabi
* Yabo

National Treasures|

* Castles
* Residences
* Shrines
* Temples
* Other structures

* v
* t
* e

Buddhist temples in Japan

Japanese Buddhist architecture

Architectonic elements|

* hidden roof
* hisashi
* irimoya
* kaerumata: see nakazonae
* kairō
* karahafu
* karesansui
* kentozuka: see nakazonae
* komainu
* katōmado
* mokoshi
* moya
* nakazonae
* Niō or Kongōrikishi
* sandō
* shichidō garan
* shōrō
* sōrin
* tokyō
* tōrō
* onigawara

Mon (gates)|

* karamon
* nijūmon
* niōmon
* rōmon
* sanmon
* sōmon
* torii

Buildings|

* Chinjusha
* chōzuya/temizuya
* -dō
* main hall (kon-dō, hon-dō, butsuden)
* kuri
* kyōzō or kyō-dō
* shoin

Japanese pagodas|

* gorintō
* hōkyōintō
* hōtō
* kasatōba
* sotōba
* muhōtō
* tahōtō

Styles|

* Daibutsuyō
* Wayō
* Setchūyō
* Shoin-zukuri
* Shin-Wayō
* Zenshūyō
* Ōbaku Zen architecture

Others|

* A-un
* ken

Schools and objects of worship

Major schools|

* Jōdo
* Nichiren
* Shingon
* Tendai

Zen schools|

* Sōtō
* Ōbaku
* Rinzai

Nanto rokushū|

* Jōjitsu
* Hossō
* Kusha
* Kegon
* Ritsu
* Sanron

Objects of worship|

* Amida Nyōrai
* Benzaiten
* Dainichi Nyorai
* Jizō
* Kannon
* Marishi-ten
* Shaka Nyorai
* Shitennō (Four Kings)
* Twelve Heavenly Generals (Jūni Shinshō)
* Yakushi Nyorai

Other elements

Implements|

* kei (ritual gong)
* mokugyō

Others|

* bussokuseki
* butsudan
* Glossary of Japanese Buddhism
* Japanese Buddhist pantheon
* jingū-ji
* miyadera
* saisenbako

* v
* t
* e

Shinto shrines

Shinto architecture

| Buildings|

* chōzuya or temizuya
* haiden
* heiden
* hokora
* honden / shinden / shōden
* kagura-den
* massha
* sessha

|

Architectonic elements|

* Chinjusha
* chigi
* hidden roof
* kaerumata: see nakazonae
* kairō
* karahafu
* karamon
* katōmado
* katsuogi
* ken
* kentozuka: see nakazonae
* kitsune (fox)
* komainu
* mon
* nakazonae
* sandō
* shinboku
* shōrō
* sōrin
* tamagaki
* tokyō
* torii
* tōrō

Styles|

* hirairi-zukuri
* tsumairi-zukuri
* hachiman-zukuri
* hiyoshi-zukuri
* irimoya-zukuri
* ishi-no-ma-zukuri
* kasuga-zukuri
* kibitsu-zukuri
* misedana-zukuri
* nagare-zukuri
* ōtori-zukuri
* owari-zukuri
* ryōnagare-zukuri
* shinmei-zukuri
* sumiyoshi-zukuri
* taisha-zukuri

Others

| Implements|

* An
* Azusa Yumi
* Chihaya
* Chōzubachi
* Chōzuya
* Ema plaque
* Engimono
* Gohei
* Haiden
* Hama Yumi
* Hakama
* Hana
* Heiji
* Himorogi
* Hokora
* Jōe
* Kadomatsu
* Kagome crest
* Kagura suzu
* Kairō
* Kamidana
* Komainu
* Kunkō
* Kusanagi
* Magatama
* Mikoshi
* Mizutama
* Ō-fuda
* O-kome
* Ō-mamori
* O-miki
* Ō-mikuji
* Ō-nenju
* Ō-nusa
* O-shio
* Ozen
* Saisen
* Sakaki branch
* Sanbo
* Sandō
* Setsumatsusha
* Shaku
* Shide
* Shimenawa
* Shinboku
* Shintai
* Shinzo
* Shuin
* Somin Shorai
* Suzu
* Takarabune
* Tamagaki
* Tamagushi
* Tamaya
* Tomoe
* Tōrō
* Washi
* Yasakani no Magatama
* Yata no Kagami
* Yorishiro

|

Main kami|

* Aizen Myō'ō
* Ajisukitakahikone
* Amanozako
* Amaterasu
* Ame-no-Tajikarao
* Ame-no-Uzume
* Amatsumikaboshi
* Azumi-no-isora
* Benzaiten
* Bishamon
* Daikokuten
* Dōsojin
* Ebisu
* Enma-O
* Fūjin
* Fukurokuju
* Futsunushi
* Hachiman
* Hachimantarō
* Hakudo Maru
* Hoderi
* Hoori
* Hotei
* Inari Ōkami
* Izanagi
* Izanami
* Jurōjin
* Kagu-tsuchi
* Kaguya-hime
* Kisshōten
* Konohanasakuya-hime
* Kōjin
* Kompira
* Konjin
* Kuebiko
* Kukurihime
* Kunado-No-Kami
* Kushinadahime
* Myōjin
* Myōken
* Nakisawame
* Ninigi-no-Mikoto
* Ōkuninushi
* Omoikane
* Ōyamatsumi
* Raijin
* Ryūjin
* Sarutahiko Ōkami
* Shinatsuhiko
* Shinigami
* Suijin
* Susanoo
* Sumiyoshi sanjin
* Ta-no-Kami
* Tamayori-hime
* Takemikazuchi
* Taira no Masakado
* Tenjin
* Toshigami
* Toyotama-hime
* Toyouke-Ōmikami
* Tsukuyomi
* Ugajin
* Ugayafukiaezu
* Uke Mochi
* Watatsumi
* Yama
* Yama-no-Kami

Staff|

* Kannushi
* Miko

Head shrines1|

* Fushimi Inari Taisha
* Usa Hachiman-gū
* Ise Grand Shrine
* Dazaifu Tenman-gū
* Munakata Taisha
* Suwa Taisha
* Hiyoshi Taisha
* Kumano Nachi Taisha
* Tsushima Shrine
* Yasaka Shrine

Miscellaneous|

* A-un
* Glossary of Shinto
* Bunrei
* Futomani
* Harae
* Kagura
* Kanjō
* Kodoku
* Kōshin
* Ko-Shintō
* Kotodama
* Kanjo Nawa
* Junrei
* Meoto Iwa
* Misaki
* Misogi
* Mitama
* Miyamairi
* Norito
* Onmyōdō
* Reikon
* Somin Shorai
* Yakudoshi
* Shinto shrine
* jingū-ji
* Jinja Honchō
* miyadera

1 (in order of the size of the shrine network they head)

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