Rolls-Royce Trent

Short description: Family of turbofan aircraft engines

Template:Infobox aero engine

The Rolls-Royce Trent is a family of high-bypass turbofans produced by Rolls-Royce. It continues the three spool architecture of the RB211 with a maximum thrust ranging from 61,900 to 97,000 lbf (275 to 431 kN). Launched as the RB-211-524L in June 1988,[1] the prototype first ran in August 1990.[2] Its first variant is the Trent 700 introduced on the Airbus A330 in March 1995, then the Trent 800 for the Boeing 777 (1996), the Trent 500 for the A340 (2002), the Trent 900 for the A380 (2007), the Trent 1000 for the Boeing 787 (2011), the Trent XWB for the A350 (2015), and the Trent 7000 for the A330neo (2018). It also has marine and industrial variants such as the RR MT30.

## Contents

* 1 Development
* 2 Design
* 3 Variants
* 3.1 First Trent 600
* 3.2 Trent 700
* 3.3 Trent 800
* 3.4 Trent 8100
* 3.5 Trent 500
* 3.6 Trent 900
* 3.7 Second Trent 600
* 3.8 Trent 1000
* 3.8.1 Trent 7000
* 3.9 Trent 1500
* 3.10 Trent XWB
* 3.11 Non-aircraft variants
* 3.11.1 MT30 (Marine Turbine)
* 3.11.2 Industrial Trent 60 Gas Turbine
* 4 Operational history
* 4.1 Incidents
* 5 Research
* 5.1 Affordable Near-Term Low Emissions
* 5.2 Advanced Low-Pressure System (ALPS)
* 5.3 Advance
* 5.4 Advanced low-emission combustion system (ALECSys)
* 5.5 UltraFan
* 6 Applications
* 7 Specifications
* 8 See also
* 9 Footnotes
* 9.1 Notes
* 9.2 References
* 10 External links

## Development

Despite the success of the RB211, Rolls-Royce's share of the large civil turbofan market was only 8% when it was privatised in April 1987, the market being dominated by General Electric and Pratt & Whitney.[3] In June 1987, Rolls-Royce was studying whether to launch a 65,000 lbf (290 kN) thrust variant of the RB211, to be called the RB211-700, for the Airbus A330 twin-jet, the long-range Boeing 767 and the MD-11, derived from the 747-400's -524D4D, with growth potential to 70,000 lbf (310 kN).[4] By June 1988, Rolls-Royce was investing over $540 million to develop the uprated RB-211-524L with a new 95 in (240 cm) fan (up from 86 in (220 cm)) for the -524G/H and a fourth LP turbine stage up from three, targeting 65,000 to 70,000 lbf (290 to 310 kN).[5]

At the September 1988 Farnborough Airshow, the 65,000–72,000 lbf (290–320 kN) -524L development was confirmed, estimated at £300 million, to power the MD-11 and A330 as a full-scale model was unveiled by Frank Whittle.[1] In June 1989, the RB211-524L Trent was confirmed for the A330, rated at 74,000 lbf (330 kN).[6] Rated at 65,000 lbf (290 kN) for the MD-11, the Trent made its first run on 27 August 1990 in Derby.[2] By September 1992, the 94.6 in (240 cm) Trent 600 for the MD-11 was abandoned and prototypes were rebuilt as Trent 700 engines for the A330 with a 97.4 in (247 cm) fan.[7]

The UK government granted Rolls-Royce £450 million of repayable launch investment, repaid with interest, to develop the RB.211 engine and the Trent family up to the Trent 900.[8] Rolls-Royce obtained £200 million for the Trent 8104, 500 and 600 variants in 1997, and £250 million for the Trent 600 and 900 variants in 2001.

New proposed planes required higher thrust and customers wanted the Boeing 777 and Airbus A330 twinjets to fly Extended-range Twin-engine Operations at introduction. Rolls-Royce decided to offer an engine for every large civil airliner, based on a common core to lower development costs, and the three-shaft design provided flexibility, allowing each spool to be individually scaled. In keeping with Rolls-Royce's tradition of naming its jet engines after rivers,[9] the engine family is named after the River Trent in the Midlands of England, a name previously used for the RB.50, Rolls-Royce's first working turboprop engine; and the 1960s RB.203, a 9,980 lbf (44.4 kN) bypass turbofan and the first three-spool engine, designed to replace the Spey but never introduced. In 2019, Rolls-Royce delivered 510 Trent engines.[10]

## Design

Nickel-alloy high pressure turbine blades with cooling holes for use in gas hotter than their melting point A hollow titanium fan blade of the Trent XWB.

Like its RB211 predecessor, the Trent uses a concentric three-spool design rather than a two-spool configuration. The Trent family keeps a similar layout, but each spool can be individually scaled and can rotate more closely to its optimal speed. The core noise levels and exhaust emissions are lower than those of the RB211.

Hollow titanium fan blades with an internal Warren-girder structure achieve strength, stiffness and damage tolerance at low weight.[11] To operate in temperatures above their melting point, cooling air is bled from the compressor through laser-drilled holes in the hollow turbine blades, made from a single crystal of a nickel alloy and covered by thermal barrier coatings.[11] Each turbine blade removes up to 560 kW (750 hp) from the gas stream.[11]

In April 1998, the RB211-524HT was introduced for the 747-400 with the Trent 700 core, replacing the previous RB211-524G/H with 2% better TSFC, up to a 40% lower NOx emissions and a 50 °C cooler turbine.[12] The Trent 800 LP spool rotates at 3300 rpm,[13] its 110 in (279 cm) diameter fan tip travels at 482 m/s. The Trent 900's 116 in (290 cm) fan keeps a low mean jet velocity at take-off to lower the Airbus A380's noise.[14]

## Variants

### First Trent 600

At the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 programme launch at the end of 1986, the airframe was only offered with GE CF6-80C2 or PW4000 engines, however Rolls-Royce was preparing to propose the 747-400's RB211-524D4D rated at 58,000 lbf (260 kN).[15] By June 1988, Rolls-Royce was investing over $540 million to develop the uprated RB-211-524L with a new 95 in (240 cm) fan (up from 86 in (220 cm)) for the -524G/H and a fourth LP turbine stage up from three, targeting 65,000 to 70,000 lbf (290 to 310 kN).[5] Rated at 65,000 lbf (290 kN), the Trent made its first run on 27 August 1990 in Derby.[2] By July 1991, the MD-11 Trent was abandoned after the demise of Air Europe, its only customer.[16] By February 1992, there were four Trent 600 engines with a 94.6 in (240 cm) fan.[17] By September 1992, three had been rebuilt as Trent 700 engines for the A330 with a 97.4 in (247 cm) fan.[7]

### Trent 700

Main article: Engineering:Rolls-Royce Trent 700

The Trent 700 nacelle on the A330 has an exhaust mixer

Rolls-Royce was studying a RB211 development for the Airbus A330 at its launch in June 1987. The Trent 700 was first selected by Cathay Pacific in April 1989, first ran in summer 1992, was certified in January 1994[18] and put into service in March 1995. Keeping the characteristic three-shaft architecture[18] of the RB211, it is the first variant of the Trent family. With its 97.4 in (247 cm) fan for a 5:1 bypass ratio, it produces 300.3–316.3 kN (67,500–71,100 lbf) of thrust[18] and reaches an overall pressure ratio of 36:1.[19] It competes with the GE CF6-80E1 and the PW4000 to power the A330.

### Trent 800

Main article: Engineering:Rolls-Royce Trent 800

The Trent 800 is one of the engine options for the early Boeing 777 variants. Launched in September 1991,[20] it first ran in September 1993,[21] was granted EASA certification on 27 January 1995,[13] and entered service in 1996.[22] It reached a 40% market share,[23] ahead of the competing PW4000 and GE90, and the last Trent 800-powered 777 was delivered in 2010.[24] The Trent 800 has the Trent family three shaft architecture, with a 280 cm (110 in) fan.[25] With a 6.4:1 bypass ratio and an overall pressure ratio reaching 40.7:1, it generates up to 413.4 kN (92,900 lbf) of thrust.[13]

### Trent 8100

In the early Trent 800 studies in 1990, Rolls-Royce forecast a growth potential from 85,000 to 95,000 lbf (380 to 420 kN) with a new HP core.[25] By March 1997, Boeing studied 777-200X/300X growth derivatives for a September 2000 introduction: GE was proposing a 454 kN (102,000 lbf) GE90-102B, while P&W offered its 436 kN (98,000 lbf) PW4098 and Rolls-Royce was proposing a 437 kN (98,000 lbf) Trent 8100.[26] Rolls-Royce was also investigating another variant, the Trent 8102, which would produce over 445 kN (100,000 lbf) of thrust.[27] By December 1997, the -300X MTOW grew to 324,600 kg (715,600 lb).[28] The 454 kN (102,000 lbf) Trent 8104 design was to be completed by June 1998, while the -200X entry into service slipped to mid-2002.[29] Higher thrust was obtained with new swept fan blades while keeping a 2.79 m (110 in) fan.[29]

The 104,000 lbf (460 kN) Trent 8104 first ran on 16 December 1998, and exceeded 110,000 lbf (490 kN) of thrust five days later, before two other engines would join by mid-1999.[30] The swept fan blades produce 2–3% more flow at a given speed with the same 2.8 m (110 in) fan, for an additional 10,000 lbf (44 kN) of thrust, while fan efficiency is 1% better.[30] The HP compressor rotors and stators and the IP compressor stators were designed with 3D aerodynamics.[30] As the 777-200X/300X grew to a MTOW of 340,500 kg (750,700 lb), thrust requirements drifted to 110,000–114,000 lbf (490–510 kN).[30] The fan diameter was to reach 2.9 m (110 in) to increase the thrust.[30]

By June 1999, the 8104 served as a basis for the proposed 115,000 lbf (510 kN) Trent 8115, with a scaled core by 2.5% geometrically and 5% aerodynamically and a fan enlarged from 2.8 to 3.0 m (110 to 118 in), while keeping the Trent 800 architecture: an eight-stage IP compressor and a six-stage HP compressor both driven by a single-stage turbine, and a five-stage LP turbine.[31] In July 1999, Boeing selected the General Electric GE90 over the Trent 8115 and P&W offer to exclusively power the longer-range 777s, as GE offered to substantially finance the airframe's development, for around $100 million.[32] Rolls-Royce later dropped the Trent 8115 but continued to work on the Trent 8104 as a technology demonstrator.[33]

### Trent 500

Trent 500 on wing, cowlings open

Main article: Engineering:Rolls-Royce Trent 500

The Trent 500 exclusively powers the larger A340-500/600 variants. It was selected in June 1997,[34] first ran in May 1999,[35] first flew in June 2000,[36] and achieved certification on 15 December 2000.[37] It entered service in July 2002 and 524 engines were delivered on-wing until the A340 production ended in 2011. Keeping the three spool architecture of the Trent family, it has the Trent 700's 2.47 m (97 in) fan and a Trent 800 core scaled down.[36] It produces up to 275 kN (62,000 lbf) of thrust at take-off and has a bypass ratio up to 8.5:1 in cruise.[37]

### Trent 900

Main article: Engineering:Rolls-Royce Trent 900

Trent 900 on the A380 assembly line

The Trent 900 powers the Airbus A380, competing with the Engine Alliance GP7000. Initially proposed for the Boeing 747-500/600X in July 1996,[38] this first application was later abandoned but it was offered for the A3XX,[39] launched as the A380 in December 2000.[40] It first ran on 18 March 2003,[41] made its maiden flight on 17 May 2004 on an A340 testbed,[42] and was certified by the EASA on 29 October 2004.[43] Producing up to 374 kN (84,000 lbf), the Trent 900 has the same three shaft architecture of the Trent family with a 2.95 m (116 in) fan.[43] It has an 8.5–8.7:1 bypass ratio and a 37–39:1 overall pressure ratio.[44]

### Second Trent 600

In March 2000, Boeing was to launch the longer range 767-400ERX powered by 65,000–68,000 lbf (290–300 kN) engines, with deliveries planned for 2004.[45] In July, Rolls-Royce was to supply its Trent 600 for the 767-400ERX and Boeing 747X, while the European Union was limiting the Engine Alliance offer on quadjets.[46] The 68,000–72,000 lbf (300–320 kN) Trent 600 was scaled from the Trent 500 with a swept fan diameter raised to 2.59 m (102 in) for a higher bypass ratio and lower fuel burn.[46][47] Boeing offered the longer-range 767-400ERX with a higher MTOW and a higher thrust for better takeoff performance.[48] The 767-400ERX was dropped in 2001 to favour the Sonic Cruiser.[49] When Boeing launched the 747-8 in November 2005, it was exclusively powered by the General Electric GEnx.[50]

### Trent 1000

A Trent 1000 is being exhibited in Virginia Tech.

Main article: Engineering:Rolls-Royce Trent 1000

The Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 is one of the two engine options for the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, competing with the General Electric GEnx.[51] It first ran on 14 February 2006 and first flew on 18 June 2007 before a joint EASA/FAA certification on 7 August 2007 and service introduction on 26 October 2011.[52][53][54] The 53,000–78,000 lbf (240–350 kN) engine has a bypass ratio of over 10:1, a 2.8 m (110 in) fan, and the three-shaft layout characteristic of the Trent series.[55][56]

The updated Trent 1000 TEN with technology from the Trent XWB and the Advance3 aims for up to 3% better fuel burn.[57] It first ran in mid-2014, was EASA certified in July 2016, first flew on a 787 on 7 December 2016 and was introduced on 23 November 2017. Corrosion-related fatigue cracking of IP turbine blades was discovered in early 2016, grounding up to 44 aircraft and costing Rolls-Royce at least £1354 million. By early 2018 it had a 38% market share of the confirmed order book. The Trent 7000 is a version with bleed air used for the Airbus A330neo.

#### Trent 7000

Main article: Engineering:Rolls-Royce Trent 7000

As a direct derivative of Trent 1000, the Rolls-Royce Trent 7000 exclusively powers the Airbus A330neo. Announced on 14 July 2014,[58] it first ran on 27 November 2015,[59] made its first flight on 19 October 2017 aboard on an A330neo,[60] received its EASA type certification on 20 July 2018 as a Trent 1000 variant,[61] was first delivered on 26 November,[62] and was cleared for ETOPS 330 by 20 December.[63] Compared to the A330's Trent 700, the 68,000–72,000 lbf (300–320 kN) engine doubles the bypass ratio to 10:1 and halves emitted noise.[58] Pressure ratio is increased to 50:1 and it has a 112 in (280 cm) fan and a bleed air system.[64] Fuel consumption is improved by 11%.[65]

### Trent 1500

When the 380 t (840,000 lb) MTOW A340-600HGW first flew in November 2005, Airbus was studying an enhanced version of the larger A340 variants to enter service in 2011.[66] It would better compete with the 777-300ER and its 8–9% lower fuel burn than the A340-600: improved General Electric GEnx or Trent 1500 engines would erode this by 6–7%.[66] The Trent 1500 would keep the Trent 500's 2.47 m (97 in) fan diameter and nacelle, with the smaller, advanced Trent 1000 core and a revised LP turbine for a bypass ratio increased from 7.5–7.6:1 to 9.5:1.[66] The last A340 was delivered in 2011 as it was replaced by the updated A350XWB design.

### Trent XWB

The 3 m (120 in) fan of the Trent XWB

Main article: Engineering:Rolls-Royce Trent XWB

The Trent XWB was selected in July 2006 to exclusively power the Airbus A350 XWB.[67] The first engine was run on 14 June 2010,[68] it first flew on an Airbus A380 testbed on 18 February 2012,[69] was certified in early 2013,[70] and first flew on an A350 on 14 June 2013.[71] It keeps the characteristic three-shaft layout of the Trent, with a 3 m (120 in) fan, an IP and HP spool.[72] The XWB-84 generates up to 84,200 lbf (375 kN) of thrust and the XWB-97 up to 97,000 lbf (431 kN). The engine has a 9.6:1 bypass ratio and a 50:1 pressure ratio.[73] It had its first in-flight shutdown on 11 September 2018, as the fleet accumulated 2.2 million flight hours.[74] It is the most powerful among all Trent engines.

### Non-aircraft variants

#### MT30 (Marine Turbine)

Main article: Engineering:Rolls-Royce MT30

The MT30 (Marine Turbine) is a derivative of the Trent 800 (with a Trent 500 gearbox fitted), producing 36 MW for maritime applications. The current version is a turboshaft engine, producing 36 MW, using the Trent 800 core to drive a power turbine which takes power to an electrical generator or to mechanical drives such as waterjets or propellers. Amongst others, it powers the Royal Navy's Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers.

#### Industrial Trent 60 Gas Turbine

This derivative is designed for power generation and mechanical drive, much like the Marine Trent. It delivers up to 66 MW of electricity at 42% efficiency.[75] It comes in two key versions DLE (Dry Low Emission) and WLE (Wet Low Emission). The WLE is water injected, allowing it to produce 58 MW at ISO conditions instead of 52 MW. It shares components with the Trent 700 and 800.[75] The heat from the exhaust, some 416–433 °C,[75] can be used to heat water and drive steam turbines, improving efficiency of the package. Besides Rolls-Royce, the Trent 60 is also packaged by UK-based Centrax LTD,[76] a privately owned engineering firm based in Newton Abbot, UK.

## Operational history

First run in August 1990 as the model Trent 700, the Trent has achieved significant commercial success, having been selected as the launch engine for all three of the 787 variants (Trent 1000), the A380 (Trent 900) and the A350 (Trent XWB). Its overall share of the markets in which it competes is around 40%.[77] Sales of the Trent family of engines have made Rolls-Royce the second biggest supplier of large civil turbofans after General Electric,[78] relegating rival Pratt & Whitney to third position. By June 2019, the Trent family had completed over 125 million hours.[79]

British Airways and Thai Airways are currently the largest operator of Trents, with four variants in service or on order, followed by Singapore Airlines and Cathay Pacific with three variants in service.[lower-alpha 1]

### Incidents

On 17 January 2008, a British Airways Boeing 777-236ER, operating as Flight 38 from Beijing to London, crash-landed at Heathrow Airport after both Trent 800 engines lost power during the aircraft's final approach. The subsequent investigation found that ice released from the fuel system had accumulated on the fuel-oil heat exchanger, leading to a restriction of fuel flow to the engines.[81] This resulted in Airworthiness Directives mandating the replacement of the heat exchanger.[82] This order was extended to the 500 and 700 series engines after a similar loss of power was observed on one engine of an Airbus A330[82] in one incident, and both engines in another.[83] The modification involves replacing a face plate with many small protruding tubes with one that is flat.[84]

On 4 November 2010, a Qantas Airbus A380-842 (Registration VH-OQA), operating as Flight 32 en route from Singapore to Sydney, suffered an uncontained engine failure (explosion) in one of its four Trent 972-84. The cause was traced to an incorrectly manufactured oil feed stub pipe cracking and causing a turbine disc to overspeed and fracture.[85] In the aftermath of the incident, Qantas, Lufthansa and Singapore Airlines replaced their affected engines.[86] Rolls Royce would pay a $104m settlement to Qantas, and introduce safeguards including a software fix to shut down the engine during an overspeed event.[87]

## Research

### Affordable Near-Term Low Emissions

Between 1 March 2000 and 28 February 2005, the EU funded the EEFAE project, aiming to design and test two strategies to reduce CO
2 by 12–20% and nitrous oxides by up to 80% from 2007/2008, with an overall budget of €101.6 Million including €50.9 from the EU and coordinated by Rolls-Royce plc.[88] It was equally shared between the ANTLE demonstrator and the CLEAN programme for longer term technology applications.[89] The ANTLE programme targeted reductions of 12% in CO
2 emissions, 60% in [[Chemistry:Nitrogen oxide|Template:Nox]] emissions, 20% in acquisition cost, 30% in life cycle cost and 50% in development cycle, while improving reliability by 60%.[89] The test phase ended by summer 2005.[89]

The ANTLE engine was based on a Rolls-Royce Trent 500.[90] Rolls-Royce Deutschland was responsible for the high pressure compressor, Rolls-Royce UK for the combustion chamber and the high pressure turbine, Italian Avio for the intermediate pressure turbine, and ITP for the Low Pressure Turbine (LPT) and the external casing for an investment of €20.5 million, a 20% stake in the programme.[89] Volvo Aero was responsible for the rear turbine structures.[91] It has a new 5 stage HP compressor, a lean burn combustor and unshrouded HP turbine and a variable-geometry IP turbine. Hispano Suiza's new accessory gearbox, Goodrich's new distributed control system, and Techspace Aero's new oil system were also fitted.

### Advanced Low-Pressure System (ALPS)

After flight tests in 2014 of CTi fan blades with a titanium leading edge and carbon casing, they had indoor and outdoor tests in 2017, including crosswind, noise and tip clearance studies, flutter mapping, performance and icing conditions trials.[92] In late 2018 Rolls-Royce has ground tested its ALPS demonstrator: a Trent 1000 fitted with composite fan blades and case, including bird strike trials.[92][93]

### Advance

On 26 February 2014, Rolls-Royce detailed its Trent future developments. The Advance is the first design, which could be ready from the end of the 2020s and aims to offer at least 20% better fuel burn than the first generation of Trents.[94] The Advance bypass ratio should exceed 11:1 and its overall pressure ratio 60:1.[95]

In previous Trents, the HP spool was similar in all models and the engine grew by increasing the intermediate pressure spool's work. The Advance reverses this trend and the load is shifted towards the high pressure spool, with a greater pressure ratio, up to 10 compressor stages compared to 6 on the Trent XWB and a two-stage turbine replacing the current single-stage. The IP compressor will shrink from the 8 stages of today's XWB to 4 and the IP turbine will be single- rather than of two stages.[96]

The Advance3 ground-based demonstrator includes lean burn, run before on a Trent architecture only; ceramic matrix composite (CMC) for turbine high-temperature capability in the first stage seal segments and cast-bond first stage vanes; hybrid ball bearings with ceramic rollers running on metallic races, required to manage high load environments inside smaller cores.[97]

Opened in 2016, R-R's $30 million CMC facility in California produced its first parts, seals, for the start of their deployment before being used in the static components of the second-stage HP turbine.[98] The twin fuel-distribution system in the lean-burn combustor adds complexity with a sophisticated control and switching system and doubles the pipework but should improve fuel consumption and reduce [[Earth:NOx|Template:Nox]] emissions.[98] Hybrid ceramic bearings are newly configured to deal with loading changes and will cope with higher temperatures.[98]

More variable vanes in one IP and four HP compressor stages will be optimised for constant changes through the flight envelope.[98] An air pipe is produced by additive manufacturing and prototype components come from new suppliers.[98] The Advance3 will survey bearing load, water ingestion, noise sources and their mitigation, heat and combustor rumble while blade-tip, internal clearances and adaptive control operation are radiographed in-motion to verify the thermo-mechanical modelling.[98] The Boeing New Midsize Airplane needs falls in its thrust range.[98] Advanced cooled metallic components and ceramic matrix composite parts will be tested in a late 2018 demonstrator based on a Trent XWB-97 within the high temperature turbine technology (HT3) initiative.[98]

The core will be combined with a Trent XWB-84 fan and a Trent 1000 LP turbine for mid-2017 ground testing.[99] The Advance3 demonstrator was sent from the Bristol production facility to the Derby test stand in July 2017 to be evaluated until early 2018.[98] The demonstrator began initial runs at Derby in November 2017.[100]

In early 2018, the demonstrator attained 90% core power, reaching a 450 psi (31 bar) P30 pressure at the rear of the HP compressor, while measuring bearing loads, changed by the different compressor arrangement.[101] The lean burn combustor did not generate any rumble as further tests will cover water ingestion, noise, X-rays of the engine operating, and core-zone and hot-end thermal surveys.[92] By July 2018, the Advance3 core ran at full power.[102] By early 2019, the engine had run over 100 hours.[103]

### Advanced low-emission combustion system (ALECSys)

A standalone engine will test the ALECSys on ground before another will be flight tested.[98] Indoor ground tests of the lean-burn combustor were concluded on a modified Trent 1000 in January 2018, before being sent to Manitoba for cold-weather trials in February 2018, covering start-ups and ice ingestion.[92] Noise testing will follow on an outside rig, then flight tests in the next couple of years after 2018.[92]

### UltraFan

The UltraFan is a geared turbofan with a variable pitch fan system that promises at least 25% efficiency improvement.[94] The UltraFan aims for a 15:1 bypass ratio and 70:1 overall pressure ratio.[95]

The Ultrafan keeps the Advance core, but also contains a geared turbofan architecture with variable-pitch fan blades. The fan varies pitch to optimise for each flight phase, eliminating the need for a thrust reverser. Rolls-Royce planned to use carbon composite fan blades instead of its usual hollow titanium blades. The combination was expected to reduce weight by 340 kg (750 lb) per engine.[96]

The variable pitch fan facilitates low pressure ratio fan operability.[104] Rolls-Royce worked with Industria de Turbo Propulsores to test ion plating (IP) turbine blade technologies.[105] In Dahlewitz near Berlin, Rolls-Royce built a power rig simulating loading conditions in flight, sized for 15–80 MW (20,000–107,000 hp) gear systems; and recruited 200 engineers. The ratio of the initial test gear will approach 4:1 and thrust could be up to 440 kN (100,000 lbf).[106] The test rig is an €84 million ($94 million) investment.[98]

In partnership with Liebherr, the 75 MW (100,000 hp) UltraFan gearbox was first run in October 2016.[107][108] After the initial set of low-speed fan rig tests and the casting of second-generation titanium aluminide IP turbine blades, the initial UltraFan demonstrator concept design was to be frozen in 2017.[99] Tests simulated aircraft pitch and roll on an attitude rig in September 2016 to assess oil flow in the gearbox.[109] The gearbox went through high-power tests in May 2017.[109][110] The UltraFan was to be 300 cm (120 in) in diameter. Fan blades with titanium leading edges were evaluated under the ALPS programme.[98]

At the September 2017 International Society for Air Breathing Engines (ISABE) conference in Manchester, UK, Rolls-Royce's Chief Technology Officer Paul Stein announced it reached 52 MW (70,000 hp).[111] In early 2018, a third gearbox was tested for endurance and reliability.[92] The first gearbox was then disassembled for evaluation, confirming the component's performance predictions.[92] In April 2018, Airbus agreed to provide aircraft integration and its nacelle and for flight testing, co-funded by the European Union research programme Clean Sky 2.[112]

At the April 2018 ILA Berlin Air Show, flight testing was confirmed on Rolls-Royce's Boeing 747-200.[113] The demonstrator generated 310–360 kN (70,000–80,000 lbf) of thrust, exploiting current testing on the Advance 3 and the 52 MW (70,000 hp) gearbox.[113] Fan diameter could be up to 356 cm (140 in), compared to the Trent XWB's 300 cm (118 in) and the GE9X's 340 cm (134 in).[113]

Higher bypass and lower fan pressure ratio induce low-speed fan instability that is remedied by variable-pitch blades instead of a variable area jet nozzle.[114] Along with eliminating the thrust reverser, a short, slim nacelle is lighter and less draggy, but in reverse-thrust the flow is distorted, turning the nozzle into the bypass duct, and then partly reversed again into the intermediate compressor.[114] The large fan could lead to gull-wing airframes.[114] By July 2018, the UltraFan configuration was frozen. Detailed design and component manufacture was set to enable 2021 ground tests.[102] The 800 mm (2 ft 7 in) diameter planetary gearbox has five planet gears, is sized to power 110–490 kN (25,000–110,000 lbf) turbofans and amassed over 250 hours of run time by early 2019.[103]

In February 2019, introduction was delayed until 2027, to re-engine current aircraft, after full-scale ground tests in 2021.[115] A variable-pitch fan or a more electric architecture would be needed beyond the 25% improvement over the Trent 800, for the 2030s-2040s.[115] A 100–500 kW (130–670 hp) integrated starter-generator on the shaft cold end would allow a smaller accessory drive.[115] It could drive an aft-fuselage boundary layer suction fan for a 35% better efficiency gain.[115]

By February 2020, Rolls-Royce was manufacturing the 355 cm (140 in) diameter carbon fibre fan blades in Bristol, UK, saving with the composite fan case up to 700 kg (1,500 lb) on a twinjet.[116] By March 2022, Rolls-Royce had transferred the power gearbox, tested to 64 MW (86,000 hp), from Dahlewitz to its UK site for assembly,[117]

By May 2023, the first run was made with an 80,000 lbf (360 kN) demonstrator having a 14:1 bypass ratio, carbon-titanium fan blades, an Advance3 core and a new combustor.[118] With 10% better fuel efficiency than the Trent XWB, the architecture could cover a 111–444 kN (25,000–100,000 lbf) thrust range for single- or twin-aisles in the 2030s.[118] In November 2023, it was announced that the demonstrator had achieved at least 85,000 lbf (380 kN) in maximum power tests, exceeding the design brief of 80,000lbf and had accumulated over 70 hours of run-time.[119] At the 2024 Farnborough Air Show, Rolls-Royce announced upgrades to its Trent engines, with some enhancements drawing on the UltraFan technology demonstrator project.[120]

By 2025, Rolls-Royce planned to run two versions by 2028, the scaled-down UltraFan 30 for single-aisles and the UltraFan 80 for widebodies, with two engines for each and flight tests to follow before 2030.[121] The UltraFan 30 would have a thrust above 30,000 lbf (130 kN), a fan diameter towards 90 in (230 cm) compared to the current 81 in (206 cm) PW1100G and a bypass ratio towards 15:1, up from 10-12:1 on current geared engines.[121] Rolls-Royce launched its HEAVEN R&D programme in January 2023, partly funded by the EU’s Clean Aviation scheme which will allocate up to €70 million by 2029.[121] For Rolls-Royce, efficiency benefits from an open rotor like the CFM RISE are eroded by installation requirements like noise and blade-out protections.[121]

## Applications

* Airbus A330 (Trent 700)
* Airbus A330neo (Trent 7000)
* Airbus A340 (-500 and -600 series only) (Trent 500)
* Airbus A350 (Trent XWB)
* Airbus A380 (Trent 900)
* Boeing 777 (-200, -200ER and -300 series only) (Trent 800)
* Boeing 787 Dreamliner (Trent 1000)

## Specifications

Gas Turbine Engines[122] Variant  | Thrust  | Mass  | Bypass  | Pressure  | Config  | Fan  | Cruise TSFC  | First run  | Application

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Trent 600 (1)  | 290 kN
65,000 lbf  |  |  |  | 8 IPC, 6 HPC
1 HPT, 1 IPT, 4 LPT  | 94.6 in (240 cm)  | 0.59 lb/lbf/h
17 g/kN/s[123] | 1990  | MD-11
Trent 700[124] | 300–316 kN
67,500–71,100 lbf | 6,160 kg
13,580 lb | 5.0:1[19] | 36:1[19] | 97.4 in (247 cm)
26 blades  | 0.562 lb/lbf/h
15.9 g/kN/s  | 1992  | Airbus A330
Trent 800[13] | 334–415 kN
75,000–93,400 lbf  | 6,078 kg
13,400 lb  | 6.4:1  | 33.9–40.7:1  | 8 IPC, 6 HPC
1 HPT, 1 IPT, 5 LPT  | 110 in (279 cm)
26 blades  | 0.560 lb/lbf/h
15.9 g/kN/s  | 1993  | Boeing 777-200/200ER/300
Trent 500[37] | 240–250 kN
53,000–56,000 lbf  | 4,990 kg
11,000 lb  | 7.6:1  | 36.3:1  | 97.4 in (247 cm)
26 blades  | 0.542 lb/lbf/h
15.4 g/kN/s  | 1999  | Airbus A340-500/600
Trent 600 (2)  | 280 kN
63,000 lbf  | 4,840 kg
10,660 lb  |  | 41:1  | 102 in (259 cm)
26 blades  | dropped  | Boeing 747X
767-400ERX
Trent 900[125] | 334–374 kN
75,100–84,100 lbf  | 6,246 kg
13,770 lb  | 8.7–8.5:1  | 37–39:1  | 116 in (295 cm)
24 blades  | 0.522 lb/lbf/h
14.8 g/kN/s  | 2003  | Airbus A380
Trent 1000[126] | 285–331 kN
64,100–74,400 lbf  | 5,936–6,120 kg
13,087–13,492 lb  | 10:1  | 50:1  | 8 IPC, 6 HPC
1 HPT, 1 IPT, 6 LPT  | 112 in (284 cm)
20 blades  | 0.506 lb/lbf/h
14.3 g/kN/s[lower-alpha 2] | 2006  | Boeing 787
Trent 7000[127] | 300–320 kN
68,000–72,000 lbf  | 6,445 kg
14,209 lb[61] | 2015  | Airbus A330neo
Trent XWB[72] | 370–430 kN
84,000–97,000 lbf  | 7,277 kg
16,043 lb  | 9.6:1  | 8 IPC, 6 HPC
1 HPT, 2 IPT, 6 LPT  | 118 in (300 cm)
22 blades  | 0.478 lb/lbf/h
13.5 g/kN/s[lower-alpha 3] | 2010  | Airbus A350 XWB

## See also

Related development

* Rolls-Royce RB211

Related lists

* List of aircraft engines

## Footnotes

### Notes

1. ↑ As of March 2024 Singapore Airlines has 12 Trent 900 powered Airbus A380-800s, 63 Airbus A350-900s (including 7 A350-900ULRs) powered by Trent XWB, as well as 22 Boeing 787-10s powered by Trent 1000 engines.[80] Singapore Airlines' LCC subsidiary Scoot also operates all of their current Boeing 787s (11 Boeing 787-8s and 10 Boeing 787-9s) with Trent 1000s.
2. ↑ 10% better than Trent 700
3. ↑ 15 per cent fuel consumption advantage over the original Trent engine

### References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Rolls confirms faith in -524L". Flight International. 10 September 1988. https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1988/1988 - 2532.html.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Engine Makers Intensify Commercial Marketing Effort". Aviation Week: 18. 10 September 1990. https://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19900910/#!&pid=18.
3. ↑ Pugh, Peter (2002). The Magic of a Name, Part Three. Icon Books. ISBN 1-84046-405-4.
4. ↑ "Rolls Examines Development of Rb211-700 Engine for Future Twinjet Aircraft". Aviation Week: 23. 8 June 1987. https://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19870720/#!&pid=22. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Rolls-Royce Will Invest $540 Million in Developing Uprated RB211 Version". Aviation Week: 30. 20 June 1988. https://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19880620/#!&pid=30. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
6. ↑ "TWA Confirms Orders for 20 A330s, Selects Rolls Engine". Aviation Week: 91. 26 June 1989. https://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19890626/#!&pid=90. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Rolls ties global strategy to Trent engine family". Aviation Week: 72. 1992. https://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19920914#!&pid=72. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
8. ↑ "The UK aerospace industry's current performance – Repayable launch investment (RLI)". Select Committee on Trade and Industry – Fifteenth Report. House of Commons. 5 April 2005. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmtrdind/151/15106.htm#a20.
9. ↑ Gunston, Bill (1989). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Patrick Stephens Limited. ISBN 978-1-85260-163-8.
10. ↑ Kaminski-Morrow, David (28 February 2020). "Rolls-Royce nears break-even delivery for A350-900 powerplant". Flightglobal. https://www.flightglobal.com/air-transport/rolls-royce-nears-break-even-delivery-for-a350-900-powerplant/137001.article.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Spittle, Peter (November 2003). "Gas turbine technology". Rolls-Royce plc. http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~kadem/Rolls Royce.pdf.
12. ↑ "Rolls-Royce standardises on hybrid RB211 after entry success". Flight International. 6 May 1998. http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/rolls-royce-standardises-on-hybrid-rb211-after-entry-36700.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "Type-Certificate Data Sheet No. E.047". EASA. 21 February 2019. https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/EASA E 047 TCDS issue 04.pdf.
14. ↑ Donoghue, J.A. (31 October 2004). "The fan is the thing". Air Transport World. https://atwonline.com/aircraft-amp-engines/fan-thing.
15. ↑ "Orders Spur McDonnell To Launch MD-11 Program". Aviation Week: 35. 5 January 1987. https://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19870105#!&pid=34. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
16. ↑ "Rolls, McDonnell Douglas Cancel Plans for Trent-powered MD-11". Aviation Week: 32. 29 July 1991. https://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19910729/#!&pid=32.
17. ↑ "Rolls-Royce Completes Design Work on Trent 700 Engine for A330, MD-12". Aviation Week: 67. 17 February 1992. https://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19920217#!&pid=66.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 "Type-Certificate Data Sheet RB211 Trent 700 series engines". EASA. 21 February 2019. https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/EASA E 042 TCDS issue 05.pdf.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 "Trent 700 poster". Rolls-Royce. http://www.rolls-royce.com/site-services/images/trent-700-poster.aspx.
20. ↑ "Rolls-Royce Launches Trent 800 Engine With Order to Equip Thai Airways 777s". Aviation Week: 21–22. 16 September 1991. https://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19910916/#!&pid=32. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
21. ↑ "Rolls ties global strategy to trent engine family". Aviation Week: 73–74. 14 September 1992. https://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19920914#!&pid=72. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
22. ↑ "Powerful partner in Japan". Rolls-Royce. 2006. http://www.rolls-royce.com/japan/en/partners/default.htm.
23. ↑ "Rolls-Royce Trent 800". Rolls-Royce. https://www.rolls-royce.com/products-and-services/civil-aerospace/airlines/trent-800.aspx.
24. ↑ Broderick, Sean (29 September 2017). "Trent 800 Aftermarket To Waver Slightly Through 2021". MRO network. https://www.mro-network.com/engines-engine-systems/trent-800-aftermarket-waver-slightly-through-2021.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Rolls-Royce to Enlarge Trent Engine Fan For 767-X But Retain Much Commonality". Aviation Week: 21–22. 16 April 1990. https://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19900416/#!&pid=20.
26. ↑ "[Boeing board approves 777-200X/300X specifications"]. Flightglobal. 5 March 1997. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/as-board-approves-777-200x300x-specifications-23/.
27. ↑ "GE is first to agree MoU for 777-200X/300X powerplant". Flightglobal. 26 March 1997. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ge-is-first-to-agree-mou-for-777-200x300x-powerplant-13689/.
28. ↑ "Boeing's long stretch". Flightglobal. 3 December 1997. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/boeing39s-long-stretch-30280/.
29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Norris, Guy (3 June 1998). "Rolls-Royce completes Trent 8104 design and waits for 777-X". Flightglobal. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/rolls-royce-completes-trent-8104-design-and-waits-for-777-x-37776/.
30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 Norris, Guy (27 January 1999). "Initial Trent 8104 tests reveal new growth potential". Flightglobal. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/initial-trent-8104-tests-reveal-new-growth-potential-47307/.
31. ↑ Norris, Guy (9 June 1999). "Ultimate power". Flightglobal. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ultimate-power-52007/.
32. ↑ Norris, Guy; Lewis, Paul (14 July 1999). "GE90 secures exclusive position on 777X". Flightglobal. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ge90-secures-exclusive-position-on-777x-53942/.
33. ↑ "A question of choice". Flightglobal. 1 March 2000. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/a-question-of-choice-62872/.
34. ↑ "Airbus A340-600". 21 March 2000. Archived on 3 September 2009. Error: If you specify `|archivedate=`, you must also specify `|archiveurl=`. http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/frtypen/FRA34060.htm.
35. ↑ G E Kirk (19 August 2003). "The Design of The Rolls-Royce Trent 500 Aero Engine". International Conference on Engineering Design. https://www.designsociety.org/download-publication/24217/the_design_of_the_.
36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Trent 500 Shapes Up". 25 July 2000. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2000/2000-1 - 0430.html.
37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 "Type-Certificate Data Sheet E.060 for RB211 Trent 500 Series Engines". EASA. 21 February 2019. https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/EASA E 060 TCDS issue 04.pdf.
38. ↑ Kingsley-Jones, Max (24 July 1996). "R-R offers Trent 900 on 747-X". Flight International. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/r-r-offers-trent-900-on-747-x-12373/.
39. ↑ Doyle, Andrew (26 February 1997). "Kawasaki, R-R reconsider plans for Trent 900 engine". Flight International. https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1997/1997 - 0482.html. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
40. ↑ "Airbus jumbo on runway". CNN. 19 December 2000. https://money.cnn.com/2000/12/19/europe/airbus/.
41. ↑ "Thrust advance". Flight International. 20 May 2003. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/thrust-advance-165711/.
42. ↑ "Airbus A380 Engine Begins Flight Trials on A340 Testbed" (Press release). Airbus. 17 May 2004. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 "Type certificate data sheet E.012". EASA. 21 February 2019. https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/TCDS E.012_Issue 09.pdf.
44. ↑ "Trent 900 Brochure". Rolls-Royce. 6 July 2009. http://www.rolls-royce.com/Images/brochure_Trent900_tcm92-11346.pdf.
45. ↑ Norris, Guy (20 March 2000). "Lauda and Kenya eye heavy 767". Flight International. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2000/2000 - 0694.html.
46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Moxon, Julian; Norris, Guy (25 July 2000). "R-R offers Trent 600 for 767-400ERX and 747X". Flight International. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2000/2000-1 - 0364.html.
47. ↑ Rolls-Royce (25 July 2000). "Rolls-Royce signs Trent 600 agreement with Boeing" (Press release). Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
48. ↑ "The Newest Boeing 767 Is Inspired by the Future - Introducing The Boeing 767-400ER" (Press release). Boeing. 26 July 2000.
49. ↑ Norris, Guy; Kelly, Emma (3 April 2001). "Boeing Sonic Cruiser Ousts 747X". Flight International. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2001/2001 - 1119.html. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
50. ↑ "Boeing Launches New 747-8 Family" (Press release). Boeing. 14 November 2005. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
51. ↑ Aslam, Meelad (14 March 2025). "Boeing 787 Engine Showdown: GEnx vs Trent 1000". Airways. https://www.airwaysmag.com/new-post/boeing-787-engine-genx-vs-trent-1000.
52. ↑ "Pictures: Valentine's date for Rolls Trent 1000 engine for Boeing 787". Flight Global. 15 February 2006. https://www.flightglobal.com/pictures-valentines-date-for-rolls-trent-1000-engine-for-boeing-787/65511.article.
53. ↑ "Successful first flight for Trent 1000 on flying test bed". 19 June 2007. https://www.rolls-royce.com/media/press-releases-archive/yr-2007/successful-first-flight.aspx.
54. ↑ "Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 for Boeing 787 receives ‘Ticket to Fly’ on 7/8/7". 7 August 2007. https://www.rolls-royce.com/media/press-releases-archive/yr-2007/rr-trent-1000-for-boeing787.aspx.
55. ↑ "Introducing the Trent 1000 XE". https://www.rolls-royce.com/products-and-services/civil-aerospace/widebody/trent-1000.aspx#section-technology.
56. ↑ "Trent 1000 Powering the dream". 2017. https://www.rolls-royce.com/~/media/Files/R/Rolls-Royce/documents/civil-aerospace-downloads/280717-Trent-1000-infographic.pdf.
57. ↑ "Rolls-Royce launches Trent 1000-TEN with next generation technology for Boeing 787 Dreamliner family". 10 July 2012. https://www.rolls-royce.com/media/press-releases-archive/yr-2012/120710-trent-1000-ten.aspx.
58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 "Airbus selects Rolls-Royce Trent 7000 as exclusive engine for the A330neo" (Press release). Rolls-Royce Holdings. 14 July 2014. Archived from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
59. ↑ "Rolls-Royce celebrates first run of Trent 7000 demonstrator engine" (Press release). Rolls-Royce Holdings. 27 November 2015. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
60. ↑ "Rolls-Royce Trent 7000 powers Airbus A330neo first test flight" (Press release). Rolls-Royce. 19 October 2017.
61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 "Type certificate data sheet E.036". EASA. 20 July 2018. https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/TCDS E 036 issue 15.pdf.
62. ↑ Kaminski-Morrow, David (27 November 2018). "Trent 7000 delays held up full A330neo ETOPS clearance". Flightglobal. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/trent-7000-delays-held-up-full-a330neo-etops-clearan-453946/.
63. ↑ Kaminski-Morrow, David (20 December 2018). "A330neo engine secures 330min ETOPS clearance". Flightglobal. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/a330neo-engine-secures-330min-etops-clearance-454578/.
64. ↑ Norris, Guy (14 July 2014). "Rolls-Royce Details Trent 7000 Plans For A330neo". Aviation Week. http://aviationweek.com/farnborough-2014/rolls-royce-details-trent-7000-plans-a330neo.
65. ↑ "The All-New Rolls-Royce Trent 7000". airinsight. 23 July 2014. https://airinsight.com/new-rolls-royce-trent-7000/.
66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 Kingsley-Jones, Max; Norris, Guy (29 November 2005). "Enhanced A340 to take on 777". Flight International. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/exclusive-enhanced-a340-to-take-on-777-203391/.
67. ↑ Norris, Guy (25 July 2006). "Farnborough: Airbus A350 powerplant race ignites as Rolls-Royce reaches agreement to supply Trent, Alliance confirms interest". Flight International. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/farnborough-airbus-a350-powerplant-race-ignites-as-rolls-royce-reaches-agreement-to-supply-trent-208086/.
68. ↑ Kaminski-Morrow, David (18 June 2010). "A350's Trent XWB engine runs for first time". Flight Global. http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-a350s-trent-xwb-engine-runs-for-first-time-343426.
69. ↑ Perry, Dominic (18 February 2012). "Trent XWB powerplant makes maiden sortie". Flight Global. http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/trent-xwb-powerplant-makes-maiden-sortie-368460.
70. ↑ "Trent XWB achieves important milestone with award of EASA type certification" (Press release). Rolls-Royce. 7 February 2013. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023.
71. ↑ "World's most fuel efficient engine powers first flight" (Press release). Rolls-Royce. 14 June 2013.
72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 "Type Certificate Data Sheet E.111". EASA. 20 April 2016. https://www.easa.europa.eu/system/files/dfu/EASA E 111 TCDS_RR Trent XWB_issue 03_ 201612004_1.0.pdf.
73. ↑ "Trent-XWB infographic". Rolls-Royce. May 2017. http://www.rolls-royce.com/~/media/Files/R/Rolls-Royce/documents/civil-aerospace-downloads/trent-xwb-infographic.pdf.
74. ↑ Norris, Guy (17 September 2018). "Rolls Reaffirms A350 Diversion Unrelated To Trent 1000 Issues". Aviation Week Network. http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/rolls-reaffirms-a350-diversion-unrelated-trent-1000-issues.
75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 "Gas Turbine Industrial Trent 60". http://www.energy.siemens.com/ru/en/fossil-power-generation/gas-turbines/industrial-trent-60.htm.
76. ↑ "Generator Set Trent 60 WLE (66 MW)". Centrax Gas Turbines. http://www.centraxgt.com/products/generator-set-trent-60-wle-66-mw.
77. ↑ "Biggest Market share for new generation of widebodied aircraft". http://www.rolls-royce.com/civil_aerospace/overview/default.jsp.
78. ↑ "GE holds the key to power – Airliner delivery analysis 2007". Flight International. 21 February 2007. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/02/21/212126/ge-holds-the-key-to-power-airliner-delivery-analysis.html.
79. ↑ "Rolls-Royce and Aeroflot celebrate engine record" (Press release). Rolls-Royce. 19 June 2019. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
80. ↑ "Singapore Airlines Fleet: March 2024". https://mainlymiles.com/2024/03/29/singapore-airlines-fleet-march-2024/.
81. ↑ "Rolls-Royce to modify Trent as tests replicate BA 777 icing". Flight International. 12 March 2009. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/03/12/323769/rolls-royce-to-modify-trent-as-tests-replicate-ba-777.html.
82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 "Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce plc RB211-Trent 500, 700, and 800 Series Turbofan Engines". http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAD.nsf/0/28a1f5ba17de1ccc862576f500578b42/$FILE/2010-07-01.pdf.
83. ↑ David Kaminsky-Morrow (12 March 2010). "EASA suspects dual-engine icing in A330 incident". FlightGlobal. http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/easa-suspects-dual-engine-icing-in-a330-incident-339432/.
84. ↑ Kaminsky-Morrow, David (9 February 2010). "Rolls-Royce: Trent modification will 'eliminate' fuel-ice risk". FlightGlobal. http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/rolls-royce-trent-modification-will-eliminate-fuel-ice-338177/.
85. ↑ "In-flight uncontained engine failure Airbus A380-842, VH-OQA, overhead Batam Island, Indonesia, on 4 November 2010". Australian Transport Safety Bureau. https://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_reports/2010/aair/ao-2010-089.
86. ↑ Ferguson, Sarah (28 March 2011). "Rolls-Royce under scrutiny after Qantas explosion". ABC. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-03-28/rolls-royce-under-scrutiny-after-qantas-explosion/2639322.
87. ↑ "Rolls Royce Admits 'Fell Short' in Engine Blast". Industry Week. 27 June 2013. https://www.industryweek.com/operations/safety/article/21960613/rolls-royce-admits-fell-short-in-engine-blast.
88. ↑ "Efficient and environmentally friendly aircraft engine (EEFAE)". CORDIS. 12 April 2005. https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/52463/en.
89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 89.3 "Conclusion of Tests on the European 'ANTLE' Aircraft Engine, Developed to Safeguard the Environment" (Press release). ITP Industria de Turbopropulsores. 29 June 2005.
90. ↑ Paul Rodrigez Garcia; Keith R Holland (July 2013). "Exploring and developing processing techniques for the extraction of aircraft combustion noise". 20th International Congress on Sound and Vibration. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252932027.
91. ↑ undberg, Robert; Leijon, Mats; Ström, Linda; Isaksson, Ola (2005). "Development of Structural Components for ANTLE and CLEAN, the European Technology Validator Engines". American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1000936/FULLTEXT01.pdf.
92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 92.3 92.4 92.5 92.6 Gubisch, Michael (6 February 2018). "Rolls-Royce advances new-technology demonstrators". Flightglobal. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-rolls-royce-advances-new-technology-demons-445377/.
93. ↑ "Rolls-Royce UltraFan one step closer as Advanced Low Pressure System (ALPS) testing gets underway". https://www.rolls-royce.com/media/press-releases/2019/25-02-2019-rr-ultrafan-one-step-closer-as-advanced-low-pressure-system-alps-testing-gets-underway.aspx.
94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 "Rolls-Royce shares next generation engine designs" (Press release). rolls-royce.com. 26 February 2014. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 "Rolls-Royce Reveals Next-Gen Engine Plan". Aviation Week. 26 February 2014. http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/rolls-royce-reveals-next-gen-engine-plan.
96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 "Rolls-Royce Details Advance And UltraFan Test Plan". Aviation Week & Space Technology. 25 August 2014. http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/rolls-royce-details-advance-and-ultrafan-test-plan.
97. ↑ "Advance3 - Moving The State of the Art Forward". Aviation Week. 23 February 2016. http://aviationweek.com/caring-engines-today-and-future/advance3-moving-state-art-forward.
98. ↑ 98.00 98.01 98.02 98.03 98.04 98.05 98.06 98.07 98.08 98.09 98.10 98.11 Perry, Dominic (16 June 2017). "Rolls-Royce moves forward with Advance3 demonstrator". Flight Global. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-rolls-royce-moves-forward-with-advance3-de-438290/.
99. ↑ 99.0 99.1 Norris, Guy (3 April 2017). "Rolls-Royce Might Pitch UltraFan For Boeing New Midsize Airplane". Aviation Week & Space Technology. http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/rolls-royce-might-pitch-ultrafan-boeing-new-midsize-airplane.
100. ↑ Norris, Guy (27 November 2017). "Rolls Marks Trent And Advance Milestones". Aviation Week Network. http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/rolls-marks-trent-and-advance-milestones.
101. ↑ Norris, Guy (6 February 2018). "Next-Gen Core Demo Boost for Rolls-Royce". Aviation Week Network. http://aviationweek.com/singapore-airshow-2018/next-gen-core-demo-boost-rolls-royce.
102. ↑ 102.0 102.1 Norris, Guy (15 July 2018). "UltraFan Concept Frozen As Rolls Throttles Up New Core". Aviation Week & Space Technology. http://aviationweek.com/propulsion/ultrafan-concept-frozen-rolls-throttles-new-core.
103. ↑ 103.0 103.1 Norris, Guy (9 May 2019). "UltraFan Testing Remains Key Focus For Rolls Despite NMA Withdrawal". Aviation Week & Space Technology. https://aviationweek.com/propulsion/ultrafan-testing-remains-key-focus-rolls-despite-nma-withdrawal.
104. ↑ Thomas, Mark (21 October 2014). "Next Generation Engines". Rolls-Royce. https://www.aerosociety.com/Assets/Docs/Events/746/GBD_Propulsion_211014_RR_1.pdf.
105. ↑ "Rolls-Royce joins with ITP for UltraFan™ research programme" (Press release). Rolls-Royce. 15 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
106. ↑ Norris, Guy (27 May 2015). "Rolls-Royce Freezes Design of First UltraFan Test Gear". Aviation Week & Space Technology. http://aviationweek.com/technology/rolls-freezes-design-first-ultrafan-test-gear.
107. ↑ "Rolls-Royce runs world's most powerful aerospace gearbox for the first time" (Press release). Rolls-Royce. 24 October 2016. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
108. ↑ Polek, Gregory (24 October 2016). "Rolls-Royce Performs First Run of UltraFan Gearbox". Aviation International News. http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2016-10-24/rolls-royce-performs-first-run-ultrafan-gearbox.
109. ↑ 109.0 109.1 "UltraFan gearbox starts high-power testing". Flight Global. 25 May 2017. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ultrafan-gearbox-starts-high-power-testing-437613/.
110. ↑ Moores, Victoria (25 May 2017). "Rolls-Royce begins UltraFan gearbox high-power testing". Aviation Week Network. http://atwonline.com/engines/rolls-royce-begins-ultrafan-gearbox-high-power-testing.
111. ↑ "Rolls-Royce sets new aerospace record with UltraFan® Power Gearbox" (Press release). Rolls-Royce. 4 September 2017. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
112. ↑ "Airbus and Rolls-Royce sign UltraFan engine integration collaboration agreement" (Press release). Airbus. 25 April 2018. Archived from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
113. ↑ 113.0 113.1 113.2 Norris, Guy (2 May 2018). "Airbus-Rolls UltraFan Demonstrator To Fly on 747 Testbed". Aviation Week Network. http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/airbus-rolls-ultrafan-demonstrator-fly-747-testbed.
114. ↑ 114.0 114.1 114.2 Norris, Guy (9 May 2018). "Airbus-Rolls UltraFan Demonstrator Using Boeing 747 As Testbed". Aviation Week & Space Technology. http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/airbus-rolls-ultrafan-demonstrator-using-boeing-747-testbed.
115. ↑ 115.0 115.1 115.2 115.3 Norris, Guy (5 November 2019). "Rolls-Royce Studies More-Electric UltraFan". Aviation Week & Space Technology. https://aviationweek.com/propulsion/rolls-royce-studies-more-electric-ultrafan.
116. ↑ Perry, Dominic (11 February 2020). "Rolls-Royce starts building UltraFan blades". Flightglobal. https://www.flightglobal.com/singapore-air-show-2020/rolls-royce-starts-building-ultrafan-blades/136635.article.
117. ↑ Kaminski-Morrow, David (11 March 2022). "Crucial UltraFan gearbox transferred to Rolls-Royce's UK facilities". FlightGlobal. https://www.flightglobal.com/aerospace/crucial-ultrafan-gearbox-transferred-to-rolls-royces-uk-facilities/147893.article.
118. ↑ 118.0 118.1 Perry, Dominic (18 May 2023). "Rolls-Royce runs UltraFan for first time". FlightGlobal. https://www.flightglobal.com/air-transport/rolls-royce-runs-ultrafan-for-first-time/153336.article.
119. ↑ Perry, Dominic (13 November 2023). "Rolls-Royce runs UltraFan at full power". FlightGlobal. https://www.flightglobal.com/air-transport/rolls-royce-runs-ultrafan-at-full-power/155792.article.
120. ↑ "Rolls-Royce Rolls Out Trent Engine Upgrades". Aviation Week Network. July 19, 2024. https://aviationweek.com/shownews/farnborough-airshow/rolls-royce-rolls-out-trent-engine-upgrades.
121. ↑ 121.0 121.1 121.2 121.3 "Rolls-Royce revs up UltraFan test plan, including narrowbody-sized engine". FlightGlobal. 10 June 2025. https://www.flightglobal.com/engines/rolls-royce-revs-up-ultrafan-test-plan-including-narrowbody-sized-engine/163291.article.
122. ↑ "Gas Turbine Engines". Aviation Week: pp. 137–138. 28 January 2008. http://www.geocities.jp/nomonomo2007/AircraftDatabase/AWdata/AviationWeekPages/GTEnginesAWJan2008.pdf.
123. ↑ Pitt, Ivan L.; Norsworthy, John Randolph (1999). Economics of the U.S. commercial airline industry: productivity, technology and deregulation. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. p. 46. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5031-0. ISBN 978-1-4613-7286-8. OCLC 828735404. https://books.google.com/books?id=subiBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46.
124. ↑ "Type-Certificate Data Sheet RB211 Trent 700 series engines". EASA. 14 October 2014. https://www.easa.europa.eu/system/files/dfu/Trent 700 series issue 03.pdf.
125. ↑ "Type Certificate Data Sheet". 6 June 2007. http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/09b47c27a9cfb982862573080054f9ea/$FILE/E00075EN.pdf.
126. ↑ "Type certificate data sheet". EASA. 11 July 2016. https://www.easa.europa.eu/system/files/dfu/TCDS E.036_ issue 07_20161107_1.0.pdf.
127. ↑ "Trent 7000 infographic". Rolls-Royce Holdings. Nov 2016. https://www.rolls-royce.com/~/media/Files/R/Rolls-Royce/documents/civil-aerospace-downloads/trent-7000-infographic.pdf.

## External links

* Rolls-Royce plc
* Trent 500 series
* Trent 700 series
* Trent 800 series
* Trent 900 series
* Trent 1000 series
* Trent XWB
* Trent 60
* MT30
* Journey through a Trent engine

Template:Rolls-Royce Trent series Template:Rolls-Royce plc aeroengines

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce Trent. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Engineering:Rolls-Royce_Trent&oldid=4212763"
*[MTOW]: Maximum takeoff weight
*[EEFAE]: Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Aero Engine
*[ANTLE]: Affordable Near-Term Low Emissions
*[HP]: high pressure