List of pre-20th century submarines

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Main article: Engineering:History of submarines

This list of pre-20th century submarines includes those pioneering submarines constructed prior to the turn of the 20th century, which marks the point when the submarine became a viable weapon of war. This saw the advent of such vessels as the American Engineering:USS Holland and the French Narval, which set the pattern for submarine design for much of the 20th century.

## List

Name | Builder | Launched | lost or disposed | Notes

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Drebbel | Cornelis Drebbel | 1620 | ? | Propelled by oars.
Papin | Denis Papin | 1690 | ? |
Nikonov | Yefim Nikonov (ru) | 1720 | ? | Build for Peter the Great in Russia.
Turtle | David Bushnell | 1775 | 1777 | First submarine vessel used in attempted combat.
Nautilus | Robert Fulton | 1797 | 1802 | Built for the French Navy.
Villeroi | Brutus de Villeroi | August 1832 | ? | Demonstrated at Noirmoutier in France.
Schilder (ru) | Karl Schilder (ru) | 1834 | ? | Demonstrated to Tsar Nicholas I in Russia.
Hipopótamo (es) | Jose Rodriguez Lavandera (es) | 18 Sep 1837 | ? | Tested in Ecuador.
Brandtaucher | Wilhelm Bauer | 1850 | 1 Feb 1851 | Sank during trials, model displayed in the Bundeswehr Military History Museum in Dresden.
Gern | Ottomar Gern | 1854 | ? | Fate unknown.
Ictineo I | Narcís Monturiol | 1859 | January 1862 | Destroyed in an accident, completed 50 dives before loss. Replica in Maritime Museum in Barcelona.
Salvage | Brutus de Villeroi | 1859 | 1862 | Built at Philadelphia, it was the basis for the USS Alligator. Seized by police in 1862.
Garcibuzo (es) | Cosme García Sáez | 1860 | ? | Test dived at Alicante. Garcia was unable to find a buyer and the boat was scuttled.
Bayou St. John submarine | Unknown | 1861 | 1863 | First submarine built for the Confederate States Navy of America. On display at the Capitol Park Museum - Baton Rouge.
Pioneer | Horace Lawson Hunley | Feb 1862 | 25 Apr 1862 | Built for the Confederate States Navy. A replica is at the Warren Lasch Conservation Center.
Engineering:USS Alligator | Neafie & Levy | 1 May 1862 | 2 Apr 1863 | First United States Navy of America submarine.
American Diver | Horace Lawson Hunley | Jan 1863 | Feb 1863 | Built for the Confederate States Navy, also known as Pioneer II. It sank in Mobile Bay.
Plongeur | Siméon Bourgois | 16 Apr 1863 | 2 Feb 1872 | Built for the French Navy, converted to water tanker in 1873 and sold for scrap in 1937.
H. L. Hunley | Horace Lawson Hunley | Jul 1863 | 17 Feb 1864 | Built for the Confederate States Navy, first combat submarine to sink a warship and then sank. Located at the Warren Lasch Conservation Center in Charleston, South Carolina.
Intelligent Whale | Price and Bushnell | 1863 | Sep 1872 | On exhibit at the National Guard Militia Museum of New Jersey.
Ictíneo II | Narcís Monturiol | 20 May 1864 | Dec 1867 | Intended for the Spanish Navy, sold for scrap, replica on display at harbor of Barcelona.
Alexandrovski | Ivan Alexandrovski (ru) | 1865 | ? | Demonstrated to Tsar Alexander II in Russia.
Sub Marine Explorer | Patterson and Kroehl | 1865 | 1869 | Abandoned on shore of the island of San Telmo in the Pearl Islands.
Flach | Karl Flach (es) | 1866 | 3 May 1866 | Built for Chile, lost in the bay of Valparaiso.
Heyermann | Gustavo Heyermann | 1866 | ? | Built for Chile, sank on its maiden voyage.
Gryparis | Gryparis | 1875 | 1886 | Possibly available to the Hellenic Navy.
Drzewiecki | Stefan Drzewiecki | 1877 | ? | Human powered, model in the National Maritime Museum in Gdansk.
Holland I | John Philip Holland | 22 May 1878 | 1878 | Scuttled and raised in 1927, it is on display at the Paterson Museum in New Jersey.
Resurgam I | George Garrett | 1878 | ? | Fate unknown.
Drzewiecki | Stefan Drzewiecki | 1879 | ? | Converted from human powered to electric propulsion by Drzewiecki in 1884, it is on display in the Central Naval Museum in Saint Petersburg.
Resurgam II | George Garrett | 26 Nov 1879 | 25 Feb 1880 | Sank in Liverpool Bay, replica on display near Woodside terminal of Mersey Ferry.
Toro Submarino | Blume and Peruvian Navy | 1879 | 16 Jan 1881 | Scuttled to avoid capture.
Drzewiecki submarine series (ru) | Stefan Drzewiecki | 1881 | 1891 | A class of 50 boats built for harbour defence and withdrawn from service in 1891.
Fenian Ram (Holland II) | John Philip Holland | 1881 | 1883 | On display at the Paterson Museum in New Jersey.
Holland III | John Philip Holland | 1881 | Nov 1883 | Stolen and sunk in Hudson river.
Nordenfelt I | Thorsten Nordenfelt | 1885 | 1901 | Sold to the Hellenic Navy and named Pireas, proved a failure and was scrapped in 1901.
Zalinski Boat (Holland IV) | John Philip Holland | Sep 1885 | 1886 | Funded by Edmund Zalinski and sold in 1886.
Nautilus | Ash and Campbell | 1886 | ? | Became stuck in the mud during trials and was discontinued.
Porpoise | James Franklin Waddington | 1886 | ? | Never sold and broken up for scrap.
Abdül Hamid (Nordenfelt II) | Barrow shipyard | 6 Sep 1886 | 1910 | Nordenfelt class, first submarine attempt to launch a live torpedo underwater and then sank, proved a failure and was scrapped.
Abdül Mecit (Nordenfelt III) | Barrow shipyard | 1886 | 1910 | Nordenfelt class, proved a failure and was scrapped.
Vuteas | Vuteas | 1886 | ? | Possibly available to the Hellenic Navy.
Nordenfelt IV | Thorsten Nordenfelt | 1887 | 1887 | Sold to the Russian government, proved a failure and was scrapped.
Gymnote | Zédé & Krebs | 24 Sep 1888 | 1908 | A research submarine that completed over 2,000 dives and then was scrapped.
Peral | Isaac Peral | 1888 | 1890 | Build for the Spanish Navy, On display at Cartagena Naval Museum.
Delfino | Giacinto Pullino (it) | 1890 | 1919 | Built for the Italian Regia Marina, it was stricken in 1919.
Gustave Zédé | Zédé & Romazzotti | 1893 | 1911 | One of the world's earliest effective naval submarines.
Vodobronnogo | Stefan Drzewiecki | 1893 | ? |
Argonaut Junior | Simon Lake | 1894 | 1895 |
Argonaut 1 & Argonaut 2 | Simon Lake | 1897 | 1901 | The Argonaut 2 was an enlarged reconstruction of the Argonaut 1.
Plunger (Holland V) | John Philip Holland | 7 Aug 1897 | 1899 | Scrapped in 1917.
USS Holland (SS-1) (Holland VI) | John Philip Holland | 1897 | 1910 | Commissioned in 1900 and decommissioned in 1905.
Versuchs-U-Boot (de) | Karl Leps | 1897 | 1898 | Scrapped in 1902
Morse | Gaston Romazzotti | 1899 | 1909 | Stricken following an accident at sea.
Narval | Maxime Laubeuf | 1899 | 1920 | First double hulled dual propulsion boat, archetype for most European submarine designs in 20th century.
Fulton | Crescent shipyard | 1901 | 1905 | A prototype of the Plunger-class, also known as A-class. It was sold to Russia in 1905.
Protector | Simon Lake | 1901 | 1904 | Sold to Russia in 1904.

## See also

* List of submarines of the United States Navy
* List of submarines of the Royal Navy

## References

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