Kitchen ventilation

Short description: Treatment of air from kitchens

Kitchen ventilation is the branch of ventilation specialising in the treatment of air from kitchens.[1] It addresses the problems of grease, smoke and odours not found in most other ventilation systems.

Restaurant kitchens often use large extractor hoods

Kitchen ventilation equipment includes an extractor hood or canopy, and a filtering system. The system's fan may be located in the kitchen or in its ducts

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Requirements
* 3 Kitchen ventilation design
* 4 Airflow and ventilation rates
* 5 Grease filters
* 6 References

## History

Commercial kitchen ventilation design has evolved significantly since the mid-20th century due to stricter fire codes and workplace safety regulations. The introduction of stainless steel canopies and electrostatic precipitators marked key advancements in reducing airborne contaminants.

## Requirements

An adequate kitchen ventilation system should:

* Remove cooking fumes at the source, i.e. as close as possible to the cooking equipment.
* Remove excess hot air and introduce cool clean air, maintaining a comfortable environment. Inadequate ventilation can cause stress, contributing to unsafe working conditions and high staff turnover.[2]
* Ensure that air movement in the kitchen does not cause discomfort.
* Provide sufficient air for complete combustion at fired appliances, and prevent the risk of carbon monoxide accumulation.
* Be easy to clean (intermittent e.g., manually, or continuously e.g. using ozone) so that fat residues do not accumulate in the hood and ducts and block air inlets, leading to loss of efficiency and increasing fire risk.
* Be quiet and vibration-free.

## Kitchen ventilation design

The design of an effective kitchen ventilation system is determined by:

* The kitchen's workload
* The amount, type and power of cooking equipment
* The kitchen's layout and shape
* The number of kitchen staff
* The need for easy cleaning and maintenance
* Energy efficiency

Hot air from cooking is usually vented externally through a chimney system. When this is not possible, recirculating cooker hoods are used that clean the air and direct it back into the kitchen.

## Airflow and ventilation rates

Kitchen ventilation guidelines are typically based on airflow capacity, measured in cubic feet per minute (CFM). For residential range hoods, the Home Ventilating Institute (HVI) recommends a rate of 100 CFM per linear foot of cooktop width when mounted against a wall, and 150 CFM per linear foot for island installations. In absolute terms, a 30‑inch (2.5 ft) wall-mounted hood should deliver 250–300 CFM, with island hoods requiring approximately 375 CFM for equivalent coverage. [3]

Commercial kitchens require much higher airflow. Broan‑NuTone recommends 100 CFM per 10,000 BTU of stove output, meaning a 50,000 BTU range would need around 500 CFM.[4]

ASHRAE Standard 62.2 also specifies a minimum of 100 CFM** for vent-capture range hoods in residential settings and calls for **5 air changes per hour (ACH) if alternative exhaust methods are used.[5]

Hood capture effectiveness improves with larger hoods and proper positioning—extending 3 inches beyond cooktop edges and mounting at the recommended height (20–30 inches above) ensures effective smoke and grease removal.[6]

## Grease filters

The most common types of grease filters used in professional kitchens are:

* Cyclonic
* TurboSwing

## References

1. ↑ "Ventilation of kitchens in catering establishments". http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/cais10.pdf.
2. ↑ NSW, SafeWork (2021-03-25). "Ventilation at work" (in en-AU). https://www.safework.nsw.gov.au/hazards-a-z/ventilation-at-work.
3. ↑ HVI. “How much ventilation do I need?”
4. ↑ Broan‑NuTone. “Required CFM.”
5. ↑ ASHRAE 62.2 via EnergyCodeAce
6. ↑ The Spruce. “Airflow Guidelines.”

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Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning

Fundamental concepts|

* Air changes per hour
* Bake-out
* Building envelope
* Convection
* Dilution
* Domestic energy consumption
* Enthalpy
* Fluid dynamics
* Gas compressor
* Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
* Heat transfer
* Humidity
* Infiltration
* Latent heat
* Noise control
* Outgassing
* Particulates
* Psychrometrics
* Sensible heat
* Stack effect
* Thermal comfort
* Thermal destratification
* Thermal mass
* Thermodynamics
* Vapour pressure of water

Technology|

* Absorption refrigerator
* Air barrier
* Air conditioning
* Antifreeze
* Automobile air conditioning
* Autonomous building
* Building insulation materials
* Central heating
* Central solar heating
* Chilled beam
* Chilled water
* Constant air volume (CAV)
* Coolant
* Dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS)
* Deep water source cooling
* Demand-controlled ventilation (DCV)
* Displacement ventilation
* District cooling
* District heating
* Electric heating
* Energy recovery ventilation (ERV)
* Firestop
* Forced-air
* Forced-air gas
* Free cooling
* Heat recovery ventilation (HRV)
* Hybrid heat
* Hydronics
* HVAC
* Ice storage air conditioning
* Kitchen ventilation
* Mixed-mode ventilation
* Microgeneration
* Natural ventilation
* Passive cooling
* Passive house
* Radiant heating and cooling system
* Radiant cooling
* Radiant heating
* Radon mitigation
* Refrigeration
* Renewable heat
* Room air distribution
* Solar air heat
* Solar combisystem
* Solar cooling
* Solar heating
* Thermal insulation
* Underfloor air distribution
* Underfloor heating
* Vapor barrier
* Vapor-compression refrigeration (VCRS)
* Variable air volume (VAV)
* Variable refrigerant flow (VRF)
* Ventilation

Components|

* Air conditioner inverter
* Air door
* Air filter
* Air handler
* Air ionizer
* Air-mixing plenum
* Air purifier
* Air source heat pumps
* Automatic balancing valve
* Back boiler
* Barrier pipe
* Blast damper
* Boiler
* Centrifugal fan
* Ceramic heater
* Chiller
* Condensate pump
* Condenser
* Condensing boiler
* Convection heater
* Compressor
* Cooling tower
* Damper
* Dehumidifier
* Duct
* Economizer
* Electrostatic precipitator
* Evaporative cooler
* Evaporator
* Exhaust hood
* Expansion tank
* Fan coil unit
* Fan filter unit
* Fan heater
* Fire damper
* Fireplace
* Fireplace insert
* Freeze stat
* Flue
* Freon
* Fume hood
* Furnace
* Furnace room
* Gas compressor
* Gas heater
* Gasoline heater
* Geothermal heat pump
* Grease duct
* Grille
* Ground-coupled heat exchanger
* Heat exchanger
* Heat pipe
* Heat pump
* Heating film
* Heating system
* High efficiency glandless circulating pump
* High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)
* High pressure cut off switch
* Humidifier
* Infrared heater
* Inverter compressor
* Kerosene heater
* Louver
* Mechanical fan
* Mechanical room
* Oil heater
* Packaged terminal air conditioner
* Plenum space
* Pressurisation ductwork
* Process duct work
* Radiator
* Radiator reflector
* Recuperator
* Refrigerant
* Register
* Reversing valve
* Run-around coil
* Scroll compressor
* Solar chimney
* Solar-assisted heat pump
* Space heater
* Smoke exhaust ductwork
* Thermal expansion valve
* Thermal wheel
* Thermosiphon
* Thermostatic radiator valve
* Trickle vent
* Trombe wall
* Turning vanes
* Ultra-low particulate air (ULPA)
* Whole-house fan
* Windcatcher
* Wood-burning stove

Measurement
and control|

* Air flow meter
* Aquastat
* BACnet
* Blower door
* Building automation
* Carbon dioxide sensor
* Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR)
* Gas sensor
* Home energy monitor
* Humidistat
* HVAC control system
* Intelligent buildings
* LonWorks
* Minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV)
* OpenTherm
* Programmable communicating thermostat
* Programmable thermostat
* Psychrometrics
* Room temperature
* Smart thermostat
* Thermostat
* Thermostatic radiator valve

Professions, trades,
and services|

* Architectural acoustics
* Architectural engineering
* Architectural technologist
* Building services engineering
* Building information modeling (BIM)
* Deep energy retrofit
* Duct leakage testing
* Environmental engineering
* Hydronic balancing
* Kitchen exhaust cleaning
* Mechanical engineering
* Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
* Mold growth, assessment, and remediation
* Refrigerant reclamation
* Testing, adjusting, balancing

Industry organizations|

* ACCA
* AHRI
* AMCA
* ASHRAE
* ASTM International
* BRE
* BSRIA
* CIBSE
* Institute of Refrigeration
* IIR
* LEED
* SMACNA

Health and safety|

* Indoor air quality (IAQ)
* Passive smoking
* Sick building syndrome (SBS)
* Volatile organic compound (VOC)

See also|

* ASHRAE Handbook
* Building science
* Fireproofing
* Glossary of HVAC terms
* World Refrigeration Day

* Template:Home automation
* Template:Solar energy

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