Longest trains

Short description: None

Mauritania Railway iron ore train at the station in Nouadhibou.

The length of a train may be measured in number of wagons (commonly used for bulk commodities such as coal and iron ore) or in metres for general freight. On electrified railways, particularly those using lower-voltage systems such as 3 kV DC and 1.5 kV DC, train lengths and loads are often limited by traction and power supply constraints. Other limiting factors include drawgear (coupler) strength, coupling systems, track curvature, gradients, and the lengths of crossing loops (passing sidings).

The development of distributed power—where locomotives are placed mid-train or at the rear of the consist and remotely controlled from the lead unit—has enabled the operation of very long freight trains, sometimes exceeding 6 kilometres (3.7 mi; 20,000 ft) in length. By distributing traction and braking forces more evenly throughout the train, this configuration allows for longer and heavier consists while reducing the risk of derailment, particularly on curves.

The longest train to date was a bulk iron ore train operated by BHP in Western Australia in 2001 that was 7.352 km (4.568 mi) long and had 682 wagons pulled by 8 locomotives.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Bulk
* 2 General
* 3 Special test runs
* 3.1 Bulk (ore, coal etc)
* 3.2 General cargo
* 3.3 Passenger
* 4 See also
* 5 References

## Bulk

A BHP Billiton Iron Ore train with 264 cars heads out of Port Hedland on the Mount Newman railway towards Newman, Western Australia, with lead units at right, and distributed power units at left.[2]

* Australia
* BHP iron ore train has typically 268 cars and a train weight of 43,000 tonnes carrying 24,200 tonnes of iron ore, 2.8 km (1.7 mi) long, two SD70ACe locomotives at the head of the train and two remote controlled SD70ACe locomotives as mid-train helpers.[3]
* BHP used to run 44,500-tonne, 336-car long iron ore trains over 3 km (1.9 mi) long, with six to eight locomotives including an intermediate remote unit. This operation seems to have ceased since the trunk line was fully double tracked in May 2011.[4]
* Leigh Creek coal—2.8 km (1.7 mi), formerly ran as 161 wagons and three locomotives.[5][6]
* Cane tramway – 75 wagons (610 mm (2 ft) gauge).[7]
* Brazil
* Carajás Railway 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) gauge iron ore trains are typically 330 cars long, totaling 3 km (1.9 mi) in length.[8]
* VLI 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) Grain with 160 hopper cars, or 80 hoppers plus 72 FTTs (for pulp transport) totaling about 3.2 km (2.0 mi) long.[9]
* China
* Datong–Qinhuangdao railway is a dedicated coal-transport railway. Every day 50 pairs of 2.6 km (1.6 mi) long trains consisting of 210 wagons and two HXD1 locomotives use the line. Each train hauls over 20,000 tons of coal.[10][11][12]
* Mauritania
* Iron ore trains on the Mauritania Railway are up to 3 km (1.9 mi) in length. They consist of 2 diesel-electric EMD locomotives, 200 to 210 cars each carrying up to 84 tons of iron ore, and 2-3 service cars.
* South Africa
* Sishen–Saldanha railway line ore trains on 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) – 4.1 km (2.5 mi)[13]
* Ukraine
* 12,000 tonnes [14]

## General

A BNSF train of loaded well cars (or double-stack cars) at Caliente, California, United States. A Canadian National Railway double-stack container train.

* >5,000 metres (16,500 ft) – United States – BNSF Railway and Union Pacific Railroad (UP) regularly operate intermodal container trains exceeding 5,000 metres (16,500 ft) in length on main lines in the western United States. On the UP, these trains can stretch to over 6,100 metres (20,000 ft) with 5 locomotives and 280 well cars.[15] Trains longer than 4,000 metres (13,200 ft) accounted for approximately 6% of BNSF's and 10% of UP's total train volume as of December 2024[update]. The practice has drawn criticism due to concerns about blocked road crossings, which can cause delays for motorists and impede emergency response times.[16] Railroads have argued that longer trains improve efficiency, lower emissions, and reduce the number of crossing activations, the most likely time for a collisions between a train and vehicles.[17] According to the Association of American Railroads, fewer than 1% of trains in the United States exceed 4,300 metres (14,000 ft) in length.[18]
* 1,222 metres (4,009 ft) – India – The Bangalore–Dharmavaram goods train[19]
* 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) – United States – Auto Train, an Amtrak motorail service transporting passengers and their cars between the Washington, D.C. and Orlando regions. Typical consist includes 2 or 3 locomotives, 14 passenger cars and more than 23 autoracks for transporting vehicles.[20][21][22]
* 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) – Saudi Arabia double stack[23]
* 835 metres (2,740 ft) — In Denmark and to Hamburg, Germany; 2 locomotives and 82 wagons.[24][25]

## Special test runs

These are one-off runs, sometimes specifically to set records.

### Bulk (ore, coal etc)

* On 21 June 2001, BHP ran a world record-breaking ore train on the 275 km (171 mi) 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) gauge line iron ore railway to Port Hedland in Western Australia. The train, comprising 682 wagons and hauled by eight 6,000 hp (4,500 kW) General Electric GE AC6000CW diesel-electric locomotives, was controlled by a single driver. The eight locomotives were distributed along its length to keep the coupling loads and curve performance controllable. The total length of the train was 7.352 km (4.568 mi) long, with a total weight 99,734 tons, largest in the world.[26][1][27] The train carried 82,000 metric tons of ore.[28]
* Sishen–Saldanha, South Africa. Run on 26–27 August 1989, comprising 660 wagons, 7.302 kilometres (4.537 mi) long and a total weight of 71,765 tons on a 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) gauge line. The train comprised 16 locomotives (9 Class 9E 50 kV AC electric and 7 Class 37 diesel-electric).[29][30]
* Norfolk and Western Railway unit coal train from Iaeger, West Virginia to Portsmouth, Ohio, 15 November 1967. The train consisted of 500 cars and six EMD SD45 diesel-electric locomotives distributed throughout the train for a total weight of 48,170 tons and total length of 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi).[31]
* Bulk coal train from Ekibastuz to the Urals, Soviet Union, 20 February 1986. The train consisted of 439 wagons and several diesel locomotives distributed along the train with a total mass of 43,400 tonnes and a total length of 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi).[32]
* Indian Railways operated a freight train on 8 August 2025 termed as 'Rudrastra'. It is India's longest freight train, measuring at 4.5 km (2.8 mi) long. The train consisted of 354 wagons and powered by 7 WAG 9 locomotive. It ran between Ganjkhwaja to Garhwa Road, covering the 200-km route at an average speed of 45 km/h.[33]
* Shuozhou–Huanghua railway is a heavy haul freight railway that has successfully tested 30,000 ton coal trains that stretch over 4 km (2.5 mi) in April 2024. The train consists of 324 cars wagons hauled with four China Energy Investment HXD1 variants.[34][35]
* Datong–Qinhuangdao railway, China. On 2 April 2014, an experimental train ran with 320 wagons and six locomotives hauling a 31,500 ton load, with a total length of 3.971 km (2.467 mi).[36]
* Indian Railways operated a freight train on 15 August 2022 named The 'Super Vasuki' which was 3.5 km (2.2 mi) long had a total of 6 locomotives pulling 295 wagons of coal.[37]
* Kereta Api Indonesia, Super Babaranjang, the test train consisted of 120 coal cars with 4 EMD G26 locomotives. The consist was roughly 1.7 km (1.1 mi) long.[38]
* A 1991 test train pulled by two British Rail Class 59 diesel locomotives, weighing 12,108 tonnes and approximately 1.65 km (1.03 mi) long, was pulled with moderate success from Merehead Quarry to Witham Friary.[39]

### General cargo

* SNCF, Intermediate locomotives in a 1,524 metres (5,000 ft) long train – trial[40]
* trial trains 1,000 metres (3,300 ft)[41]

### Passenger

* Kijfhoek–Eindhoven, Netherlands. In 1989, the Nederlandse Spoorwegen (Dutch Railways) celebrated their 150th anniversary. On 19 February 1989, NS ran a test train with 60 passenger cars (1,602 metres (5,256 ft) long and weighing 2,597 tons), of which only the first 14 cars held actual passengers, pulled by one 1500 V DC locomotive.[42] Twenty years later, in 2009, Railz Miniworld repeated the stunt on a smaller scale, inside their exhibition in Rotterdam.[43]
* Ghent–Ostend, Belgium. On 27 April 1991, one electric locomotive and 70 passenger cars (totalling 1,733 m (5,685.70 ft) and 2786 tons, excluding the locomotive) held a charity run for the Belgian Cancer Fund, exceeding the Dutch record.[42]
* Rhaetian Railway, Switzerland. On 29 October 2022, the Rhaetian Railway celebrated the 175th anniversary of Swiss railways with an hour-long, 25-kilometre (16 mi) journey from Preda to Alvaneu in southeast Switzerland. The train had 25 4-car ABe 4/16 "Capricorn" EMUs, totalling 100 coaches with a total length of 1,910 metres (6,270 ft); it ran on a narrow-gauge railway over several switchbacks and long curves.[44][45]

## See also

* High-speed rail
* Track gauge
* Extreme Trains on the History Channel 2009
* List of steepest gradients on adhesion railways
* International Heavy Haul Association
* Longest road trains

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 International, Railway Gazette (2001-08-01). "BHP breaks its own 'heaviest train' record" (in en). https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/bhp-breaks-its-own-heaviest-train-record/29603.article.
2. ↑ According to count of visible cars in the pic and Google Earth imagery of 2011.
3. ↑ According to count of visible cars in Google Earth imagery of April 2015.
4. ↑ "BHP RGP5 Railway. Pilbara Region. Australia". http://www.laingorourke.com/our-work/all-projects/bhp-rgp5-railway.aspx.
5. ↑ "The longest coal train in the world?". http://www.pomgonewalkabout.com/Page3.htm.
6. ↑ "Leigh Creek Coal Now Major Asset.". The Advertiser (Adelaide): p. 3. 7 October 1954. https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47597445.
7. ↑ Light Railways October 2013, pg 22
8. ↑ "Estrada de Ferro Carajás" (in pt). http://www.vale.com/pt-br/o-que-fazemos/logistica/ferrovias/estrada-de-ferro-carajas/paginas/default.aspx.
9. ↑ "VLI começa operar frota de locomotivas da Ferrovia Norte Sul" (in pt). http://www.oprogressonet.com/geral/vli-comeca-operar-frota-de-locomotivas-da-ferrovia-norte-sul/47105.html.
10. ↑ "2万吨重载！中国最长火车有多难开？全国只有600多人有资格" (in zh). 凤凰网. 2022-03-30. https://tech.ifeng.com/c/8EnbR8ZLo2N.
11. ↑ sina_mobile (2021-11-19). "来数车厢！中国最长的火车，总长度约2614.3米，平均12分钟开出一趟！". https://finance.sina.cn/chanjing/gdxw/2021-11-19/detail-iktzqtyu8192315.d.html.
12. ↑ 张天磊. ""中国重载第一路"大秦铁路2023年货运量超4亿吨". https://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202401/04/WS6596463aa310af3247ffaceb.html.
13. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.ihha2011.org/doc-pdf/heavy_haul_operations_south_africa.pdf.
14. ↑ Heaviest UA
15. ↑ Stephens, Bill (24 June 2024). "RailState shines spotlight on Union Pacific and BNSF train length in Southwest". Trains. ISSN 0041-0934. https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/railstate-shines-spotlight-on-union-pacific-and-bnsf-train-length-in-southwest/. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
16. ↑ "Long Trains in the U.S. Southwest" (in en-US). 2025-01-07. https://www.railwayage.com/freight/class-i/long-trains-in-the-u-s-southwest/.
17. ↑ "Trains of All Lengths Keep Economies on Track" (in en). https://www.up.com/up/aboutup/community/inside_track/train-length-insights-it-240918.htm.
18. ↑ "Freight Rail & Train Length – AAR". https://www.aar.org/issue/freight-train-length/.
19. ↑ India's longest goods train - 1.2 km (0.75 mi) long – Indian Railways.
20. ↑ Otte, Steven (27 January 2022). "Ask MR: Modeling the Amtrak Auto Train" (in en-US). https://www.trains.com/mrr/beginners/ask-trains/ask-mr-modeling-the-amtrak-auto-train/. "Today, the typical Amtrak Auto-Train consist is a transition sleeper for the crew, six sleepers for passengers, four coaches, one diner, one lounge, one café car, and upwards of 23 auto racks. Depending on its length, the train is pulled by two or three General Electric Dash-9 P40DC diesel-electric locomotives, standard for the Amtrak fleet."
21. ↑ Robbins, Jenna Rose (2021-07-16). "Amtrak Auto Train: Pros & Cons" (in en-US). https://jennarobbins.com/2021/07/amtrak-auto-train-pro-cons/.
22. ↑ Britton, Jerry (1 February 2022). "Amtrak Auto Train". https://jbritton.pennsyrr.com/index.php/post-pennsy/other-railroads-articles-blog/latest-articles-blog-postpennsy/593-amtrak-auto-train.
23. ↑ Railway Gazette International April 2011
24. ↑ "835 m lange Güterzüge zwischen Padborg (DK) und Maschen geplant". http://fahrweg.dbnetze.com/fahrweg-de/start/technik/innovationen/2359020/laengere_gueterzuege.html.
25. ↑ Modern Railways November 2012, p78
26. ↑ "Hamersley Freight Line". Railway Technology. http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/hamersley-freight-line/.
27. ↑ "Iron Ore and Boodarie Iron – Our Operations – Rail". 2004-06-24. http://ironore.bhpbilliton.com/operations/rail.asp.
28. ↑ "BHP breaks its own 'heaviest train' record". Railway Gazette International. 1 August 2001. ISSN 0373-5346. https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/bhp-breaks-its-own-heaviest-train-record/29603.article. Retrieved 2016-01-07.
29. ↑ "Four world rain records shattered by the SA Transport Services (1989)". http://www.rra.co.za/?p=7614.
30. ↑ Forsyth, David (19 December 1996). "Re: Longest freight train in the U.S." Newsgroup: misc.transport.rail.americas. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
31. ↑ "Norfolk Southern Corp" (in en). https://www.facebook.com/norfolksouthern/posts/10155920735527548.
32. ↑ "Kazakhstan railways". http://www.railways.kz/en/node/509.
33. ↑ "'Rudrastra': India's longest freight train hits tracks; 354 wagons linked, 7 locos power 4.5 km run; Watch video". The Times of India. 2025-08-09. ISSN 0971-8257. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rudrastra-indias-longest-freight-train-hits-tracks-354-wagons-linked-7-locos-power-4-5-km-run-watch-video/articleshow/123194237.cms.
34. ↑ 戴萌萌. "总长超4公里！我国最大货运重载列车顺利到达黄骅港站". https://news.cctv.com/2024/04/20/ARTI8Xe4OyKqLK9HFq05IkuU240420.shtml.
35. ↑ "3万吨！我国载重最大货运列车运行试验成功-中国科技网". http://www.stdaily.com/index/kejixinwen/202404/f19d5be9e0b14668a167e494ac15d3e9.shtml.
36. ↑ "我国铁路成功实现3万吨重载列车试验运行" (in zh). 新华网. 2014-04-08. http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2014-04/08/c_126365538.htm.
37. ↑ "Meet Indian Railways' Super Vasuki: India's longest 3.5 km train with 6 Locos and 295 wagons". zeenews.india.com. 2022-08-17. https://zeenews.india.com/railways/meet-indian-railways-super-vasuki-indias-longest-3-5-km-train-with-6-locos-and-295-wagons-2498063.html.
38. ↑ Railway Gazette International November 2010, p56
39. ↑ Peaty, Ian P. (2014). Stone by rail. Kettering: Silver Link Publishing. pp. 132–133. ISBN 978-1-85794-422-8.
40. ↑ Railway Gazette International May 2014, pg9
41. ↑ Modern Railways Jan 2009, p71
42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "De langste reizigerstrein ter wereld" (in nl). http://www.feijenoordsemeesters.nl/LRtW/index.html.
43. ↑ "De langste reizigerstrein ter wereld in Railz Miniworld in Rotterdam" (in nl). http://www.feijenoordsemeesters.nl/LRT_RailZ/LRT_RailZ.htm.
44. ↑ "Swiss claim record for the world's longest passenger train" (in en). SwissInfo. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/culture/swiss-claim-record-for-the-world-s-longest-passenger-train/48015720.
45. ↑ Jones, Ben (31 October 2022). "Why Switzerland built a 2-kilometer-long train". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/world-record-train-switzerland/index.html.

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