Phototendering

Phototendering is the process by which organic fibres and textiles lose strength and flexibility due to exposure to sunlight. The ultraviolet component of the sun's spectrum affects fibres, causing chain degradation and, hence, loss of strength. Colour fade is a common problem in phototendering.[1]

## Contents

* 1 UV degradation
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## UV degradation

The rate of deterioration is also affected by pigments and dyes present in the textiles. Pigments can also be affected, generally fading after UVA and UVB radiation exposure.[1] Great care is needed to preserve museum artefacts from the harmful effects of UV light, which can also be present in fluorescent lamps, such as ancient textiles.[2] Paintings such as watercolours need protection from sunlight to preserve the original colours.[3]

Many synthetic polymers are also degraded by UV light, and polypropylene is especially susceptible.[4] As a result, UV stabilisers are added to many thermoplastics. Ultraviolet absorbers such as carbon black are also effective in protecting products against UV degradation.[5]

Effect of UV exposure on polypropylene rope

## See also

* Polymer degradation
* UV Stabilizers in plastics

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Smith, Gerald J; Miller, Ian J; Daniels, Vincent (2005-01-15). "Phototendering of wool sensitized by naturally occurring polyphenolic dyes". Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 169 (2): 147–152. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.06.014. ISSN 1010-6030. Bibcode: 2005JPPA..169..147S. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1010603004003120.
2. ↑ Hardwick, Graham. "chembytes e-zine 2001 – Colours of the North". https://chemsoc.org/chembytes/ezine/2001/butler_apr01.htm.
3. ↑ Feller, Robert L. (1995) (in en). Accelerated Aging: Photochemical and Thermal Aspects. Getty Publications. ISBN 978-0-89236-125-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=wp1OAgAAQBAJ&q=watercolor&pg=PP1.
4. ↑ "Photochemistry in Dyestuffs and Polymer Technology" (in en). University of Glasgow. 1978. https://www.proquest.com/openview/83f8790120dd4fd8219e7fd766122571/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=51922&diss=y.
5. ↑ "Photodegradation of Wool and Wool Blend Fabrics in Relation to Their Use in Automotive Upholstery" (in en). University of Manchester. 1995. https://www.proquest.com/openview/c453cdd6498e076c909ae7556add445a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2026366&diss=y.

## External links

* Patent for Protection of Fibres from Phototendering

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