List of electric aircraft

Short description: None

This is a list of electric aircraft, whose primary flight power is electrical.

! Type !! Country !! Class !! Power Source !! Role !! Date !! Status ! Notes |- | ΦNIX || Czech republic || Propeller || Battery || Two-seat airplane || 2018 || Project | Testing and preparing serial production.[1][2] |- | AC Propulsion SoLong || US || UAV || Solar || || 2005 || | First around-the-clock flight, at night using energy stored in batteries.[3][4] |- | Aerovironment Bionic Bat || US || Propeller || Hybrid || Experimental || 1984 || Prototype | [5] |- | AgustaWestland Project Zero || Italy || UAV || Cable || Experimental || 2011 || Prototype | First large-scale all-electric tilt-rotor.[6] |- | AirCar || US & TR || Propeller || Battery || Private || 2018 || Prototype |Electric flying car[7] |- | Air Energy AE-1 Silent || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || || 1998 || Production | |- | Airbus A³ Vahana ||US || Propeller || Battery ||Experimental|| 2018 || Prototype | [8] |- | Airbus E-Fan ||France || Propeller || Battery ||Trainer|| 2014 ||Cancelled | Co-developed with Aero Composite Saintonge.[9] |- | Eviation Alice || Israel || Propeller || Battery || Commercial || 2022 || Testing || 2 pilot + 9 passenger, 444 km/h cruise and 1,367 km range [10] |- | Alisport Silent Club || Italy || Motor glider || Battery || || || Production | First production electric aircraft.[11][citation needed] |- | APEV Pouchelec || France || Propeller || Battery || || 2009 || Prototype | Development of the Pouchel Light.[12][13] |- | APEV Demoichelle || France || || Battery || || 2010 || Prototype | Development of the Demoichelle.[14] The Demoichelle Flew in Le Bourget for the 2010 Paris electric aeroplanes airshow.[15] |- | AstroFlight Sunrise || US || UAV || Solar || Experimental || 1975 || Prototype | First solar-powered flight. The improved Sunrise II flew in 1975.[16][17][18] |- | Aura Aero ERA || France || Propeller || Hybrid || Airliner || 2021 || Project | [19] |- | Aura Aero Integral || France || Propeller || Battery || Trainer || 2021 || Project | [20] |- | Beta AVA || US || Propeller || Battery || Commercial || 2019 || Prototype | Testing and preparing serial production.[21] |- | Boeing Fuel Cell Demonstrator (FCD) || US || Motor glider || Fuel cell || Experimental || 2008 || Prototype | Modified Diamond HK-36 Super Dimona.[22][23] |- | Bye Aerospace Sun Flyer 2 || US ||Propeller||Battery|| Two-seat trainer || 2016 || Project | [24] |- | Bye Aerospace Sun Flyer 4 || US ||Propeller||Battery|| Four-seat touring aircraft || 2018 || Project | [25][26] |- | Cessna 172 electric || US || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2010 || Demonstrator only|| [27][28] On 19 October 2012 Beyond Aviation announced that it had flown an electric Cessna 172 Skyhawk.[29] |- | Cessna 208 eCaravan || US || Propeller || Battery || Utility|| 2020 || Prototype |Currently undergoing testing prior to certification.[30] |- | CityAirbus || Multinational || Propeller || Battery || Utility|| 2019 || Prototype | | |- | CityAirbus NextGen || Multinational || Propeller || Battery || Utility|| 2021 || Prototype | | |- | DigiSky SkySpark || || || Fuel cell || || || | Converted Alpi Pioneer 300.[31][32] |- | Dufour Aerospace aEro 1 || Switzerland || Propeller || Battery || Aerobatic || 2016 || Prototype | Converted Silence Twister.[33] |- | e-Genius || Germany || || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Prototype | [34][35][36] |- | EADS Green Cri-Cri || || || Battery || Experimental || 2010 || Prototype | Converted Colomban Cri-cri.[37][38] |- | Electric Aircraft Corporation ElectraFlyer Trike || US || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2007 || Production | Ultralight. First commercial offering of an electric aircraft.[39][40][citation needed] |- | Electric Aircraft Corporation ElectraFlyer-C || US || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2008 || Production | Converted Monnett Moni motor glider.[41] |- | Electric Visionary Aircraft || France || Ducted fan || Battery || Private || 2017 || Prototype || two-seater vertical take-off and landing air taxi prototype[42][43] |- | Electravia E-Fenix || France || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2001 || Prototype | [44] |- | Electravia ElectroLight2 || France || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2001 || Production | [45][46] |- | Electravia BL1E Electra || France || Propeller || Battery || || 2007 || | [47][48] First registered aircraft in the world powered by electric engine and with batteries.[citation needed] |- | Electravia Electro Trike || France || Motor glider || Battery || || 2008 || | [49] |- | AutoGyro GmbH eCavalon || Germany || Rotorcraft || Battery || Experimental || 2013 || Prototype |- | ENFICA-FC || || Propeller || Fuel cell || Experimental || || Prototype | Converted Rapid 200FC.[50] |- | eUP Aviation Green1 || Canada || Motor glider || Battery || || 2012 || Production | [51] |- | Flightstar e-Spyder || || Propeller || Battery || || 2009 || | Converted Flightstar Sportstar Spyder. Also offered as the Greenwing GW280 and Yuneec eSpyder.[52] |- | MC15E Cri-Cri || || Propeller || Battery || || 2010 || | [53] |- | Icaro 2000 Trike || || Motor glider || Battery || Private || || Production | [54] |- | Joby Aviation S4 ||US || Propeller || Battery ||Experimental|| 2017 ||Prototype | [55] |- | La France || France || Airship || Battery || Experimental || 1884 || Prototype | [56] |- | LAK-17B FES Self-Launch (mini) || Lithuania || Glider || Battery || Commercial || 2020|| Production | Electric self-launching glider. Aircraft sold since 2016 under temporary Airworthiness Certification (and self-launching not allowed). Full certification obtained in December 2020. Self-launching is now possible, making it a full electric engine with lithium-battery powered aircraft.[57] |- | Lange Antares 20E || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || Experimental || 2003 || Production | [58][59] First electric aircraft to obtain a certificate of airworthiness.[citation needed] |- | Lange Antares 23E || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || Experimental || 2012 || Production |- | Lange LF 20 || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || Experimental || 1999 || Prototype | Modified DG800.[60] |- | Lilium Jet || Germany || Ducted fan || Battery || Private || 2017 || Prototype || two-seater (5 planned from 2025) vertical take-off and landing air taxi prototype[61][62] |- | Luxembourg Special Aerotechnics MC30E || || || Battery || Experimental || 2012 || Prototype | [63][64] |- | MacCready Gossamer Penguin || US || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1980 || Prototype | Flown for press demonstration at Muroc Dry Lake (NASA Dryden flight research center adjacent to Edwards Air Force base.)[65] |- | MacCready Solar Challenger || US || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1981 || Prototype | Flew 262 km (163 mi) from Paris to England.[66] |- | Matsushita / Tokyo Institute of Technology aircraft || Japan || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2006 || Prototype | Powered by 160 AA battery cells.[67] |- | Mauro Solar Riser || || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1979 || Prototype | First manned, solar-powered airplane. Based on the UFM Easy Riser. Solar cells charged battery for flight.[68] |- | Militky MB-E1 || West Germany || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 1973 || Prototype | First manned airplane to fly solely on electric power.[69] |- | MIT Monarch || US || Propeller || Hybrid || Experimental || || Prototype | Batteries charged by human power.[70] Followed by the MIT Monarch 2. |- | NASA Centurion || US || UAV || Solar || Experimental || || Prototype | |- | NASA Helios || US || UAV || Battery || Experimental || 1999 || Prototype | |- | NASA Pathfinder || US || UAV || Solar || Experimental || 1993 || Prototype | Developed by AeroVironment, Inc from the HALSOL prototype.[71][72] Pathfinder Plus had increased span. |- | NASA Puffin || US || Personal air vehicle || Battery || Experimental || 2010 || Project | [73] |- | NASA X-57 Maxwell || US || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2016 || Project | Modified Tecnam P2006T.[74][75] |- | New Concept Aircraft (Zhuhai) Green Pioneer Ι || China || || Solar || Experimental || 2002 || Prototype | [76][77] |- | Opener BlackFly || United States || Propeller || Battery || Production ultralight || 2011 || Under development | [78] |- | PC-Aero Elektra One || Germany || Propeller || Solar || || 2011 || Project | [79] |- | Petróczy-Kármán-Žurovec PKZ-1 || Hungary || Rotorcraft || Cable || Observation || 1917 || Prototype | Tethered to the ground. |- | Phoenix U-14 Electra || Czech republic || Propeller || Battery || Two-seat airplane || 2011 || Prototype | |- | Pipistrel Alpha Electro || Slovenia || Light Sport Aircraft || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Production | Electric version of the Pipistrel Alpha Trainer. |- | Pipistrel Taurus Electro G2 || Slovenia || Motor glider || Battery || Private || 2011 || Production | |- | Pipistrel Taurus G4 || Slovenia || Motor glider || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Prototype | Twin fuselage. The G4 won the NASA Green Flight Challenge in 2011.[80][81][82] |- | Pipistrel Velis Electro || Slovenia || Propeller || Battery || Trainer aircraft || 2020 || type certified | based on the Pipistrel Virus |- | Pipistrel WATTsUP || Slovenia || Proof-of-concept trainer || Battery || Experimental || 2014 || Prototype | Led to the Pipistrel Alpha Electro. |- | QinetiQ Zephyr || UK || UAV || Solar || Patrol || 2008 || Prototype | The 2010 redesign holds the UAV endurance record of over 2 weeks (336 hours).[83][84] |- | Rolls-Royce ACCEL || UK || Propeller || Battery || Racer || 2021 || One-off || |- | Schempp-Hirth Discus-2c FES || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || || 2015 || Production |- | Schempp-Hirth Ventus-2cxa FES || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || || 2014 || Production |- | Schempp-Hirth Arcus-E || Germany || Motor glider || Battery || || 2010 || Production | [85] |- | Siemens-FlyEco Magnus eFusion || Germany-Hungary || Propeller || Hybrid diesel-electric || || 2018 || Under development for production | [86] |- | Soaring || China || || Solar || || 1992 || | [87][88] |- | Solair 1 || || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1983 || | Developed from a Farner canard design.[89][90] The Solair II flew 1998.[90] |- | Solar Impulse || || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 2009 || Prototype | [91] |- | Solar Impulse 2 || || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 2015 || Prototype |First round-the-world trip by an electric aircraft.[citation needed] |- | Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments Solar One || UK || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1979 || Prototype | Solar cells charged battery for flight.[92][93][94] |- | SolarStratos || || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 2017 || Prototype |First flight in 2017.[citation needed] |- | Solution F/Chretien Helicopter || || Rotorcraft || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Prototype | First free-flying manned electric helicopter.[95][96] |- | Sonex Electric Sport Aircraft || || Propeller || Battery || || 2010 || Production | [97][98] |- | SORA-e || Brazil || Propeller || Battery || Experimental || 2015 || Prototype | [99][100] |- | Stuttgart University Icaré II || Germany || || Solar || || 1996 || | [101] |- | Sunseeker I || US || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 1990 || Prototype | [102] The Sunseeker II was built in 2002. |- | Sunseeker Duo|| US || Propeller || Solar || Experimental || 2013 || Prototype | [103][104] |- | Tier1 electric Robinson R44 || US || Rotorcraft || Battery || Experimental || 2016 || Prototype | [105][106][107] |- | Tissandier || France || Airship || Battery || Experimental || 1883 || Prototype |- | Ultraflight Lazair Electric || || || Battery || Experimental || 2011 || Prototype | [108] |- | Volta Volare GT4 || || || Hybrid || || 2012 || Project | Diesel-electric hybrid.[109] |- | Yuneec International E430 || China || Propeller || Battery || Private || 2009 || Production | Homebuilt aircraft.[110][111] |- | smartflyer SFX1 || Switzerland || Propeller || Serial Hybrid || 4 seater, Proof of Concept || 2021 || Production | [112] |- |}

## References

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2. ↑ "Czech aircraft: 100 years at the forefront of history". ctk.cz. 2018-06-22. https://www.ceskenoviny.cz/.filedefault/1531648601_FINISH_Letci_AJ_NA769HLED.pdf.
3. ↑ Impulse, Solar. "Solar Impulse Foundation: 1000 profitable solutions for the environment". https://solarimpulse.com/.
4. ↑ Solar Plane Breaks Two-Night Flight Barrier Renewable Energy World, July 5, 2005
5. ↑ Bionic Bat - Stored energy human powered aircraft M. Cowley, AeroVironment, Inc., Simi Valley, CA; W. Morgan, AeroVironment, Inc., Simi Valley, CA; P. MacCready, AeroVironment, Inc., Monrovia, CA Chapter DOI: 10.2514/6.1985-1447 Publication Date: 8 July 1985 - 11 July 1985
6. ↑ "AHS - Sample Vertiflite article: Project Zero". Vtol.org. 2013-03-04. https://vtol.org/publications/vertiflite-magazine/project-zero.
7. ↑ "AirCar". May 2, 2019. https://evtol.news/aircraft/aircar/.
8. ↑ "A Celebratory, Bittersweet Moment: Vahana's Final Flight". Airbus. 19 Dec 2019. https://acubed.airbus.com/projects/vahana/.
9. ↑ Bertorelli, Paul (2014-04-24). "Airbus Announces Electric Aircraft". Avweb. http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Airbus-Announces-Electric-Aircraft221922-1.html.
10. ↑ "'World's first' fully-electric plane unveiled by Israeli company" (in en). http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/264912.
11. ↑ AliSport (n.d.). "Silent Club > Electric Self-launch Sailplane". http://www.alisport.com/eu/eng/silent_b.htm.
12. ↑ Bayerl, Robby; Martin Berkemeier; et al.: World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011-12, page 93. WDLA UK, Lancaster UK, 2011. ISSN 1368-485X
13. ↑ APEV (n.d.). "The Pouchelec, the electric Pouchel". http://www.pouchel.com/english/index_eng.php?p=elec_eng.html.
14. ↑ APEV (n.d.). "The Demoichellec, the electric Demoichelle". http://www.pouchel.com/english/index_eng.php?p=elec_eng.html.
15. ↑ Aerobuzz (July 2010). "Le vol de la Demoichelle au Bourget". https://www.aerobuzz.fr/industrie/le-vol-de-la-demoichelle-au/.
16. ↑ Newcome, Laurence R. (2004). Unmanned aviation: a brief history of unmanned aerial vehicles. https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1563476444. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
17. ↑ Curry, Marty (March 2008). "Solar-Power Research and Dryden". http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/news/FactSheets/FS-054-DFRC.html.
18. ↑ Boucher, Roland (n.d.). "Project Sunrise". http://www.projectsunrise.info/First_Solar_Powered_Aircraft.html.
19. ↑ Charles Bremner (27 March 2021). "French electric airliner will take to the skies in five years". https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/aura-aero-electric-planes-np2362l2f.
20. ↑ "Aura Aero signs an agreement with Verkor". 8 March 2021. https://www.aero-mag.com/aura-aero-signs-an-agreement-with-verkor/.
21. ↑ Elan Head (2019-02-07). "Behind the controls of an eVTOL aircraft: A test pilot's perspective". Vermont: Vertical Mag. https://www.verticalmag.com/news/evtol-test-pilot-perspective/.
22. ↑ David Robertson (2008-04-03). "Boeing tests first hydrogen powered plane". The Times (London). http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/transport/article3675188.ece.
23. ↑ Niles, Russ (April 2008). "Boeing Flies Fuel Cell Aircraft". http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/BoeingFliesFuelCellAircraft_197531-1.html.
24. ↑ "Sun Flyer Proof-Of-Concept Model Rolls Out". avweb.com. 11 May 2016. http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Sun-Flyer-Proof-Of-Concept-Model-Rolls-Out-226225-1.html.
25. ↑ Huber, Mark (26 July 2017). "Electric Sun Flyer Plans Fall First Flight". AIN Online. https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/general-aviation/2017-07-26/electric-sun-flyer-plans-fall-first-flight.
26. ↑ Cobb, Alyssa J. (24 July 2017). "Four-Seat Sun Flyer in the Works". AOPA. https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2017/july/24/four-seat-sun-flyer-in-the-works.
27. ↑ Grady, Mary (October 2010). "Electric 172 May Fly Early Next Year". AvWeb. http://www.avweb.com/news/nbaa/NBAA2010_Electric172MayFlyEarlyNextYear_203463-1.html.
28. ↑ "Bye Energy - The Green Flight Project". http://www.byeenergy.com/pages/green-flight-main.html.
29. ↑ "Electric Cessna Makes Multiple Flights on Lithium Batteries". Evworld.Com. 2012-10-19. http://evworld.com/news.cfm?newsid=28964.
30. ↑ Jon Hemmerdinger (29 May 2020). "All-electric Grand Caravan makes maiden flight". Flightglobal. https://www.flightglobal.com/airframers/all-electric-grand-caravan-makes-maiden-flight/138600.article.
31. ↑ Grady, Mary (June 2009). "Italian Electric Airplane Reaches 155 MPH". http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/ItalianElectricAirplaneReaches155mph_200577-1.html.
32. ↑ DigiSky Srl (June 2009). "250 km/h: 100% eco-friendly aircraft sets world record". http://www.skyspark.eu/web/eng/index.php.
33. ↑ "Hamilton aEro 1". October 15, 2016. https://dufour.aero/hamilton-aero-1/.
34. ↑ Warwick, Graham (June 2011). "All-Electric e-Genius Gets Airborne". Aviation Week & Space Technology. http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/aviation_week/on_space_and_technology/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&plckPostId=Blog:a68cb417-3364-4fbf-a9dd-4feda680ec9cPost:8b750b91-f83c-4906-a157-f29502365d2a.
35. ↑ Sigler, Dan (May 2011). "Ingenious e-Genius". CAFE Foundation. http://blog.cafefoundation.org/?p=3417.
36. ↑ Pew, Glenn (July 2011). "Electric Aircraft Outbreak, Speed Or Distance". AVweb. http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/electric_aircraft_speed_distance_cafe_flight_challenge_204937-1.html.
37. ↑ Grady, Mary (June 2010). "EADS Unveils Electric, Aerobatic, Four-Engine Airplane". http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/EADSUnveilsElectricAerobaticFourEngineAirplane_202805-1.html.
38. ↑ Grady, Mary (September 2010). "First Flight For Four-Engine Electric Airplane". http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/FirstFlightForFourEngineElectricAirplane_203258-1.html.
39. ↑ Grady, Mary (April 2008). "Electraflyer Flies Trike, Motorglider On Battery Power". http://www.avweb.com/news/snf/SunNFun2008_Electraflyer_TrikeMotorglider_BatteryPower_197632-1.html.
40. ↑ Electric Aircraft Corporation (2007). "ElectraFlyer Technical details". http://www.electraflyer.com/tech.html.
41. ↑ Pew, Glenn (June 2008). "Electric Power For Experimentals, Perhaps LSA's". http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/electric_airplane_randall_fishman_198151-1.html.
42. ↑ [1] 21 April 2017
43. ↑ [2] 20 Dec 2018
44. ↑ "E-Fenix, the Two-Seater Trike". http://blog.cafefoundation.org/?p=3356.
45. ↑ ELECTRAVIA. "ELECTRAVIA : ElectroLight2 electric motorglider". electravia.fr. http://www.electravia.fr/Elight2Eng.php.
46. ↑ "ElectroLight2 Helps Vintage Gliders Motor Aloft". EAA. January 12, 2012. http://www.eaa.org/news/2012/2012-01-12_electrolight2.asp.
47. ↑ Pew, Pew (December 2007). "APAME Announces Electric Flight". http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/APAMEAnnouncesElectricFlight_196847-1.html.
48. ↑ APAME (December 2007). "Worldwide premiere: first aircraft flight with electrical engine". http://www.apame.eu/AA Projects.html.
49. ↑ "Test Flug mit dem ElectroTrike". http://www.electravia.fr/Presse/dluv_article.pdf.
50. ↑ Politecnico di Torino. "ENFICA-FC - ENvironmentally Friendly Inter City Aircraft powered by Fuel Cells". polito.it. http://www.enfica-fc.polito.it.
51. ↑ eUP Aviation (9 December 2012), Canada's First Electric Aircraft Flight, retrieved 10 December 2012
52. ↑ Nantes, Axelles. "Citel". https://www.evhangar.com/aircraft/production-aircraft/espyder/.
53. ↑ "Electric Cri-Cri Breaks Own World Electric Speed Record". http://www.eaa.org/news/2011/2011-06-27_cri-cri.asp.
54. ↑ Icaro 2000 srl (n.d.). "Icaro 200 Trike". http://icaro2000.com/Products/Trike/Trike.htm.
55. ↑ "eVTOL News Joby Aviation". n.d.. http://evtol.news/aircraft/joby-aviation/.
56. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `ADS1884`
57. ↑ EASA Type Certificatie and data Sheet of the LAK-17 (PDF- all variants)
58. ↑ 06.09.2011: SWR.de The Research Aircraft Antares DLR H2 and Antares H3
59. ↑ Lange Aviation GmBH (2009). "Lange Aviation News". http://www.lange-aviation.com/htm/english/news/news.html.
60. ↑ Lange Flugzeugbau (n.d.). "Propulsion". http://lange-aviation.com/htm/english/products/antares_20e/propulsion.html.
61. ↑ Electric flying taxi by Lilium successfully completes its first voyage (dezeen.com) 21 April 2017
62. ↑ Watch this all-electric ‘flying car’ take its first test flight in Germany (theverge.com) 20 April 2017
63. ↑ ELECTRAVIA. "ELECTRAVIA : avion à moteur électrique Luciole MC30E". electravia.fr. http://www.electravia.fr/mc30e.php.
64. ↑ "Microlights". Fai.org. http://www.fai.org/record-microlights.
65. ↑ "Albatross ECN-13413: Solar-powered Gossamer Penguin in flight". https://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Gallery/Photo/Albatross/HTML/ECN-13413.html.
66. ↑ Goebel, Greg (January 2009). "SOLAR-POWERED UAVS: HALSOL & SOLAR HAPP". http://www.vectorsite.net/twuav_12.html#m3.
67. ↑ Battery-Powered Plane "World's First Manned Flight on Dry Cell Batteries"
68. ↑ Experimental Aircraft Association, Inc. (2008). "UFM/MAURO SOLAR RISER". http://www.airventuremuseum.org/collection/aircraft/UFM-Mauro Solar Riser.asp.
69. ↑ Taylor, John W R (1974). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1974-75. London: Jane's Yearbooks. p. 573. ISBN 0-354-00502-2.
70. ↑ John Langford, A human powered speed aircraft using electrical energy storage . Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT, 1984
71. ↑ "NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: Helios Prototype". NASA. 13 August 2015. http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/news/FactSheets/FS-068-DFRC.html.
72. ↑ "None". http://www.vectorsite.net/twuav_12.html.
73. ↑ NASA's Puffin Is a Stealthy, Personal Tilt-Rotor Aircraft, Clay Dillow, Popular Science, 2010-01-19.
74. ↑ Grady, Mary (18 March 2015). "NASA's Electric Airplane Project Moves Forward". avweb.com. http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/NASAs-Electric-Airplane-Project-Moves-Forward-223711-1.html.
75. ↑ Beutel, Allard (2016-06-17). "NASA Electric Research Plane Gets X Number, New Name". http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-electric-research-plane-gets-x-number-new-name.
76. ↑ China People Website, "Green Pioneer" fills in the gaps in China, http://www.people.com.cn/GB/kejiao/42/153/20021107/860761.html
77. ↑ China <Science and Technology Daily>, Question: how far does the solar-powered aircraft fly in the end?, http://www.stdaily.com/oldweb/gb/dengxiaoping/2005-12/06/content_463353.htm
78. ↑ O'Connor, Kate (12 July 2018). "Opener Reveals Ultralight eVTOL". AVweb. https://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Opener-Reveals-Ultralight-eVTOL-231121-1.html.
79. ↑ Battery powered plane gets a test flight - Elektra One - D-MELN. 17 April 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2015 - via YouTube.
80. ↑ Pew, Glenn (July 2011). "Taurus G4 Aims For 400 Passenger Miles Per Gallon". AVweb. http://www.avweb.com/news/airventure/pipistrel_taurus_g4_electro_gallon_efficiency_205065-1.html.
81. ↑ Niles, Russ (August 2011). "Four-Place Electric Airplane Flies". AVweb. http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Four_Place_Electric_Airplane_Flies_205220-1.html.
82. ↑ Grady, Mary (September 2011). "NASA Awards $1.35 Million For Efficient Flight". AVweb. http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/NASAAwards1MillionForEfficientFlight_205498-1.html.
83. ↑ Amos, Jonathan (2010-07-23). "'Eternal plane' returns to Earth". BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-10733998. "touched down at 1504 BST ... on Friday ... took off ... at 1440 BST (0640 local time) on Friday, 9 July"
84. ↑ QinetiQ Group PLC (n.d.). "Zephyr - QinetiQ High-Altitude Long-Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)". http://www.qinetiq.com/home/products/zephyr.html.
85. ↑ SHK. "World premiere! The ARCUS-E - the worlds first serial built two seat sailplane with Electric engine takes off with clean, CO2 free, energy.". schempp-hirth.com. http://www.schempp-hirth.com/index.php?id=126&L=1&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=373&tx_ttnews[backPid]=87&cHash=8a5d51d766.
86. ↑ Baker, Jason (2 April 2018). "Aero: Siemens And FlyEco Show Off Hybrid". AVweb. https://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Aero-Siemens-and-FlyEco-Show-Off-Hybrid-230712-1.html.
87. ↑ People's Daily (Overseas Edition), Soarer Dr H.Y.L http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2007-04/06/content_12683008.htm
88. ↑ China invent sky website, Private enterprises manufacturing the unmanned solar aircraft, "民企激情制造太阳能无人飞机". http://www.inventsky.net/invent_text/0481.asp.
89. ↑ Noth, André (July 2008). "History of Solar Flight". Autonomous Systems Lab. Zürich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. p. 3. http://www.asl.ethz.ch/research/asl/skysailor/History_of_Solar_Flight.pdf. "Günter Rochelt was the designer and builder of Solair I, a 16 m wingspan solar airplane ... 21st of August 1983 he flew in Solair I, mostly on solar energy and also thermals, during 5 hours 41 minutes."
90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 Khammas, Achmed A. W. (2007). "Elektro- und Solarflugzeuge (1960 - 1996)" (in de). Buch der Synergie. http://www.buch-der-synergie.de/c_neu_html/c_11_15_mobile_anwendungen_elektroflugzeuge_1.htm. "exakt 2.499 Solarzellen ausgestattet, die eine Leistung von 2,2 kW"
91. ↑ "Record solar plane's first 'hop'". BBC News. 3 December 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8393688.stm.
92. ↑ AIAA/SAE/ASME 20th Joint Propulsion Conference (1984). "AIAA paper 84-1429". http://www.astroflight.com/pdfs/SolarHistory.pdf.
93. ↑ Solar Challenger (1980). "Solar Challenger". http://library.propdesigner.co.uk/solar_challenger.pdf.
94. ↑ Flightglobal Archive (1979). "UK's first solar aircraft takes off". http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1979/1979 - 2438.html.
95. ↑ "Challenges of Aircraft Hybridization". IDTechEx. http://www.idtechex.com/events/presentations/challenges-of-aircraft-hybridization-003998.asp.
96. ↑ "Vertiflite, March/April 2012 - AHS Online Store". Vtol.org. https://vtol.org/store/product/vertiflite-marchapril-2012-6058.cfm.
97. ↑ Sonex Aircraft (July 2007). "Sonex Aircraft, LLC and AeroConversions Unveil E-Flight Initiative for Sport Aircraft Alternative Energy Research & Development". http://www.sonexaircraft.com/press/releases/pr_072407.html.
98. ↑ Pew, Glenn (December 2010). "Sonex Flies Electric Airplane". AvWeb. http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/sonex_waiex_electric_motor_aircraft_first_flight_203741-1.html.
99. ↑ "G1 - Avião elétrico brasileiro faz voo inaugural na Usina de Itaipu; vídeo - notícias em Oeste e Sudoeste". Oeste e Sudoeste. 23 June 2015. http://g1.globo.com/pr/oeste-sudoeste/noticia/2015/06/aviao-eletrico-brasileiro-faz-voo-inaugural-na-usina-de-itaipu-video.html.
100. ↑ SORA-e: A carbon fiber-made electric powered aircraft, The Economic Times (India) (retrieved 18 May 2016)
101. ↑ Institut für Flugzeugbau (November 2009). "Icaré this year was in top form.". http://www.ifb.uni-stuttgart.de/en/forschung/flugzeugentwurf/icare.
102. ↑ Moore, Bill (June 2004). "Sunseeker Seeks New Records". http://www.evworld.com/article.cfm?storyid=709.
103. ↑ "Electric Airplane Makes Major Advancements". 22 April 2014. http://www.flyingmag.com/aircraft/lsasport/electric-airplane-makes-major-advancements.
104. ↑ "first two seat solar powered aircraft". http://www.solar-flight.com/projects/sunseeker-duo/.
105. ↑ Grady, Mary (October 17, 2016). "First Flight For Battery-Powered Helicopter". AVweb.com. http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/First-Flight-For-Battery-Powered-Helicopter-227134-1.html.
106. ↑ Bradley Zint (October 7, 2016). "Costa Mesa firm tests first manned battery-powered chopper". LA Times. http://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/news/tn-dpt-me-tier-one-helicopter-20161007-story.html.
107. ↑ "Watch the World's First Manned Battery-Powered Helicopter Fly". Fortune. October 31, 2016. http://fortune.com/2016/10/31/electric-helicopter-test-flight/.
108. ↑ Sigler, Dean: Dale Kramer and his electric Lazair, Kitplanes, Volume 28, Number 12, December 2011, pages 31-35. Belvoir Publications. ISSN 0891-1851
109. ↑ Fletcher, Seth (2012-04-30). "Inside The First Production-Ready Electric Airplane". Popular Science. http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2012-04/inside-first-production-ready-electric-airplane.
110. ↑ Grady, Mary (June 2009). "Electric Aviation Moves Forward". http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/ElectricAviationMovesForward_200609-1.html.
111. ↑ Grady, Mary (July 2009). "Electric Flight Update: Flightstar Ultralight First Flight, Yuneec Starts U.S. Flight Testing". http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/FlightstarUltralightFirstFlightYuneecStartsUSFlightTesting_200774-1.html.
112. ↑ "DUBAI: Switzerland's Smartflyer seeks funding for hybrid-electric SFX1". https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/dubai-switzerlands-smartflyer-seeks-funding-for-hy-462363/.

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