List of rocket launch sites

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This article constitutes a list of rocket launch sites. Some of these sites are known as spaceports or cosmodromes. A single rocket launch is sufficient for inclusion in the table, as long as the site is properly documented through a reference. Missile locations with no launches are not included in the list. Proposed and planned sites and sites under construction are not included in the main tabulation, but may appear in condensed lists under the tables.

A shorter list of spaceports for human spaceflight and satellite launches is available in the article Spaceport.

## Contents

* 1 Table specification
* 1.1 Sorting order
* 1.2 Column specification
* 2 Africa
* 3 Asia
* 3.1 Proposed or planned spaceports and rocket launch sites in Asia
* 4 Europe
* 4.1 Proposed or planned spaceports in Europe
* 5 North America
* 5.1 Additional rocket launch sites in North America
* 5.2 Proposed or planned spaceports in North America
* 6 South America
* 7 Oceania
* 7.1 Past and/or planned only
* 8 Launches at sea
* 8.1 Additional rocket launch sites in the oceans and Antarctica
* 9 See also
* 10 References
* 11 External links

## Table specification

### Sorting order

* Countries in alphabetical order within a table
* Launch sites within a country are sorted chronologically according to start of operations

### Column specification

* Country – territory of the site (the organisation responsible for the launches may reside elsewhere, as indicated in the notes column;
* Location – Name of launch site (sometimes also province etc.)
* Coordinates – geographical coordinates
* Operational date – the period of years of launch activities
* Number of rocket launches – the total number of launches, including failed launches
* Heaviest rocket launched – total mass at lift-off
* Highest achieved altitude – height in km above launch site (unless orbital)
* Notes – comments

Major/active spaceports are shown in bold.

## Africa

Country  | Location  | Coordinates  | Operational date  | Number of rocket launches  | Heaviest rocket launched  | Highest achieved altitude  | Notes

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French Algeria  | Centre interarmées d'essais d'engins spéciaux (CIEES), Hammaguir  |  [ ⚑ ] 31°05′58″N 2°50′09″W﻿ / ﻿31.09951°N 2.83581°W﻿ / 31.09951; -2.83581﻿ (Hammaguir) | 1947–1967  | 230  | 18,000 kg  | Orbital  | Operated by France.[1]
Algeria  | Reggane  |  [ ⚑ ] 26°43′08″N 0°16′37″E﻿ / ﻿26.71895°N 0.27691°E﻿ / 26.71895; 0.27691﻿ (Reggane) | 1961–1965  | 10  |  |  |
Zaire  | Shaba North, Kapani Tonneo OTRAG Launch Center  |  [ ⚑ ] 7°55′33″S 28°31′40″E﻿ / ﻿7.92587°S 28.52766°E﻿ / -7.92587; 28.52766﻿ (Kapani Tonneo) | 1975–1979  | 3  |  | <50 km  | German OTRAG rockets.[2]
Egypt  | Jabal Hamzah ballistic missile test and launch facility  |  [ ⚑ ] 30°07′32.7″N 30°36′18.5″E﻿ / ﻿30.12575°N 30.605139°E﻿ / 30.12575; 30.605139﻿ (Jabal Hamzah) | 1962–1973  | 6  |  |  | Testing SRBMs Al Zafir and Al Kahir[3][4]
Kenya  | Broglio Space Centre (San Marco), Malindi  |  [ ⚑ ] 2°56′27″S 40°12′48″E﻿ / ﻿2.94080°S 40.21340°E﻿ / -2.94080; 40.21340﻿ (San Marco platform) | 1964–1988  | 27  | 20,000 kg  | Orbital  | Scout rockets, operated by ASI and Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.[5]
Libya  | Sabha, Tawiwa OTRAG Launch Center  |  [ ⚑ ] 26°59′38″N 14°27′51″E﻿ / ﻿26.99392°N 14.46425°E﻿ / 26.99392; 14.46425﻿ (Sabha) | 1981–1987  | 2  |  | 50  km  | German OTRAG rockets after site in Zaire closed.[6]
Mauritania  | Nouadhibou  |  [ ⚑ ] 20°55′43″N 17°01′54″W﻿ / ﻿20.92856°N 17.03153°W﻿ / 20.92856; -17.03153﻿ (Nouadhibou) | 1973–1973  | 1  |  |  | During a solar eclipse
South Africa  | Overberg South African Test Centre  |  [ ⚑ ] 34°36′10″S 20°18′09″E﻿ / ﻿34.60265°S 20.30248°E﻿ / -34.60265; 20.30248﻿ (Overberg) | 1986–1993, 2000s–  |  |  |  | Launched test mission rockets only.[7]

## Asia

Note that some Russian cosmodromes appear in this section, some in the Europe section.

Country  | Location  | Coordinates  | Operational date  | Heaviest rocket launched  | Highest achieved altitude  | Notes

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China  | Base 603, Shijiedu, Guangde  |  [ ⚑ ] 30°56′15″N 119°12′21″E﻿ / ﻿30.93743°N 119.20575°E﻿ / 30.93743; 119.20575﻿ (Shijiedu) | 1960–1966  | 1,000 kg  | <60  km  |
China  | Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center |  [ ⚑ ] 40°57′38″N 100°17′54″E﻿ / ﻿40.96056°N 100.29833°E﻿ / 40.96056; 100.29833﻿ (Jiuquan) | 1970–  | 464,000 kg  | Orbital  | Human spaceflight[8]
China  | Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center |  [ ⚑ ] 38°50′56.71″N 111°36′30.59″E﻿ / ﻿38.8490861°N 111.6084972°E﻿ / 38.8490861; 111.6084972﻿ (Taiyuan) | 1980–  | 249,000 kg  | Orbital  | Polar satellites[9]
China  | Xichang Satellite Launch Center |  [ ⚑ ] 28°14′47″N 102°01′41″E﻿ / ﻿28.24646°N 102.02814°E﻿ / 28.24646; 102.02814﻿ (Xichang) | 1984–  | 459,000 kg  | Interplanetary  | Geo-synchronous satellites, lunar probes.[10][11]
China  | Wenchang Satellite Launch Center |  [ ⚑ ] 19°36′52.17″N 110°57′4.08″E﻿ / ﻿19.6144917°N 110.9511333°E﻿ / 19.6144917; 110.9511333﻿ (Wenchang) | 2016–  | 879,000 kg  | Interplanetary  | New site on Hainan Island with pads for Long March 5 and Long March 7 rockets
China  | Jingyu  |  [ ⚑ ] 42°00′N 126°30′E﻿ / ﻿42.0°N 126.5°E﻿ / 42.0; 126.5﻿ (Jingyu) |  |  |  |
India  | Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (Thumba Equatorial), Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala |  [ ⚑ ] 8°31′53″N 76°52′08″E﻿ / ﻿8.5314°N 76.8690°E﻿ / 8.5314; 76.8690﻿ (Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre) | 1962–  |  | Orbital | Primarily used as the launch site for Sounding rockets.[12]
India  | Satish Dhawan Space Centre (Sriharikota Range), Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh  |  [ ⚑ ] 13°44′15″N 80°14′06″E﻿ / ﻿13.73740°N 80.23510°E﻿ / 13.73740; 80.23510﻿ (Sriharikota) | 1971–  | 690,000 kg  | Interplanetary | Polar and Geosynchronous Satellites; Lunar and Mars probes.[13]
India  | Abdul Kalam Island, Bhadrak District, Odisha  |  [ ⚑ ] 20°45′29″N 87°05′08″E﻿ / ﻿20.75804°N 87.085533°E﻿ / 20.75804; 87.085533﻿ (Dr.Abdul kalam Island) | 1980–  |  | Sub-Orbital | Military integrated testing range for advanced guided missiles.[14]
Indonesia  | LAPAN Rocket Launcher Station, Pameungpeuk, Garut  |  [ ⚑ ] 7°38′48″S 107°41′20″E﻿ / ﻿7.646643°S 107.689018°E﻿ / -7.646643; 107.689018﻿ (Pameungpeuk) | 1965–  | 765 kg  | 100 km  |
Iran  | Qom Space Center  |  [ ⚑ ] 34°39′00″N 50°54′00″E﻿ / ﻿34.65000°N 50.90000°E﻿ / 34.65000; 50.90000﻿ (Qom) | 1991  |  |  | Military testing[15]
Iran  | Shahroud Space Center |  [ ⚑ ] 36°25′12″N 55°01′12″E﻿ / ﻿36.42000°N 55.02000°E﻿ / 36.42000; 55.02000﻿ (Emamshahr) | 1998–  |  | Orbital | Military tests and missile sounding for ISA Under the control of IRGCASF[16]
Iran  | Semnan spaceport |  [ ⚑ ] 35°14′05″N 53°55′15″E﻿ / ﻿35.234631°N 53.920941°E﻿ / 35.234631; 53.920941﻿ (Semnan) | 2009–  |  | Orbital  |
Iraq  | Al-Anbar Test Center  |  [ ⚑ ] 32°46′56″N 44°17′59″E﻿ / ﻿32.78220°N 44.29962°E﻿ / 32.78220; 44.29962﻿ (Al-Anbar) | 1989  | 48,000 kg  |  | Out of function[17]

Al-Abid

Israel  | Palmachim Air Force Base |  [ ⚑ ] 31°53′05″N 34°40′49″E﻿ / ﻿31.88484°N 34.68020°E﻿ / 31.88484; 34.68020﻿ (Palmachim) | 1987–  | 70000 kg  | Orbital  | [18]
Japan  | Akita Rocket Range  |  [ ⚑ ] 39°34′17″N 140°03′28″E﻿ / ﻿39.57148°N 140.05785°E﻿ / 39.57148; 140.05785﻿ (Akita) | 1956–1990  |  | 343 km  |
Japan  | Uchinoura Space Center |  [ ⚑ ] 31°15′07″N 131°04′45″E﻿ / ﻿31.25186°N 131.07914°E﻿ / 31.25186; 131.07914﻿ (Uchinoura) | 1962–  | 139,000 kg  | Interplanetary  | [19]
Japan  | Taiki Multi-Purpose Aerospace Park, Taiki, Hokkaido  |  [ ⚑ ] 42°18′00″N 143°15′46″E﻿ / ﻿42.3000°N 143.2629°E﻿ / 42.3000; 143.2629﻿ (Taiki) | 2010–  | 1,000 kg  | 115 km  | Suborbital and future orbital launch site for Interstellar Technologies and Space Walker (ja)
Japan  | Tanegashima Space Center, Tanegashima Island |  [ ⚑ ] 30°23′27″N 130°58′05″E﻿ / ﻿30.39096°N 130.96813°E﻿ / 30.39096; 130.96813﻿ (Tanegashima) | 1967–  | 445,000 kg  | Interplanetary  | [20]
Japan  | Spaceport Kii, Kushimoto, Wakayama Prefecture  |  [ ⚑ ] 33°33′03″N 135°52′47″E﻿ / ﻿33.550833°N 135.879722°E﻿ / 33.550833; 135.879722﻿ (Space Port Kii) | 2024–  |  | Orbital  | Orbital launch site for Space One[21]
Japan  | Ryori[22] |  [ ⚑ ] 39°01′48″N 141°49′48″E﻿ / ﻿39.03000°N 141.83000°E﻿ / 39.03000; 141.83000﻿ (Ryori) | 1970–2001  |  |  | Sounding rocket launch site for the Japan Meteorological Agency
Japan  | Niijima [ja; ja; 新島試験場] |  [ ⚑ ] 34°20′16″N 139°15′57″E﻿ / ﻿34.33766°N 139.26575°E﻿ / 34.33766; 139.26575﻿ (Niijima) | 1963–1965  |  |  | Eighteen launches of small rockets[23][24]
Japan  | Obachi[25] |  [ ⚑ ] 40°42′12″N 141°22′10″E﻿ / ﻿40.70342°N 141.36938°E﻿ / 40.70342; 141.36938﻿ (Obachi) | 1961–  |  | 105 km  | balloon-launched Kappa sounding rockets[25]
Soviet Union/ Kazakhstan

(Operated by  Russia)

| Baikonur Cosmodrome, Tyuratam |  [ ⚑ ] 45°57′19″N 63°21′01″E﻿ / ﻿45.95515°N 63.35028°E﻿ / 45.95515; 63.35028﻿ (Baikonur) | 1955–  | 2,400,000 kg  | Interplanetary  | First satellite, first human in space. Operated by Russia.[26]
Soviet Union/ Kazakhstan

(Partly operated by  Russia)

|  [ ⚑ ] 46°22′48″N 72°52′12″E﻿ / ﻿46.38000°N 72.87000°E﻿ / 46.38000; 72.87000﻿ (Sary Shagan) | 1958–  |  |  | Military testing ground for anti-missile weapons. Part of the testing ground is rented by Russian Ministry of Defense.
North Korea  | Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground |  [ ⚑ ] 40°51′21″N 129°39′57″E﻿ / ﻿40.85572°N 129.66587°E﻿ / 40.85572; 129.66587﻿ (Musudan-ri) | 1998–  |  |  | Military rockets; satellite launch[27]
North Korea  | Sohae Satellite Launching Station |  [ ⚑ ] 39°39′36″N 124°42′18″E﻿ / ﻿39.660°N 124.705°E﻿ / 39.660; 124.705﻿ (Sohae) | 2012–  |  |  | Military rockets; satellite launch[28]
South Korea  | Anheung Proving Ground  |  [ ⚑ ] 36°42′08″N 126°28′18″E﻿ / ﻿36.70211°N 126.47158°E﻿ / 36.70211; 126.47158﻿ (Anheung) | 1993–  |  |  |
South Korea  | Naro Space Center, Goheung |  [ ⚑ ] 34°25′33″N 127°31′41″E﻿ / ﻿34.42585°N 127.52793°E﻿ / 34.42585; 127.52793﻿ (Naro) | 2008–  | 200,000 kg | Orbital  | Attempted satellite launches[29]
Maldives  | Gan Island  |  [ ⚑ ] 0°41′36″S 73°09′24″E﻿ / ﻿0.69328°S 73.15672°E﻿ / -0.69328; 73.15672﻿ (Gan Island) |  |  |  | Several rockets of the Kookaburra type were launched from a pad at 0°41' S and 73°9' E[30]
Oman  | Etlaq Spaceport |  [ ⚑ ] 18°47′10″N 56°49′19″E﻿ / ﻿18.7862°N 56.8220°E﻿ / 18.7862; 56.8220﻿ (Etlaq Spaceport) | 2024-  |  | 140 km  | Suborbital launches
Pakistan  | Sonmiani Satellite Launch Center, Las Bela, Balochistan |  [ ⚑ ] 25°11′33″N 66°44′56″E﻿ / ﻿25.19242°N 66.74881°E﻿ / 25.19242; 66.74881﻿ (Sonmiani) | 1960s–[31] |  |  | Sounding rockets & missile testing for SUPARCO[32]
Soviet Union  | Kheysa  |  [ ⚑ ] 80°27′00″N 58°03′00″E﻿ / ﻿80.45000°N 58.05000°E﻿ / 80.45000; 58.05000﻿ (Kheysa) | 1956–2008  |  |  | Arctic sounding rocket launch site
Soviet Union/  Russia  | Svobodny Cosmodrome, Amur Oblast  |  [ ⚑ ] 51°50′04″N 128°16′33″E﻿ / ﻿51.83441°N 128.27570°E﻿ / 51.83441; 128.27570﻿ (Svobodny) | 1957–2007  | 47,000 kg  | Orbital  | ICBM base converted for satellites[33]
Soviet Union  | Sovetskaya Gavan  |  [ ⚑ ] 48°58′12″N 140°18′00″E﻿ / ﻿48.97000°N 140.30000°E﻿ / 48.97000; 140.30000﻿ (Sovetskaya Gavan) | 1963–1964  |  | 402 km  |
Soviet Union/  Russia  |  [ ⚑ ] 59°22′N 143°15′E﻿ / ﻿59.367°N 143.25°E﻿ / 59.367; 143.25﻿ (Okhotsk) | 1981–2005  |  | 1000 km  |
Russia  | Yasny Cosmodrome (formerly Dombarovsky), Orenburg Oblast  |  [ ⚑ ] 51°12′25″N 59°51′00″E﻿ / ﻿51.20706°N 59.85003°E﻿ / 51.20706; 59.85003﻿ (Dombarovskiy) | 2006–  | 211,000 kg  | Orbital  | ICBM base converted for satellites[34]
Russia  | Vostochny Cosmodrome, Amur Oblast[35] |  [ ⚑ ] 51°52′59″N 128°19′59″E﻿ / ﻿51.883°N 128.333°E﻿ / 51.883; 128.333﻿ (Vostochny) | 2016–[36] |  | Lunar  | Facility on Russian territory to supplement Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan
Taiwan  | Gangzi Station, Haiqian, Pingtung County  |  [ ⚑ ] 22°06′N 120°54′E﻿ / ﻿22.10°N 120.90°E﻿ / 22.10; 120.90﻿ (Gangzi) | 1988–  | 10,000 kg  | 300 km  | Science and technology development
Taiwan  | Nantian Launch Facility, Taitung County  |  [ ⚑ ] 22°15′44″N 120°53′25″E﻿ / ﻿22.26212°N 120.89037°E﻿ / 22.26212; 120.89037﻿ (Nantian),  | 2016–  |  |  | Used by TiSPACE for testing and launching

### Proposed or planned spaceports and rocket launch sites in Asia

* Biak Spaceport, Indonesia
* SSLV Launch Complex, Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu, India.[37]
* Iran, Chabahar Space Center
* Hokkaido Spaceport (ja),[38] Taiki, Hokkaido, Japan (expansion of the Taiki Multi-Purpose Aerospace Park, used by Interstellar Technologies[39] and Space Walker (ja))

## Europe

Note that some European countries operate spaceports in Africa, South America, or other equatorial regions. These spaceports are listed in this article according to their geographical location. Some Russian-controlled launch sites are listed as being in Asia. Note that some Russian cosmodromes appear in this section, some in the section Asia.

[40]

Country  | Location  | Coordinates  | Operational date  | Number of rocket launches  | Heaviest rocket launched  | Highest achieved altitude  | Notes

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Template:Country data People's Republic of Bulgaria | Ahtopol  |  [ ⚑ ] 42°05′09″N 27°57′18″E﻿ / ﻿42.085846°N 27.955125°E﻿ / 42.085846; 27.955125﻿ (Ahtopol) | 1984–1990  | 28  | 475 kg  | 90 km  |
France  | Ile du Levant  |  [ ⚑ ] 43°02′42″N 6°28′44″E﻿ / ﻿43.04507°N 6.47887°E﻿ / 43.04507; 6.47887﻿ (Ile de Levant) | 1948–1970s  |  |  |  | Missile test site
Germany  | Rocket Launch Site Berlin, Berlin-Tegel  |  [ ⚑ ] 52°21′00″N 13°12′36″E﻿ / ﻿52.35000°N 13.21000°E﻿ / 52.35000; 13.21000﻿ (Raketenflugplatz Tegel) | 1930–1933  |  |  | 4 km  |
Germany  | Peenemünde/Greifswalder Oie  |  [ ⚑ ] 54°08′35″N 13°47′38″E﻿ / ﻿54.14300°N 13.79400°E﻿ / 54.14300; 13.79400﻿ (Peenemünde Greifswalder Oie) | 1942–1945  | 3000+  | 12,500 kg  | 175 km  | V-2 rockets during World War II, first rocket to reach space 20 June 1944
West Germany  | Cuxhaven |  [ ⚑ ] 53°50′56″N 8°35′30″E﻿ / ﻿53.84884°N 8.59154°E﻿ / 53.84884; 8.59154﻿ (Cuxhaven))  | 1945–1964  |  |  | >110 km  |
West Germany  | Hespenbusch, Großenkneten  |  [ ⚑ ] 52°56′20″N 8°18′45″E﻿ / ﻿52.939002°N 8.312515°E﻿ / 52.939002; 8.312515﻿ (Hespenbusch) | 1952–1957  |  |  | <10 km  |
Germany  | Zingst  |  [ ⚑ ] 54°26′24″N 12°47′04″E﻿ / ﻿54.44008°N 12.78431°E﻿ / 54.44008; 12.78431﻿ (Zingst) | 1970–1992  | 67  | 130 kg  | 80 km  |
Greece  | Koroni  |  [ ⚑ ] 36°46′11″N 21°55′54″E﻿ / ﻿36.7698°N 21.9316°E﻿ / 36.7698; 21.9316﻿ (Koroni) | 1966–1989  | 371  |  | 114 km  |
Italy  | Salto di Quirra  |  [ ⚑ ] 39°31′38″N 9°37′59″E﻿ / ﻿39.52731°N 9.63303°E﻿ / 39.52731; 9.63303﻿ (Salto di Quirra) | 1964–  |  |  |  |
Norway  | Andøya Space Center |  [ ⚑ ] 69°17′39″N 16°01′15″E﻿ / ﻿69.29430°N 16.02070°E﻿ / 69.29430; 16.02070﻿ (And?ya) | 1962–  | 1200+  | 800 kg  |  | Rockets to the upper atmosphere.[41]
Norway  | Marka  |  [ ⚑ ] 58°12′00″N 7°18′00″E﻿ / ﻿58.20000°N 7.30000°E﻿ / 58.20000; 7.30000﻿ (Marka) | 1983–1984  |  | 16 kg  |  |
Norway  | SvalRak |  [ ⚑ ] 78°13′24″N 15°38′49″E﻿ / ﻿78.2234°N 15.6470°E﻿ / 78.2234; 15.6470﻿ (SvalRak) | 1997–  |  |  |  |
Germany Nazi-occupied Poland  | SS-Proving Ground Westpreußen today Poland (Tuchola Forest)  |  [ ⚑ ] 53°37′11″N 17°59′06″E﻿ / ﻿53.61970°N 17.98492°E﻿ / 53.61970; 17.98492﻿ (Tuchola Forest) | 1944–1945  |  |  |  | Nazi-German V-2 rockets
Germany  | Leba in Pommern since 1945 part of Poland  |  [ ⚑ ] 54°46′09″N 17°35′37″E﻿ / ﻿54.76904°N 17.59355°E﻿ / 54.76904; 17.59355﻿ (Łeba) | 1941–1945  |  |  |  | Nazi-German rockets
Poland  |  [ ⚑ ] 54°45′16″N 17°31′05″E﻿ / ﻿54.754486°N 17.517919°E﻿ / 54.754486; 17.517919﻿ (Łeba) | 1963–1973  | 36  |  |  | Polish rockets
Germany Nazi-occupied Poland  | V-2 missile launch site, Blizna  |  [ ⚑ ] 50°10′55″N 21°36′58″E﻿ / ﻿50.18190°N 21.61620°E﻿ / 50.18190; 21.61620﻿ (Blizna) | 139  |  |  | Nazi-German V-2 rockets
Soviet Union/ Russia  | Kapustin Yar Cosmodrome, Astrakhan Oblast  |  [ ⚑ ] 48°34′41″N 46°15′15″E﻿ / ﻿48.57807°N 46.25420°E﻿ / 48.57807; 46.25420﻿ (Kapustin Yar) | 1957–  |  |  | Orbital  | Previously for satellite launches[42]
Soviet Union/ Russia  | Nyonoksa  |  [ ⚑ ] 64°38′57″N 39°11′14″E﻿ / ﻿64.64928°N 39.18721°E﻿ / 64.64928; 39.18721﻿ (Nyonoksa) |  |  |  |
Soviet Union/ Russia  | Plesetsk Cosmodrome |  [ ⚑ ] 62°55′32″N 40°34′40″E﻿ / ﻿62.92556°N 40.57778°E﻿ / 62.92556; 40.57778﻿ (Plesetsk Cosmodrome) | 1966–  | 1000+  | 760,000 kg  | Orbital  |
Spain  | El Arenosillo |  [ ⚑ ] 37°05′49″N 6°44′19″W﻿ / ﻿37.09687°N 6.73863°W﻿ / 37.09687; -6.73863﻿ (El Arenosillo) | 1966–  | 500+  |  | 720 km[43] | Formerly used only by INTA, now used by Zero 2 Infinity and PLD Space
Sweden  | Nausta  |  [ ⚑ ] 66°21′26″N 19°16′33″E﻿ / ﻿66.357202°N 19.275813°E﻿ / 66.357202; 19.275813﻿ (Nausta) | 1961–1961[44] | 1  | 30 kg  | <80 km  | Plutnik rocket.[44]
Sweden  | Kronogård  |  [ ⚑ ] 66°24′53″N 19°16′36″E﻿ / ﻿66.4147°N 19.2767°E﻿ / 66.4147; 19.2767﻿ (Kronogård) | 1961–1964  | 18  | 700 kg  | 135 km  | Arcas, Nike-Cajun and Nike-Apache rockets for atmospheric research.
Sweden  | Esrange, Kiruna |  [ ⚑ ] 67°53′36″N 21°06′15″E﻿ / ﻿67.89342°N 21.10429°E﻿ / 67.89342; 21.10429﻿ (Kiruna) | 1966–  | 450  | 12,400 kg  | 717 km  | Operated by ESRO.[45] Operated by SSC since 1972.[45] Major programmes: Maxus, TEXUS, Maser, stratospheric balloons.
United Kingdom  | South Uist |  [ ⚑ ] 57°19′48″N 7°19′48″W﻿ / ﻿57.33000°N 7.33000°W﻿ / 57.33000; -7.33000﻿ (South Uist) | 1959, 2015, 2022  | 2  | 1300~ kg  |  | First test launch in 1959. First space launch from the UK took place here in October 2015 as part of 'At Sea Demonstration 15' of an American 'Terrier-Orion' sounding rocket.[46]

### Proposed or planned spaceports in Europe

* Spaceport Sweden, Kiruna[47]
* Newquay, Cornwall, England, UK[48]
* Sutherland spaceport, Scotland, UK[49] Was formally approved by the Scotland Highland Council in August 2020[50]
* Santa Maria, Azores, Portugal[51]
* Andøya Spaceport, Norway[52]
* El Hierro Launch Centre, Canary Islands, Spain[53]
* Taranto-Grottaglie Airport, Italy[54]

## North America

Country  | Location  | Coordinates  | Operational date  | Number of rocket launches  | Heaviest rocket launched  | Highest achieved altitude  | Notes

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Canada  | Churchill Rocket Research Range, Manitoba  |  [ ⚑ ] 58°44′03″N 93°49′13″W﻿ / ﻿58.73430°N 93.82030°W﻿ / 58.73430; -93.82030﻿ (Fort Churchill) | 1954–1998  | 3500+  |  | 979 km[55] | Canadian Army[55]
Canada  | Resolute Bay, Nunavut |  [ ⚑ ] 74°41′13″N 94°53′46″W﻿ / ﻿74.6870°N 94.8962°W﻿ / 74.6870; -94.8962﻿ (Resolute Bay) | 1966–1971  | 17 [56] |  | 200 km[56] | National Research Council Canada[56]
Canada  | Hall Beach, Nunavut  |  [ ⚑ ] 68°46′34″N 81°14′36″W﻿ / ﻿68.77607°N 81.24346°W﻿ / 68.77607; -81.24346﻿ (Hall Beach) | 1971–1971  | 7 [57] |  | 270 km[57] |
Canada  | Southend, Saskatchewan  |  [ ⚑ ] 56°12′N 103°08′W﻿ / ﻿56.20°N 103.14°W﻿ / 56.20; -103.14﻿ (Southend) | 1980  | 2 [58] | 1,200 kg  | 156 km[58] |
Canada  | Spaceport Nova Scotia, Nova Scotia  |  [ ⚑ ] 45°18′13″N 60°58′58″W﻿ / ﻿45.303559°N 60.982891°W﻿ / 45.303559; -60.982891﻿ (Atlantic) | 2023–  | 2 [59] |  | 13.4 km[60] | Under construction by Maritime Launch Services[61]
Greenland ( Denmark)  | Pituffik Space Base  |  [ ⚑ ] 76°25′26″N 68°17′37″W﻿ / ﻿76.4240°N 68.2936°W﻿ / 76.4240; -68.2936﻿ (Thule) | 1964–1980  |  |  |  | Former US Air Force launch site[62]
United States  | Clark University Physics Laboratory, Worcester, Massachusetts  |  [ ⚑ ] 42°15′04″N 71°49′23″W﻿ / ﻿42.250977°N 71.823169°W﻿ / 42.250977; -71.823169 | 1914–1920s  | ≈10  |  |  | Robert H. Goddard's first experimental rockets, starting with powder-based fuels. Was also site of liquid rocket engine tests before being launched in nearby Auburn.[63]: 74
United States  | Goddard Test Site, Auburn, Massachusetts  |  [ ⚑ ] 42°13′08″N 71°48′43″W﻿ / ﻿42.21882°N 71.81194°W﻿ / 42.21882; -71.81194 | 1925–1930  | 5  |  |  | Open field chosen as rocket test site in 1925; launch site of Robert H. Goddard's first liquid fuel rockets beginning on 16 March 1926.[63]: 143
United States  | Eden Valley Test Site, Roswell, New Mexico |  [ ⚑ ] 33°37′34″N 104°30′00″W﻿ / ﻿33.62600°N 104.50000°W﻿ / 33.62600; -104.50000 | 1930–1941  | >30  |  |  | Used for Goddard's later rocket tests.
United States  | Wallops Flight Facility, Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia |  [ ⚑ ] 37°50′46″N 75°28′46″W﻿ / ﻿37.84621°N 75.47938°W﻿ / 37.84621; -75.47938﻿ (Wallops Island) | 1945–  | 1600+  |  |  | Now operated by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.[64]
United States  | White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico |  [ ⚑ ] 32°33′53″N 106°21′33″W﻿ / ﻿32.56460°N 106.35908°W﻿ / 32.56460; -106.35908﻿ (White Sands) | 1945–  | 7500+  |  |  | Military and civilian flights. Served as alternate landing site for the Space Shuttle.[65]
United States  | Nevada Test and Training Range (formerly Nellis Air Force Range)  |  [ ⚑ ] 36°46′17″N 116°06′49″W﻿ / ﻿36.77150°N 116.11374°W﻿ / 36.77150; -116.11374﻿ (Nevada Test and Training Range) | 1946–1960s  | 2000+  |  |  | [66]
United States  | Poker Flat Research Range, Alaska |  [ ⚑ ] 65°07′34″N 147°28′44″W﻿ / ﻿65.12599°N 147.47894°W﻿ / 65.12599; -147.47894﻿ (Poker Flat) | 1949–  | 5000+  |  |  | Sounding rocket launch site
United States  | Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida |  [ ⚑ ] 28°28′00″N 80°33′31″W﻿ / ﻿28.46675°N 80.55852°W﻿ / 28.46675; -80.55852﻿ (Cape Canaveral) | 1949–  | 1000+  |  | Interstellar  | Commercial and U.S. Government uncrewed missions. Adjacent to NASA KSC.
United States  | Vandenberg Space Force Base, California |  [ ⚑ ] 34°46′19″N 120°36′04″W﻿ / ﻿34.77204°N 120.60124°W﻿ / 34.77204; -120.60124﻿ (Vandenberg) | 1958–  | 500+  |  | Interplanetary | Satellites, ballistic missile tests. Government and commercial launches.[67] Also launches SpaceX rockets.
United States  | Kennedy Space Center, Florida |  [ ⚑ ] 28°36′30″N 80°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿28.6082°N 80.6040°W﻿ / 28.6082; -80.6040﻿ (Kennedy Space Center) | 1962–  | 151  | 3,000,000 kg  | Interplanetary  | Launched each NASA crewed mission. Adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.
United States  | Pacific Missile Range Facility, Hawaii |  [ ⚑ ] 22°01′22″N 159°47′06″W﻿ / ﻿22.02278°N 159.785°W﻿ / 22.02278; -159.785 | 1963–  |  |  |  | Used for testing of antiballistic missile and missile tracking by the US Navy.
United States  | Keweenaw, Michigan  |  [ ⚑ ] 47°25′47″N 87°42′52″W﻿ / ﻿47.42980°N 87.71443°W﻿ / 47.42980; -87.71443﻿ (Keweenaw) | 1964–1971[68] | 50+  | 770 kg  | <160 km  | Sounding rocket launch site. Currently inactive.
United States  | Pacific Spaceport Complex, Kodiak, Alaska |  [ ⚑ ] 57°26′07″N 152°20′22″W﻿ / ﻿57.43533°N 152.33931°W﻿ / 57.43533; -152.33931﻿ (Kodiak) | 1991–  | 26  | 86,000 kg  | Orbital  | Ballistic missile interceptor tests, satellite launches. Alaska Aerospace Corporation.[69]
United States  | Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS), Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia |  [ ⚑ ] 37°50′00″N 75°29′00″W﻿ / ﻿37.833378°N 75.483284°W﻿ / 37.833378; -75.483284﻿ (Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport) | 1995–  | 22  | 89,805 kg  | Lunar  | Operates in partnership with NASA, adjacent to Wallops Flight Facility. Designed for both commercial and government launches.[70] In 2019, Rocket Lab built their first US launch facility here.[71]
United States  | Mojave Air and Space Port, California |  [ ⚑ ] 35°03′33″N 118°08′56″W﻿ / ﻿35.05910°N 118.14880°W﻿ / 35.05910; -118.14880﻿ (Mojave) | 2003–  | 20+  |  | 112 km  | Adjacent to Edwards AFB. Privately funded, horizontal-launch spaceport. Xoie, Xombie, Xodiac (Masten Space Systems); SpaceShipOne, SpaceShipTwo (Scaled Composites, Virgin Galactic); Launcher One (Virgin Orbit).
United States  | Spaceport America, Upham, New Mexico |  [ ⚑ ] 32°53′22″N 106°59′58″W﻿ / ﻿32.88943°N 106.99945°W﻿ / 32.88943; -106.99945﻿ (Spaceport America) | 2006–  | 50+  |  |  | Sub-orbital commercial and planned space tourist launches. Operated by the state of New Mexico with Virgin Galactic as the anchor tenant.[72][73][74][75] Adjacent to White Sands Missile Range.
United States  | Corn Ranch, Van Horn, Texas |  [ ⚑ ] 31°15′09″N 104°27′12″W﻿ / ﻿31.2524°N 104.4532°W﻿ / 31.2524; -104.4532﻿ (Corn Ranch) | 2006–  | 20  |  | ~105 km  | Used by Blue Origin for suborbital launches and engine tests.
United States  | Spaceport Camden, Camden County, Georgia  |  [ ⚑ ] 30°33′14″N 81°18′19″W﻿ / ﻿30.5539°N 81.3053°W﻿ / 30.5539; -81.3053﻿ (Camden) | 2016–2019  | 2  |  | ~10 km  | Originally Thiokol rocket testing facility. Used by Vector Space for testing and launching. Project and site abandoned in 2023 due to local pushback and financial issues.
United States  | SpaceX Starbase Spaceport, Starbase, Texas |  [ ⚑ ] 25°59′46″N 97°09′14″W﻿ / ﻿25.996°N 97.154°W﻿ / 25.996; -97.154﻿ (Boca Chica) | 2018–  | ~10  | ~5,000,000 kg  | Orbital  | Site originally planned for Falcon rockets, now used exclusively by SpaceX for Starship/SuperHeavy testing and launching.
United States  | Maine Spaceport Complex, Washington County, Maine |  [ ⚑ ] 44°26′40″N 67°36′00″W﻿ / ﻿44.4444°N 67.6000°W﻿ / 44.4444; -67.6000﻿ (Maine Spaceport Complex) | 2020–  | 1  |  | ~2 km  | Launch site to be used for suborbital and polar low-Earth orbital launch on the east coast by companies BluShift Aerospace and VALT Enterprises[76][77] and funded by Maine Space Grant Consortium.

### Additional rocket launch sites in North America

Please delete items or move them to the table above with appropriate data and references.

* Barbados,  [ ⚑ ] 13°04′37″N 59°28′33″W﻿ / ﻿13.0770°N 59.4758°W﻿ / 13.0770; -59.4758﻿ (Barbados)
* Barter Island (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 70°06′32″N 143°38′04″W﻿ / ﻿70.10876°N 143.63455°W﻿ / 70.10876; -143.63455﻿ (Barter Island))
* Black Mesa (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 37°22′12″N 109°17′24″W﻿ / ﻿37.37000°N 109.29000°W﻿ / 37.37000; -109.29000﻿ (Black Mesa))
* Cecil Airport, (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 30°13′07″N 081°52′36″W﻿ / ﻿30.21861°N 81.87667°W﻿ / 30.21861; -81.87667﻿ (Cecil Airport))
* Charlestown, Rhode Island (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 41°21′36″N 71°40′06″W﻿ / ﻿41.36002°N 71.66840°W﻿ / 41.36002; -71.66840﻿ (Charlestown))
* Cape Parry (Canada,  [ ⚑ ] 70°10′12″N 124°43′01″W﻿ / ﻿70.17000°N 124.71700°W﻿ / 70.17000; -124.71700﻿ (Cape Parry))
* Cold Lake (Canada,  [ ⚑ ] 54°24′17″N 110°16′59″W﻿ / ﻿54.40472°N 110.28293°W﻿ / 54.40472; -110.28293﻿ (Thule))
* Datil (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 34°04′51″N 107°30′28″W﻿ / ﻿34.08079°N 107.50777°W﻿ / 34.08079; -107.50777﻿ (Datil))
* Eareckson (Aleut islands, United States,  [ ⚑ ] 52°43′23″N 174°04′19″E﻿ / ﻿52.72301°N 174.07196°E﻿ / 52.72301; 174.07196﻿ (Eareckson))
* Edwards Air Force Base (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 34°54′20″N 117°53′01″W﻿ / ﻿34.90556°N 117.88361°W﻿ / 34.90556; -117.88361﻿ (Edwards Air Force Base))
* Eglin Air Force Base (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 30°23′26″N 86°46′24″W﻿ / ﻿30.39044°N 86.77345°W﻿ / 30.39044; -86.77345﻿ (Eglin))
* Fort Bliss (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 32°04′25″N 106°09′09″W﻿ / ﻿32.07371°N 106.15256°W﻿ / 32.07371; -106.15256﻿ (Fort Bliss))
* Fort Greely (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 63°56′03″N 145°44′13″W﻿ / ﻿63.93414°N 145.73692°W﻿ / 63.93414; -145.73692﻿ (Fort Greely))
* Fort Sherman (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 9°21′45″N 79°57′00″W﻿ / ﻿9.36262°N 79.95009°W﻿ / 9.36262; -79.95009﻿ (Fort Sherman))

* Fort Wingate (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 35°26′55″N 108°35′58″W﻿ / ﻿35.44868°N 108.59940°W﻿ / 35.44868; -108.59940﻿ (Fort Wingate))
* Fort Yukon (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 66°33′44″N 145°11′50″W﻿ / ﻿66.56230°N 145.19720°W﻿ / 66.56230; -145.19720﻿ (Fort Yukon))
* Gillam (Canada,  [ ⚑ ] 56°05′23″N 96°05′21″W﻿ / ﻿56.08968°N 96.08925°W﻿ / 56.08968; -96.08925﻿ (Gillam))
* Gilson Butte (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 38°36′28″N 110°35′53″W﻿ / ﻿38.60783°N 110.59802°W﻿ / 38.60783; -110.59802﻿ (Gilson Butte))
* Grand Turk Island  [ ⚑ ] 21°28′20″N 71°08′20″W﻿ / ﻿21.472222°N 71.138889°W﻿ / 21.472222; -71.138889﻿ (Grand Turk Island))
* Green River Launch Complex
* Holloman (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 32°54′10″N 106°05′54″W﻿ / ﻿32.90275°N 106.09836°W﻿ / 32.90275; -106.09836﻿ (Holloman))
* Mercury (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 36°40′27″N 115°58′06″W﻿ / ﻿36.67421°N 115.96832°W﻿ / 36.67421; -115.96832﻿ (Mercury))
* NAOTS (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 37°57′33″N 75°20′16″W﻿ / ﻿37.95906°N 75.33765°W﻿ / 37.95906; -75.33765﻿ (NAOTS))
* North Truro Air Force Station (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 42°00′00″N 70°01′12″W﻿ / ﻿42.00000°N 70.02000°W﻿ / 42.00000; -70.02000﻿ (North Truro))
* Point Arguello (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 34°37′12″N 120°36′00″W﻿ / ﻿34.62000°N 120.60000°W﻿ / 34.62000; -120.60000﻿ (Point Arguello))
* Point Barrow(United States,  [ ⚑ ] 71°17′08″N 156°46′33″W﻿ / ﻿71.28559°N 156.77593°W﻿ / 71.28559; -156.77593﻿ (Point Barrow))
* Point Mugu (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 34°05′58″N 119°07′17″W﻿ / ﻿34.09943°N 119.12125°W﻿ / 34.09943; -119.12125﻿ (Point Mugu))

* Primrose Lake (Canada,  [ ⚑ ] 54°45′00″N 110°03′00″W﻿ / ﻿54.75000°N 110.05000°W﻿ / 54.75000; -110.05000﻿ (Primrose Lake))
* Ramey (Puerto Rico, United States,  [ ⚑ ] 18°29′46″N 67°07′34″W﻿ / ﻿18.49601°N 67.12623°W﻿ / 18.49601; -67.12623﻿ (Ramey))
* Red Lake (Canada,  [ ⚑ ] 50°52′48″N 93°28′12″W﻿ / ﻿50.88000°N 93.47000°W﻿ / 50.88000; -93.47000﻿ (Red Lake))
* San Clemente (California, United States,  [ ⚑ ] 32°55′04″N 118°29′13″W﻿ / ﻿32.91771°N 118.48698°W﻿ / 32.91771; -118.48698﻿ (San Clemente))
* San Nicolas Island (California, United States,  [ ⚑ ] 33°16′47″N 119°31′19″W﻿ / ﻿33.27981°N 119.52208°W﻿ / 33.27981; -119.52208﻿ (San Nicolas Island))
* Sheboygan (Wisconsin, United States, | [ ⚑ ] 43°45′04″N 87°42′50″W﻿ / ﻿43.751°N 87.714°W﻿ / 43.751; -87.714﻿ (Sheboygan))
* Sierra de Juarez (Mexico,  [ ⚑ ] 32°15′00″N 115°49′48″W﻿ / ﻿32.25000°N 115.83000°W﻿ / 32.25000; -115.83000﻿ (Sierra de Juarez))
* Sondre Stromfjord (Greenland,  [ ⚑ ] 67°01′25″N 50°36′02″W﻿ / ﻿67.02364°N 50.60053°W﻿ / 67.02364; -50.60053﻿ (Sondre Stromfjord))
* Tonopah Test Range (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 37°47′47″N 116°46′46″W﻿ / ﻿37.79648°N 116.77946°W﻿ / 37.79648; -116.77946﻿ (Tonopah))
* Yuma (United States,  [ ⚑ ] 32°51′36″N 114°23′49″W﻿ / ﻿32.86000°N 114.39700°W﻿ / 32.86000; -114.39700﻿ (Yuma))

|
|

Vertical launch spaceports in the US

### Proposed or planned spaceports in North America

* Atlantic Spaceport Complex, Newfoundland. Under construction by NordSpace[78]
* Cape Breton Spaceport (aka Cape Breton Space Centre), Nova Scotia[79]
* Cape Rich, LFCATC Meaford, Ontario[80]
* Oklahoma Spaceport, Burns Flat,[81][82]
* Spaceport Washington, Moses Lake, Washington[83][84] This project was proposed in 2005 by a small real estate brokerage firm operating from an office in Renton, Washington, and has since proven to have been a scam.[85][86] The principal party - Mr. Andy Shin Fong Chen, CEO of ASPI Group, LLC - was charged with fraud by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on 15 March 2017.[87] No licensing was ever issued by any local, state or Federal government agency, nor was any construction ever initiated.
* Roosevelt Roads Naval Station - at a former Naval station in Puerto Rico, the local redevelopment authority, in December 2024, issued a request for proposal for a vertical space launch site on 66.17 acres, at Roosevelt Roads Naval Station site.[88]

## South America

Country  | Location  | Coordinates  | Operational date  | Number of rocket launches  | Heaviest rocket launched  | Highest achieved altitude  | Notes

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Argentina  | Pampa de Achala  |  [ ⚑ ] 31°35′00″S 64°50′00″W﻿ / ﻿31.5833°S 64.8333°W﻿ / -31.5833; -64.8333﻿ (Pampa de Achala) | 1961–1962  | 8  | 28 kg  | 25 km  | First Argentine launch site
Argentina  | CELPA  |  [ ⚑ ] 30°07′39″S 66°20′27″W﻿ / ﻿30.12737°S 66.34082°W﻿ / -30.12737; -66.34082﻿ (CELPA) | 1962–1991, 2010–  | 100 (approximately) | 933 kg  | 550 km  | Military Launch Test Site (CITIDEF)
Argentina  | Las Palmas  |  [ ⚑ ] 27°05′43″S 58°45′13″W﻿ / ﻿27.09531°S 58.75352°W﻿ / -27.09531; -58.75352﻿ (Las Palmas) | 1966–1966  | 2  | 3,400 kg  | 270 km  | During a solar eclipse, with Titus rockets.
Argentina  | Tartagal  |  [ ⚑ ] 22°45′42″S 63°49′26″W﻿ / ﻿22.76158°S 63.82381°W﻿ / -22.76158; -63.82381﻿ (Tartagal) | 1966–1966  |  |  |  | During a solar eclipse
Argentina  | Mar Chiquita  |  [ ⚑ ] 37°43′27″S 57°24′18″W﻿ / ﻿37.72427°S 57.40512°W﻿ / -37.72427; -57.40512﻿ (Mar Chiquita) | 1968–1972  | 11  |  |  |
Argentina  | Villa Reynolds  |  [ ⚑ ] 33°43′29″S 65°22′38″W﻿ / ﻿33.72460°S 65.37730°W﻿ / -33.72460; -65.37730﻿ (Villa Reynolds) | 1973–1973  | 2  |  |  |
Argentina  | Serrezuela  |  [ ⚑ ] 30°38′00″S 65°23′00″W﻿ / ﻿30.6333°S 65.3833°W﻿ / -30.6333; -65.3833﻿ (Serrezuela) | 2009  | 1  | 500 kg  | 40 km  | Military test (Gradicom I)
Argentina  | Punta Indio |  [ ⚑ ] 35°31′26″S 57°11′02″W﻿ / ﻿35.523889°S 57.183889°W﻿ / -35.523889; -57.183889﻿ (Punta Indio) | 2011–  | 3  | 7,076 kg  [89] | 2.2 km  | Civilian Launch Test Site (CONAE)
Argentina  | Puerto Belgrano |  [ ⚑ ] 38°57′46″S 61°42′54″W﻿ / ﻿38.9628°S 61.715°W﻿ / -38.9628; -61.715﻿ (Puerto Belgrano) | 2014–  |  |  |  | Launch pad for Tronador II under construction (CONAE)
Brazil  | Natal-Barreira do Inferno |  [ ⚑ ] 5°51′58″S 35°22′59″W﻿ / ﻿5.86600°S 35.38300°W﻿ / -5.86600; -35.38300﻿ (Natal) | 1965–  | 233  | 7,270 kg  | 1100 km  |
Brazil  | Praia do Cassino  |  [ ⚑ ] 32°05′00″S 52°10′02″W﻿ / ﻿32.08338°S 52.16725°W﻿ / -32.08338; -52.16725﻿ (Praia do Cassino) | 1966–1966  | 27  |  |  |
Brazil  | Alcântara Launch Center, Maranhão |  [ ⚑ ] 2°18′58″S 44°22′03″W﻿ / ﻿2.3160°S 44.3676°W﻿ / -2.3160; -44.3676﻿ (Alcantara) | 1990–  | 47  | 6,737 kg  | 956 km  | Brazilian Air Force, Brazilian Space Agency. Planned satellite launches.
French Guiana  | Guiana Space Centre, Kourou |  [ ⚑ ] 5°14′15″N 52°46′10″W﻿ / ﻿5.23739°N 52.76950°W﻿ / 5.23739; -52.76950﻿ (Kourou) | 1968–  | <200  | 777,000 kg  | Interplanetary  | Operated by CNES for ESA; launch base for Arianespace. Commercial and governmental launches.
Peru  | Chilca Launch Range  |  [ ⚑ ] 12°30′17″S 76°47′55″W﻿ / ﻿12.50477°S 76.79849°W﻿ / -12.50477; -76.79849﻿ (Chilca Launch Range) | 1974-1983  | <65  |  | 590 km  | Sounding rocket launch location.[90]
Peru  | Chilca PLOB, Punta Lobos Range  |  [ ⚑ ] 12°30′00″S 76°48′00″W﻿ / ﻿12.50000°S 76.8000°W﻿ / -12.50000; -76.8000﻿ (Punta Lobos Range) | 1983  | 32  | 2,000 kg  | 590 km  | Sounding rocket launch location. Possibly part of, or identical to, Chilca Launch Range.

[91][92]

Dutch Suriname  | Coronie  |  [ ⚑ ] 5°51′52″N 56°19′32″W﻿ / ﻿5.86447°N 56.32553°W﻿ / 5.86447; -56.32553﻿ (Coronie) | 1965–1965  | 4  |  | 205 km  |

## Oceania

Country  | Location  | Coordinates  | Operational date  | Number of rocket launches  | Heaviest rocket launched  | Highest achieved altitude  | Notes

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Australia  | Woomera Test Range, SA |  [ ⚑ ] 30°57′32″S 136°30′13″E﻿ / ﻿30.95875°S 136.50366°E﻿ / -30.95875; 136.50366﻿ (Woomera) | 1950s–  |  | 28,000 kg  | Orbital  | Australian government research facility. Missile testing, 2 satellite launches.
Australia  | Carnarvon, WA  |  [ ⚑ ] 24°29′08″S 113°24′31″E﻿ / ﻿24.48564°S 113.40866°E﻿ / -24.48564; 113.40866﻿ (Carnarvon) | 1964–1965  | 12  |  | 120 km  |
Australia  | Lancelin, WA  |  [ ⚑ ] 30°58′59″S 115°19′04″E﻿ / ﻿30.98309°S 115.31774°E﻿ / -30.98309; 115.31774﻿ (Lancelin) | 1974–1974  | 2  |  |  | During a total solar eclipse
Australia  | Koonibba Test Range, SA |  [ ⚑ ] 31°53′08″S 133°26′55″E﻿ / ﻿31.885558°S 133.448686°E﻿ / -31.885558; 133.448686﻿ (Koonibba Test Range) | 2019–  | 4  |  | 85 km  | Used by Southern Launch for suborbital launch tests
Australia  | Whalers Way Orbital Launch Complex, SA |  [ ⚑ ] 34°56′02″S 135°39′08″E﻿ / ﻿34.934°S 135.6523°E﻿ / -34.934; 135.6523﻿ (Lancelin) | 2020–  |  |  |  | Used by Southern Launch for orbital polar launches
Australia  | Arnhem Space Centre, NT  |  [ ⚑ ] 12°22′41″S 136°49′17″E﻿ / ﻿12.378021°S 136.821402°E﻿ / -12.378021; 136.821402﻿ (Arnhem Space Centre) | 2021–2024[93] | 2  |  | 327 km  | First NASA launches outside USA. Australia's first commercial launches
Marshall Islands  | Reagan Test Site, Omelek Island, Kwajalein Atoll |  [ ⚑ ] 9°02′53″N 167°44′35″E﻿ / ﻿9.048167°N 167.743083°E﻿ / 9.048167; 167.743083﻿ (Omelek) | 1950s–  |  | 39,000 kg  | Orbital  | US-controlled ICBM base converted for satellites. SpaceX Falcon 1. Close to the equator.
New Zealand  | Birdling's Flat  |  [ ⚑ ] 43°49′01″S 172°40′59″E﻿ / ﻿43.81700°S 172.68300°E﻿ / -43.81700; 172.68300﻿ (Carnarvon) | 1980s–  | 10< |  |  | Used for sounding rockets. Formerly proposed launch site for Rocket Lab, never developed.
New Zealand  | Great Mercury Island  |  [ ⚑ ] 36°21′18″S 175°27′36″E﻿ / ﻿36.35511°S 175.46006°E﻿ / -36.35511; 175.46006﻿ (Great Mercury Island) | 2009  | 1  | 60  kg  | 120  km  | Used for the first launch by Rocket Lab of their Atea 1 suborbital rocket.
New Zealand  | Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1, Mahia Peninsula |  [ ⚑ ] 39°15′38″S 177°51′52″E﻿ / ﻿39.26044°S 177.86431°E﻿ / -39.26044; 177.86431﻿ (Mahia Peninsula) | 2017–  | 42[94] | 13,000 kg[95] | Lunar  | Launch site built and operated by Rocket Lab. First commercial spaceport in the southern hemisphere.

### Past and/or planned only

* Cape York Peninsula, Queensland.
* Space Centre Australia secured land for main site facilities for space launch, located 43km east of Weipa, close to RAAF Scherger in 2023.[96] Final approvals may come under Mokwiri Aboriginal Corporation.[96] Previously a Cape York Space Agency was established by the government to develop a facility for Ukrainian Zenit launches at Weipa. However, traditional owners from Cape York Land Council blocked the proposal.[97][98]
* Space Centre Australia, secondary site, at Utingu, known as Punsand Bay in Bamaga, which comes under the council of the Torres Strait Island Region, and is said to be one of the closest facilities to equatorial launch access in the Asia Pacific region.[99]
* Christmas Island, Australian external territory.
* Site planned 1997 by the Asia Pacific Space Centre, but did not go ahead due to insufficient backing.[100]
* Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) conducted Phase I of a High Speed Flight Demonstration (HSFD) at Aeon Field on Christmas Island in 2002.[101]

## Launches at sea

Country  | Location  | Coordinates  | Operational date  | Number of rocket launches  | Heaviest rocket launched  | Highest achieved altitude  | Notes

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| Ocean Odyssey complex | Mobile  | 1999–  | 30  | 462,000 kg  | Orbital  | Mobile satellite launch platform operated by Sea Launch. Uses a converted oil platform that plies between Long Beach, California, where a Zenit-3SL rocket is collected, and the equator, where the rocket is launched.
Russia  | Russian Delta class submarines | Mobile  | 1998–  | 2  | 30,000 kg  | Orbital  | Launch of uncrewed satellites into Earth orbit via converted SLBM missile Shtil from the Barents Sea.
Denmark  | MLP Sputnik |  [ ⚑ ] 55°02′57″N 15°36′11″E﻿ / ﻿55.04917°N 15.60306°E﻿ / 55.04917; 15.60306 | 2010–  | 4  | 1,630 kg  | 8.2 km  | Mobile satellite launch platform operated by Copenhagen Suborbitals.

### Additional rocket launch sites in the oceans and Antarctica

Please delete items or move them to the table above with appropriate data and references.

* Ascension Island (Atlantic island,  [ ⚑ ] 7°58′29″S 14°24′53″W﻿ / ﻿7.97476°S 14.41470°W﻿ / -7.97476; -14.41470﻿ (Ascension Island))
* Barking Sands (Pacific island,  [ ⚑ ] 22°02′55″N 159°46′35″W﻿ / ﻿22.04872°N 159.77650°W﻿ / 22.04872; -159.77650﻿ (Barking Sands))
* Base Matienzo (Antarctica,  [ ⚑ ] 64°48′00″S 60°06′00″W﻿ / ﻿64.80000°S 60.10000°W﻿ / -64.80000; -60.10000﻿ (Base Matienzo))
* Bigen Island (Marshall Islands[102] [ ⚑ ] 8°21′52″N 171°02′34″E﻿ / ﻿8.36458°N 171.04284°E﻿ / 8.36458; 171.04284﻿ (Bigen island))
* Bikini Atoll (Atoll in the Pacific, launches in conjunction with nuclear bomb tests,  [ ⚑ ] 11°36′54″N 165°33′11″E﻿ / ﻿11.61498°N 165.55293°E﻿ / 11.61498; 165.55293﻿ (Bikini Atoll))
* Dumont d'Urville (Antarctica,  [ ⚑ ] 64°40′12″S 140°01′12″E﻿ / ﻿64.67000°S 140.02000°E﻿ / -64.67000; 140.02000﻿ (Dumont d'Urville))

* Eniwetok (Atoll in the Pacific, launches in conjunction with nuclear bomb tests,  [ ⚑ ] 11°20′24″N 162°19′30″E﻿ / ﻿11.33991°N 162.32493°E﻿ / 11.33991; 162.32493﻿ (Eniwetok))
* Guam,  [ ⚑ ] 13°35′49″N 144°54′09″E﻿ / ﻿13.59692°N 144.90248°E﻿ / 13.59692; 144.90248﻿ (Guam))
* Johnston Atoll (Pacific island,  [ ⚑ ] 16°43′59″N 169°31′47″W﻿ / ﻿16.73294°N 169.52980°W﻿ / 16.73294; -169.52980﻿ (Johnston))
* Kerguelen (South Pacific island,  [ ⚑ ] 49°21′08″S 70°13′09″E﻿ / ﻿49.35220°S 70.21914°E﻿ / -49.35220; 70.21914﻿ (Kerguelen))
* Kindley Air Force Base (Bermuda islands,  [ ⚑ ] 32°21′42″N 64°41′09″W﻿ / ﻿32.36179°N 64.68583°W﻿ / 32.36179; -64.68583﻿ (Kindley))
* McMurdo Station (Antarctica,  [ ⚑ ] 77°51′00″S 166°39′36″E﻿ / ﻿77.85000°S 166.66000°E﻿ / -77.85000; 166.66000﻿ (McMurdo))

* Molodyozhnaya (Antarctica),  [ ⚑ ] 67°39′36″S 45°51′00″E﻿ / ﻿67.66000°S 45.85000°E﻿ / -67.66000; 45.85000﻿ (Molodezhnaya Station))
* Rarotonga (Cook Islands,  [ ⚑ ] 21°12′09″S 159°48′22″W﻿ / ﻿21.20237°S 159.80614°W﻿ / -21.20237; -159.80614﻿ (Rarotonga))
* Rothera (Antarctica,  [ ⚑ ] 67°34′01″S 68°07′01″W﻿ / ﻿67.56700°S 68.11700°W﻿ / -67.56700; -68.11700﻿ (Rothera))
* Siple (Antarctica,  [ ⚑ ] 75°56′24″S 84°14′53″W﻿ / ﻿75.94000°S 84.24810°W﻿ / -75.94000; -84.24810﻿ (Siple))
* Syowa Base (Antarctica,  [ ⚑ ] 69°00′00″S 39°34′48″E﻿ / ﻿69.00000°S 39.58000°E﻿ / -69.00000; 39.58000﻿ (Syowa Base))
* Vicecomodoro Marambio Station (Antarctica,  [ ⚑ ] 64°16′12″S 56°43′12″W﻿ / ﻿64.27000°S 56.72000°W﻿ / -64.27000; -56.72000﻿ (Vicecomodoro))
* Wake Island (Pacific island,  [ ⚑ ] 19°17′24″N 166°37′04″E﻿ / ﻿19.28997°N 166.61768°E﻿ / 19.28997; 166.61768﻿ (Wake Island))

|
|

## See also

* Launch pad
* Spaceport, including lists of spaceports that have achieved satellite launches and launches of humans
* List of launch complexes

## References

1. ↑ "Hammaguira". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/hamguira.htm.
2. ↑ "Kapani Tonneo". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kaponneo.htm.
3. ↑ "Jabal Hamzah". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/j/jabalhamzah.html.
4. ↑ "Egypt – Missile". James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. https://www.nti.org/learn/countries/egypt/delivery-systems/.
5. ↑ "San Marco". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/s/sanmarco.html. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
6. ↑ "Tawiwa". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/tawiwa.htm.
7. ↑ "Overberg". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/overberg.htm.
8. ↑ "Jiuquan". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/jiuquan.htm.
9. ↑ "Taiyuan". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/taiyuan.htm.
10. ↑ ""嫦娥一号"发射时间确定 但未到公布时机". XINHUA Online. July 7, 2007. http://news3.xinhuanet.com/tech/2007-07/07/content_6340313.htm.
11. ↑ "Xichang". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/xichang.htm.
12. ↑ Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) , ISRO
13. ↑ "Sriharikota". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/sriikota.htm.
14. ↑ "India Fourth To Test ASAT, Pioneered By US, Soviet Union 60 Years Ago". https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/asat-launch-india-fourth-to-test-asat-once-pioneered-by-us-ussr-60-years-ago-2013869. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
15. ↑ "Qom". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/qom.htm.
16. ↑ "Emamshahr". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/emashahr.htm.
17. ↑ "Al Anbar". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/alanbar.htm.
18. ↑ "Palmachim". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/palachim.htm.
19. ↑ "Kagoshima". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kagshima.htm.
20. ↑ "Tanegashima". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/tanshima.htm.
21. ↑ "Space Port Kii". https://www.space-one.co.jp/site/index_e.html.
22. ↑ "Error: no `|title=` specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Business Support Center. http://www.jmbsc.or.jp/jp/offline/cd0710.html.Error:+no+`|title=`+specified when+using+{{[[Template:Cite+web|Cite+web]]}}&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Japan+Meteorological+Business+Support+Center&rft_id=http://www.jmbsc.or.jp/jp/offline/cd0710.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikibooks.org:Engineering:List_of_rocket_launch_sites">
23. ↑ (in ja)Electronic Equipment Research Institute / Advanced Technology Promotion Center Headquarters Kobo [newsletter] (General Affairs Division, General Affairs Department, Technology Research Headquarters, Ministry of Defense) (503): 2. 8 March 2010. https://www.mod.go.jp/trdi/data/pdf/kouhou/503.pdf.
24. ↑ "Niijima". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/n/niijima.html.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Obachi". Astronautix.com. http://www.astronautix.com/o/obachi.html.
26. ↑ "Baikonur". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/sites/baikonur.htm.
27. ↑ "Musudan". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/musudan.htm.
28. ↑ "Sohae Satellite Launching Station : Facilities". http://www.nti.org/facilities/202/.
29. ↑ "Goheung". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/goheung.htm.
30. ↑ "Kookaburra". http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/kooburra.htm.
31. ↑ Missile Facilities – Flight Test Range, Sonmiani Beach , NTI
32. ↑ "Sonmiani". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/sonmiani.htm.
33. ↑ "Svobodniy". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/svoodniy.htm.
34. ↑ "Dombarovsky". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/domvskiy.htm.
35. ↑ "New Russian spaceport: Vostochny Cosmodrome". http://scitechstory.com/2010/07/20/new-russian-spaceport-vostochny-cosmodrome/.
36. ↑ "First rocket launch from Russia's Far Eastern Vostochny spaceport". http://tass.ru/en/science/873017.
37. ↑ ISRO plan more launches, Rediff, January 05, 2014
38. ↑ "北海道スペースポート｜HOKKAIDO SPACEPORT". https://hokkaidospaceport.com/en/.
39. ↑ "Interstellar Technologies Inc. - Launch Complex" (in en). https://www.istellartech.com/en/launch/launch-complex.
40. ↑ Tucker, Spencer C. (2020). Weapons and Warfare: From Ancient and Medieval Times to the 21st Century. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-4408-6728-6.
41. ↑ "Andoya". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/andoya.htm.
42. ↑ "Kapustin Yar". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kapinyar.htm.
43. ↑ "El Arenosillo Launch Log". http://www.sat-net.com/serra/list_arn.htm.
44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "Sweden's First Rocket Launch". Norrbottens Museum. https://www.ushnorrbotten.se/en/fodelse/plutnik/.
45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 "Kiruna". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kiruna.htm.
46. ↑ "Hebrides rocket launch: The space milestone we almost missed". 3 February 2016. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-35482244.
47. ↑ "SSC - Swedish Space Corporation - SSC". http://www.ssc.se/?id=9500.
48. ↑ Whitehouse, Richard; Smith, Colleen (4 July 2018). "Spaceport 'positive announcement' as Newquay bids to be first in Europe". https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/spaceport-positive-announcement-newquay-bids-1746883.
49. ↑ "BBC". BBC News. 9 November 2018. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-46150861.
50. ↑ Scottish spaceport formally approved by Highland Council, William Graham, NasaSpaceFlight.com, 20 August 2020.
51. ↑ "Público". 21 December 2018. https://www.publico.pt/2018/12/21/ciencia/noticia/agencia-espacial-portuguesa-arranca-ja-2019-1855535.
52. ↑ fiskeridepartementet, Nærings-og (2019-12-13). "Meld. St. 10 (2019–2020)" (in no). https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/meld.-st.-10-20192020/id2682361/.
53. ↑ "El digital de Canarias". http://www.eldigitaldecanarias.net/index.php/ventanas-de-opinion/5934-el-hierro-vuelve-a-ser-objetivo-de-una-lanzadera.
54. ↑ "Virgin space companies sign new agreements with Italy". 8 July 2018. https://spacenews.com/virgin-space-companies-sign-new-agreements-with-italy/.
55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 Wade, Mark. "Resolute Bay". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/f/fortchurchill.html. Retrieved 11 December 2025.
56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 Wade, Mark. "Resolute Bay". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/r/resolutebay.html. Retrieved 11 December 2025.
57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 Wade, Mark. "Hall Beach". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/h/hallbeach.html. Retrieved 11 December 2025.
58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Wade, Mark. "Southend". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/s/southend.html. Retrieved 11 December 2025.
59. ↑ "Nova Scotia company says it has launched its second suborbital test rocket". The Canadian Press. 20 November 2025. https://www.thecanadianpressnews.ca/science/nova-scotia-company-says-it-has-launched-its-second-suborbital-test-rocket/article_0f400d85-039e-5e33-8173-056753f5cbd6.html.
60. ↑ Howell, Elizabeth (6 July 2023). "MLS, Space Community Celebrates Debut Student Rocket Launch at Spaceport Nova Scotia". SpaceQ (London, Ontario: SpaceQ Media Inc.). https://spaceq.ca/mls-space-community-celebrates-sebut-student-rocket-launch-at-spaceport-nova-scotia/.
61. ↑ "Spaceport Nova Scotia". https://www.maritimelaunch.com/our-launch-services.
62. ↑ "Thule AFB". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/thuleafb.htm.
63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 Lehman, Milton (1988). Robert H. Goddard: Pioneer of Space Research. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80331-4.
64. ↑ Black, Patrick (20 April 2015). "About Wallops". http://www.nasa.gov/centers/wallops/about/index.html.
65. ↑ White Sands , Astronautix
66. ↑ "Nevada Test Site". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/nevtsite.htm.
67. ↑ "Vandenberg –". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/vannberg.htm.
68. ↑ Crapsey, Aaron (October 15, 2016). "Keweenaw Rocket Range". Military History of the Upper Great Lakes. https://ss.sites.mtu.edu/mhugl/2016/10/15/keweenaw-rocket-range/.
69. ↑ Kodiak Launch Complex , AADC
70. ↑ "Welcome to Virginia Space". http://www.marsspaceport.com/.
71. ↑ "Rocket Lab Opens Launch Complex 2". 16 June 2020. https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-opens-launch-complex-2-confirms-u-s-air-force-payload-as-first-electron-mission-from-u-s-soil.
72. ↑ Alba, Diana M. (2009-01-01). "Virgin Galactic signs Spaceport America lease". Las Cruces Sun-News. http://www.lcsun-news.com/las_cruces-spaceport/ci_11348304.
73. ↑ "Governor Bill Richardson Announces Spaceport America and Virgin Galactic Sign Historic Lease Agreement" (Press release). New Mexico Spaceport Authority. 2008-12-31. Archived from the original on 2009-01-03. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
74. ↑ "Spaceport America - The world's invitation to space". http://www.spaceportamerica.com.
75. ↑ "Spaceport America". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/spaerica.htm.
76. ↑ "Billion-dollar 'Space Port' business could be headed to Maine if state legislator has her way". November 2019. https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/news/local/bath-brunswick/legislator-proposes-study-of-maine-space-port-that-could-net-billions-in-nanosatellite-market/97-56326ade-87f0-470b-9b91-d7daab7a25a0.
77. ↑ "BluShift Aerospace". https://www.blushiftaerospace.com/.
78. ↑ "Canada's First Commercial Spaceport". https://www.nordspace.com/spaceport.
79. ↑ PlanetSpace still plans to blast-off from Cape Breton, chairman says, CBC News, February 21, 2008
80. ↑ Rocketeers pick Canadian launch site, NBC News, June 2, 2005
81. ↑ "Oklahoma Spaceport website". http://www.okspaceport.state.ok.us/.
82. ↑ Spaceport Oklahoma Licensed by FAA, SpecRef.com, October 15, 2001
83. ↑ "ASPI Group - Space Port Washington". http://www.aspigroup.com/properties_aerospace_spaceport/spaceport.htm.
84. ↑ "Spaceport Site Plan and General Arrangement, 2005". http://www.aspigroup.com/properties_aerospace_spaceport/industrialspaceport3.jpg.
85. ↑ Times, Seattle (21 March 2017). "SEC accuses investor visa developer in Renton of deceiving investors". https://www.oregonlive.com/business/2017/03/sec_accuses_eb-5_developer_in.html.
86. ↑ "SEC v. ANDY SHIN FONG CHEN AND AERO SPACE PORT INTERNATIONAL GROUP". https://eb5projects.com/litigation/83.
87. ↑ "Andy Shin Fong Chen, et al. (Release No. LR-23778; Mar. 15, 2017)". https://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/2017/lr23778.htm.
88. ↑ "RFP for Vertical Space Launch Facility at Roosevelt Roads, Ceiba, Puerto Rico". December 30, 2024. https://docs.pr.gov/files/RooseveltRoads/2024/RFP/RFP-2024-004/RFP-2024-004 - Vertical Space Launch.pdf.
89. ↑ "Aniversario del Lanzamiento del Vehículo Vex 1B y próximos pasos del proyecto Tronador II". http://www.conae.gov.ar/index.php/espanol/2015/804-comunicado-aniversario-del-lanzamiento-del-vehiculo-vex-1b.
90. ↑ "Chilca". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/sites/chilca.htm. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
91. ↑ "Chilca PLOB". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/c/chilcaplob.html. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
92. ↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "Sites [List of launch sites"]. http://planet4589.org/space/lvdb/sdb/Sites.
93. ↑ Garrick, Matt (10 December 2024). "NT space base that launched NASA rockets to cease operations" (in en-AU). https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-12-10/arnhem-land-space-project-cease-operations-queensland-move-ela/104707840.
94. ↑ "Missions Launched". https://www.rocketlabusa.com/launch/electron/.
95. ↑ "Electron". https://www.rocketlabusa.com/missions/missions-launched/.
96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 Nicholls, Matt. "Race is on to build Cape York spaceport" (in en). https://capeyorkweekly.com.au/race-is-on-to-build-cape-york-spaceport/2647/.
97. ↑ Spaceports Around the World: Australia's Woomera and Weipa Spaceports, spacetoday.org
98. ↑ "Cape York". http://www.astronautix.com/sites/capeyork.htm.
99. ↑ Carruthers, Peter (5 October 2023). "Space Centre Australia secures 88ha land parcel at Cape York known as Utingu" (in en-AU). https://dsf.newscorpaustralia.com/cairnspost/subscription/.
100. ↑ "Christmas Island". http://www.astronautix.com/c/christmasisland.html.
101. ↑ "High Speed Flight Demonstration "HSFD"". 1 July 2003. https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/rockets/hsfd/.
102. ↑ "USAKA Temporary Extended Test Range". GlobalSecurity.org. February 2, 2000. https://www.globalsecurity.org/space/library/report/enviro/usakaeaes.pdf.

## External links

* Overview of rocket launch sites worldwide – astronautix.com
* Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral – nasa.gov
* Description and map of Cape Canaveral – astronautix.com
* Missile Range Tool – Carlos Labs
* Baikonur – russianspaceweb.com
* Description and map of Baikonur – astronautix.com
* Description and map of Kourou – astronautix.com
* Rocket launch site Kiruna – astronautix.com
* Homepage of Esrange – ssc.se
* Rocket launch site Salto di Quirra – astronautix.com

* v
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