List of ironclads

Short description: None

The list of ironclads includes all steam-propelled warship (supplemented with sails in various cases) and protected by iron or steel armor plates that were built in the early part of the second half of the 19th century, between 1859 and the early 1890s. The list is arranged alphabetically by country. The initial dates of the boats correspond to the launch time, followed by a separation that indicates their retirement or final date.

The list includes ironclads of two different categories or roles, oceanic and coastal (the latter may be floating batteries, monitors and coastal defence ships). The various ironclads design such as the ram, broadside, central battery (or casemate), turret and barbette will be mentioned.[upper-alpha 1] Some of these ocean ironclads can be classified as armored frigates, armored corvettes, or others based on their displacement. Wooden hull ships that have been subsequently armored will also be considered in this list.

Although the introduction of the ironclad is clear-cut, the boundary between 'ironclad' and the later 'pre-dreadnought battleship' is less obvious, as the characteristics of the pre-dreadnought evolved from 1875 to 1895. For the sake of this article, a line is drawn around 1890, differing from country to country.

## Contents

* 1 Americas
* 1.1 Argentina
* 1.2 Brazil
* 1.3 Chile
* 1.4 Haiti
* 1.5 Peru
* 1.6 United States
* 2 Asia
* 2.1 China
* 2.2 Japan
* 2.3 Ottoman Empire
* 2.4 Siam
* 3 Europe
* 3.1 Austria-Hungary
* 3.2 Denmark
* 3.3 France
* 3.4 Germany
* 3.5 Greece
* 3.6 Italy
* 3.7 Netherlands
* 3.8 Norway
* 3.9 Portugal
* 3.10 Russia
* 3.11 Spain
* 3.12 Sweden
* 3.13 United Kingdom
* 4 See also
* 5 Notes
* 6 References
* 7 Bibliography

## Americas

### Argentina

The Argentine Almirante Brown (1880) was the first ironclad built entirely of steel (until then it was made of iron).[1]

Monitors

* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* missing name (1874) - retired in 1927
* missing name (1875) - retired in 1928

Central battery ironclad

* missing name (1880) - retired in 1932

Coastal defence ships

* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* missing name (1891) - retired in 1946
* missing name (1892) - retired in 1946

### Brazil

Central battery ironclads (or casemate)

* missing name (1864) - retired in 1879
* missing name (1865) - retired in 1879
* missing name (1865) - retired in 1882
* missing name (1866) - sunk by floating mines ('torpedoes') in the River Paraguay in 1866, during Paraguayan War
* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* missing name (1865) - stricken in 1897
* missing name (1865) - stricken in 1885
* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* missing name (1866) - stricken in 1885
* missing name (1866) - stricken in 1885
* missing name (1874) - sunk after fire, during Fleet Revolt of 1893–94

The Brazilian Riachuelo (1883).

Monitors

* missing name (1865) - struck in 1894
* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* missing name (1867) - discarded in 1884
* missing name (1867) - scrapped in 1907
* missing name (1867) - scrapped in 1900
* missing name (1868) - scrapped in 1893
* missing name (1868) - scrapped in 1884
* missing name (1868) - sank in 1882 at her moorings due to the poor condition of her hull
* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* missing name (1874) - sunk in Battle on 22 November 1893, during Fleet Revolt of 1893–94
* missing name (1875) - it was wrecked in 1892 near the Cabo Polonio lighthouse in Uruguay

Ironclads turret ship

* missing name (1865) - struck in 1894
* missing name (1865) - struck in 1880
* missing name (1883) - retired in 1910
* missing name (1885) - sank after an explosion during a routine cruise in 1906

### Chile

The Chilean Blanco Encalada (1875) was the first ironclad warship sunk by a self-propelled torpedo in 1891.[2]

Central battery armored frigates

* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* missing name (1874) - alienated in 1933
* missing name (1875) - sunk in 1891 in the Battle of Caldera Bay, during Chilean Civil War of 1891

Ironclad turret ship

* missing name* (1865, ex Peruvian ship) - captured in the Battle of Angamos in 1879 during War of the Pacific, retired in 1896 and turned into a historical relic in 1934

### Haiti

Casemate ironclad

* Triumph (1861, ex British merchant Fingal and then  missing name) - lost at sea in 1869 shortly after the purchase

### Peru

Monitors

* missing name (1864) - unknown ending
* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* Atahualpa (1864, ex  missing name) - acquired in 1868 and sunk in the Blockade of Callao in 1881, during War of the Pacific
* Manco Cápac (1864, ex  missing name) - acquired in 1868 and sunk in the Battle of Arica in 1880, during War of the Pacific

Broadside armored frigate

* missing name (1865) - ran aground in the Battle of Punta Gruesa in 1879, during War of the Pacific

Ironclad turret ship

* Huáscar* (1865) - captured by the Chileans at the Battle of Angamos in 1879, during War of the Pacific

Casemate ironclad

* missing name (1854/1865)[upper-alpha 2] \- sunk in the Blockade of Callao in 1881, during War of the Pacific

### United States

## Asia

### China

Coastal defence ships

* missing name (after 1875) - unknown
* missing name (1890) - captured by the Japanese in 1895 after Battle of Weihaiwei, during First Sino-Japanese War

Ironclads turret ship

* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* missing name (1881) - sunk in 1895 in the Battle of Weihaiwei, during First Sino-Japanese War
* missing name (1882) - captured by the Japanese in 1895 after the Battle of Weihaiwei, during First Sino-Japanese War

### Japan

The Japanese Kōtetsu (1869) was an ironclad that played a decisive role in the Battle of Hakodate, during Boshin War.

Ironclad ram

* Kōtetsu* (1864, as CSS Stonewall) - acquired from the United States in 1869 and retired in 1888

Armoured corvettes

* missing name (1869) - retired in 1906
* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* missing name (1877) - retired in 1909
* missing name (1877) - retired in 1911

Central battery ironclad

* missing name (1877) - sold for scrap in 1909

Ironclad turret ship

* missing name (1882, ex Chinese ship Zhenyuan) - captured in 1895 during First Sino-Japanese War and retired in 1911

Coastal defence ship

* missing name (1890, ex Chinese ship Pingyuan) - captured in 1895 during First Sino-Japanese War and sunk by adverse weather causes during Russo-Japanese War

### Ottoman Empire

### Siam

Floating battery

* Siam Mongkut (1870) - probably discarded 1912

## Europe

### Austria-Hungary

### Denmark

The Danish Helgoland (1878).

Broadside armored frigates

* missing name (1864) - scrapped 1907
* missing name (1850/1864)[upper-alpha 3] \- retired in 1897
* missing name (1864) - scrapped 1897

Ironclad turret ship

* missing name (1863) - scrapped 1907

Ironclad ram

* Stærkodder (1864, as CSS Stonewall) - the Danish purchase in 1864 of this ship failed and ended up being sold to Japan in 1867 and renamed  missing name*

Monitors

* missing name (1868) - retired in 1907
* missing name (1870) - retired in 1912

Casemate ironclad

* missing name (1872) - retired in 1912

Barbette ironclads

* missing name (1878) - retired in 1907
* missing name (1880) - retired in 1908
* missing name (1886) - retired in 1919

### France

### Germany

### Greece

The Greek Hydra (1889).

Central battery armored corvette

* missing name (1867) - scrapped in 1915

Broadside armored corvette

* missing name (1869) - scrapped in 1925

Barbette ironclads

* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* missing name (1889) - retired in 1919
* missing name (1889) - retired in 1929
* missing name (1890) - sold for scrap in 1932

### Italy

### Netherlands

The Dutch Koning der Nederlanden (1874) was the largest ship that served in the Dutch Navy during the 19th century.

Casemate ironclad

* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1853/1863)[upper-alpha 4] \- unknown

Ironclads turret ship

* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1866) - scrapped after 1905
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1874) - scuttled in 1942, during World War II

Monitors

* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1868) - retired in 1973 and converted into a museum ship in 1974
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1870) - sold for scrap in 1897
* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1868) - converted into a museum ship in 1982
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1868) - struck in 1908
* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1868) - sold for scrapping in 1910
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1868) - unknown
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1868) - unknown
* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1869) - unknown
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1869) - unknown
* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1870) - unknown
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1870) - unknown
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1871) - unknown
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1871) - unknown
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1871) - unknown
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1876) - unknown
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1877) - unknown
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1878) - unknown
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1891) - unknown

### Norway

Monitors

* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* missing name (1866) - scrapped in 1908
* missing name (1869) - scrapped in 1918
* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* missing name (1868) - scrapped in 1909
* missing name (1872) - wrecked in 1919

### Portugal

Central battery ironclad

* missing name (1876) - broken up in 1935

### Russia

### Spain

The Spanish Numancia (1863) was the first ironclad to circumnavigate the world, between 1865 and 1867.[5]

Broadside armored frigates

* missing name (1863) - sunk by accident or sabotage in the siege of Cartagena in 1873, during Cantonal rebellion
* missing name (1863) - retired in 1912
* missing name (1864) - scrapped in 1883
* missing name (1865) - retired in 1911

Central battery armored frigates

* missing name (1867) - stricken in 1896
* missing name (1869) - retired in 1896
* missing name (1861/1870)[upper-alpha 5] \- scrapped in 1896

Floating battery

* missing name (1874) - retired in 1900

Monitor

* missing name (1874) - retired in 1900

Barbette ironclad

* missing name (1887) - scrapped in 1925

### Sweden

The Swedish John Ericsson (1865), part of a class of five monitors, was designed under the supervision of the Swedish-born inventor, John Ericsson, and built in Sweden.

Monitors

* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1865) - sold in 1919
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1865) - sold in 1922
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1866) - sold for scrap in 1922
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1869) - scrapped in 1908
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1867) - sold for scrap in 1893
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1868) - sunk as a target in 1907
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1872) - retired in 1903
* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1872) - sold in 1919
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1872) - retired in 1919
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1873) - sold in 1919
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1874) - sold in 1919
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1874) - sold in 1919
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1875) - sold in 1919
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (1875) - decommissioned in 1919

Coastal defence ships

* Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
* missing name (1885) - retired in 1941
* missing name (1889) - retired in 1923
* missing name (1893) - retired in 1923

### United Kingdom

## See also

* List of battleships
* List of cruisers
* List of battlecruisers

## Notes

1. ↑ These designs are for oceanic ironclads, although there were also coastal ironclads that used ram, casemate, turret and barbette.
2. ↑ Built in 1854 as a wooden steamship and converted to a casemate ironclad in 1865.[3]
3. ↑ Originally it was a 70-gun ship that became an armored frigate between 1862 and 1864.[4]
4. ↑ It was converted into a casemate ironclad between 1961 and 1863.
5. ↑ It was a steam frigate called Resolución that in 1870 ended up being converted into an armored frigate of the central battery, adopting the new name of Méndez Núñez.

## References

1. ↑ Rodríguez, Horacio (1995) (in es). Las fuerzas navales argentinas: historia de la flota de mar. Instituto Browniano. p. 140.
2. ↑ Scheina, Robert L. (1987). Latin America: A Naval History, 1810–1987. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 64. ISBN 0-87021-295-8.
3. ↑ López Martínez, Héctor (1972) (in es). Historia maritima del Peru: La república, 1876-1879. Comisión para Escribir la Historia Marítima del Perú, Editorial Ausonis. p. 262.
4. ↑ Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships. New York: Hippocrene Books. p. 55. ISBN 0-88254-979-0.
5. ↑ Sondhaus, Lawrence (1958). Navies in Modern World History. London: Reaktions book ltd. p. 142.

## Bibliography

* Gardiner, Robert, ed (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-133-5. https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2.

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