Shooting brake

Short description: Car body style

Volvo 1800ES (1972–1973)

Jaguar XJ-S-based Lynx Eventer[1]

Shooting-brake (alternatively: shooting break[2]: 20, 146 ) is a term describing a car body style which originated in the 1890s as a horse-drawn wagon for transporting shooting parties along with their equipment and game.[3] The vehicles themselves were manufactured in the early 1900s in the United Kingdom by vehicle manufacturers or coachbuilders.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, a "brake" (or "break") was a heavy, open carriage with a high driver's seat, used for training or "breaking" young horses. The term shooting break gave rise to the French term break de chasse, again referring to a type of wagon used for hunting.

After the original shooting brake body style became mostly obsolete, that is, the carriage for hunters and their gear, the term itself was used with a succession of other body styles.

In England, during the 1920s and 1930s, the term shooting brake became interchangable with estate car (i.e., station wagon). In British English, the term gradually fell out of use,[4][5][6][7][8] though in French the term break became synonymous with the station wagon body style.

Since the 1960s, a definition for term shooting brake has remained open to interpretation. It began being used to describe a sporty combination of station wagon and two-door coupé body styles - [9] - i.e., a more practical variant of a less practical body style. During the 1960s and early 1970s, several high-end European manufacturers began using the term shooting brake to describe a sporty, two-door, wagon-like body style. Following a hiatus from the mid 1970s until the early 2010s, the term shooting-brake entered a resurgence.

## Contents

* 1 Horse-drawn origins
* 2 Definition
* 2.1 1900s to 1950s
* 2.2 1960s to 1990s
* 2.3 2000s to present
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Horse-drawn origins

A horse-drawn shooting brake was a variation of the break (also spelled brake). Originally built as a simple but heavy frame for breaking in young horses to drive, over time it became a gentleman-driven vehicle and was popular for shooting parties. Taking the design from the rear-loading horse-drawn sporting vehicle, the body style became known as the "shooting brake".[10][7][2]

## Definition

The term shooting brake is used variously to describe any number of body styles; typically combining coupé and station wagon elements.[11][12][13] Descriptions of the body style associated with the term include:

* "A sleek wagon with two doors and sports-car panache, its image entangled with European aristocracy, fox hunts, and baying hounds".[9]
* "A cross between an estate and a coupé".[14]
* "Essentially a two-door station wagon".[15]
* An interchangeable term for estate car (station wagon).[6][5][7][16][4] In France, a station wagon is marketed as a break, once having been called a break de chasse, which translates as "hunting break".[17]
* "The shooting brake, however, is a luxury coupe with a squared-off back."[9]
* A vehicle "conceived to take gentlemen on the hunt with their firearms and dogs. While the name has been loosely applied to station wagons in general, the most famous shooting brakes had custom two-door bodies fitted to the chassis of pedigreed cars".[9]

### 1900s to 1950s

1910 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost Shooting Brake

In the early 1900s, the Scottish Albion Motors began producing shooting brake models, described in the weekly magazine The Commercial Motor as having "seats for eight persons as well as the driver, whilst four guns and a large supply of cartridges, provisions baskets and a good 'bag' can be carried."[18] The 1912 Hudson Model 33 was described in England as a shooting brake, on the basis that "it was also used to carry the beaters to and from the location of the shoot, and for bringing back the game shot".[19]

Early[when?] motorized safari vehicles were described as shooting brakes with no windows or doors. One such description read: "Instead roll-down canvas curtains were buttoned to the roof in the case of bad weather. These cars were heavy and comfortable in good weather and allowed quick and silent exit as no shooting was permitted from the vehicles."[20] During the 1920s and 1930s, shooting brake vehicles were popular in England and were produced as shooting brakes from the factory or converted by coachbuilders. The term "estate car" began to be used instead of shooting brake, as the use of the vehicle expanded from just shooting parties to other domestic uses including ferrying guests and their luggage to and from railway stations.[8]

### 1960s to 1990s

Lagonda Rapide Shooting Brake

During the 1960s and early 1970s, several high-end European manufacturers produced two-door shooting brake versions of their sports cars, including the 1960 Sunbeam Alpine Shooting Brake and 1966 Aston Martin DB5 Shooting Brake.[9][21][22] The 1966 Sunbeam Alpine was a limited-production three-door variant of its two-door open sports car with leather interior and walnut trim, selling at a price double its open counterpart and marketed as a shooting brake.[23][24][25] The Aston Martin DB5, DB6, and DBS shooting brakes were custom manufactured by coachbuilder Harold Radford from 1965 until 1967.[26]

A prototype DB5 shooting-brake was custom produced by the factory for David Brown, an avid hunter and dog owner, and a further 11–12 coupés were custom modified for Aston Martin by independent coachbuilder Harold Radford.[27][28] In August 2019 a DB5 sold for a record $1.765m (£1.456m),[29] making it the most valuable Shooting Brake bodied-car of any marque sold at auction. In 1992, Aston Martin manufactured in-house a limited production shooting brake variant of its Virage/Vantage, including a four-door shooting brake.[30]

Other cars combining elements of a wagon and coupé have been described but were never formally marketed as shooting brakes, including the Reliant Scimitar GTE (1968–1975),[31][32][33] the Volvo P1800 ES (1972–1973),[34][35][36] and the later 480 (1986–1995) – marketed as a coupé, and with a sporty, low nose featuring pop-up headlights, but with a distinctly estate-like rear body.[37] The 1998 BMW Z3 Coupé (plus associated M Coupé model) is also typically referred to as a shooting brake.[38][39][40][41]

* Ferrari 250 GT SWB "Breadvan" (1961)

* Aston Martin DB5 Shooting Brake (1965–1971)

* Reliant Scimitar GTE (1968–1975)

* Volvo 480 (1986–1995)

Volvo 480 (1986–1995)

* BMW Z3 Coupé (1998-2002)

BMW Z3 Coupé (1998-2002)

* Honda Accord Aerodeck (1986-1989)

### 2000s to present

Mostly dormant since the mid-1970s, the shooting brake term was used in 2004 to describe the Chevrolet Nomad concept car.[9] The following year, the Audi Shooting Brake concept car debuted at the Tokyo Motor Show. In recent years, several other cars, many of which have 4/5 doors have been described by auto marketers and journalists as shooting brakes, including 2005 Dodge Magnum station wagon,[42][43][44] 2006 Renault Altica concept car,[45] 2008 Mini Clubman,[46] 2011 Fisker Surf concept car,[47] and the 2011 Ferrari FF.[48][49] The first production model of the 21st century marketed as a shooting brake was the 2012 Mercedes Benz CLS-Class Shooting Brake (X218),[50][51] which was previewed as the Shooting Brake concept car at Auto China.[52][53] This model has four passenger doors, which is at odds with some definitions of a shooting brake as having two doors. In 2015, Mercedes-Benz added the smaller CLA-Class four-door shooting brake to the model range.[54][55][56][57]

The 2018 Porsche Panamera Sport Turismo,[58] along with the Volkswagen Arteon despite the Arteon having five doors,[59] are both described by their manufacturer as shooting brakes. The trend is to associate the shooting brake body style with "performance" while being "more practical" than a coupé.[60] The marketing descriptions have been further blurred between variations of the terms with names such as sports tourer or sportback as a way to differentiate from SUVs and reposition ordinary body styles.[61] BMW unveiled the Concept Touring Coupé based on the Z4 at the Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este in 2023.[62]

* 2005 Audi Shooting Brake Concept

* Mercedes-Benz CLS 63 AMG (2012), a five-door station wagon that the manufacturer dubbed shooting brake

* Ferrari GTC4Lusso

* Aston Martin Rapide Bertone Jet 2+2

Aston Martin Rapide Bertone Jet 2+2

* Volkswagen Arteon

* Kia Proceed

## See also

* Coupé
* Hatchback
* Station wagon

## References

1. ↑ Rong, Blake Z. (24 April 2016). "The Lynx Eventer Was A Rare, Beautiful Shooting Brake That Made Perfect Sense". Road & Track. https://www.roadandtrack.com/car-culture/news/a28923/the-lynx-eventer-was-a-rare-beautiful-shooting-brake-that-made-perfect-sense/.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Smith, D.J.M. (1988). A Dictionary of Horse Drawn Vehicles. J. A. Allen & Co. Ltd.. ISBN 0851314686.
3. ↑ Tames, Richard (4 March 2008). "The Victorian and Edwardian Sportsman". Bloomsbury USA. https://books.google.com/books?id=lytfuLKy6zMC&pg=PA17&dq="to the shoot in a brake" The Victorian and Edwardian Sportsman By Richard Tames&hl=en&ei=9vR3TrXnFIP2mAXH_vXDDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Automobile quarterly, 22, Princeton Institute for Historic Research, 1984, p. 1931, https://archive.org/details/automobilequarte22octprin, "If milord had it in mind to do a bit of hunting, he and his guns would then be transported to the shooting site in a "brake" (the English term originally applied to horse-drawn wagons). Being somewhat logical, the British determined that if a brake was used for shooting purposes it might well be named "shooting brake." However, the term fell into common parlance and eventually became a generic label..."
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Woody Gallery – British Woodies". http://www.oldwoodies.com/gallery-shootingbrakes.htm.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hartford, Bill (February 1969). "Sizing up the 1969 Station Wagons". Popular Mechanics 131 (2): 104. https://books.google.com/books?id=I9gDAAAAMBAJ&q=shooting-brake&pg=PA104. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Chambers 21st Century Dictionary. India: Allied Chambers. 1996. p. 1295. https://archive.org/details/chambers21stcent00mair. "shooting-brake."
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Peck, Colin (May 2008). British Woodies: From the 1920s to the 1950s. Veloce Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 9781845841690.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Diem, William (26 November 2006). "The Shooting Brake Makes a Comeback". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/26/automobiles/26BRAKE.html.
10. ↑ Terry, Christopher William (1914). Motor Body-building in all its Branches. London: E. & F.N. Spon. p. 6. https://archive.org/details/motorbodybuildin00terrrich/page/6/mode/1up?view=theater&q=shooting. "16. Wagonettes. — This type of body should have longitudinal seats placed vis-a-vis in the main portion of the body and usually with a hind entrance, although some varieties have side doors as well. A shooting brake is a wagonette provided with game and gun racks, and accommodation for ammunition. A luggage brake, or estate wagon, is often a wagonette with the long seats made to fold flat against the side of the body and the hind entrance provided with double doors."
11. ↑ "World's best ever shooting brakes". https://www.msn.com/en-au/motoring/news/world’s-best-ever-shooting-brakes/ss-BBLf5F5.
12. ↑ "Wicked Wagons: 15 Best Shooting Brakes of All Time". https://hiconsumption.com/2018/09/best-shooting-brakes-of-all-time/.
13. ↑ "12 of Our Favorite Shooting Brakes Ever Produced". 22 December 2017. https://www.roadandtrack.com/car-culture/g6678/ten-of-our-favorite-shooting-brakes-ever-produced/.
14. ↑ Pattni, Vijay (21 January 2011). "Four-wheel-drive Ferrari shooting-brake revealed". Top Gear. https://www.topgear.com/car-news/supercar/four-wheel-drive-ferrari-shooting-brake-revealed.
15. ↑ Ulrich, Lawrence (13 January 2014). "It's an Audi Shooting Brake and a Plug-In". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/14/automobiles/autoshow/its-an-audi-shooting-brake-and-a-plug-in.html?src=rechp&_r=0.
16. ↑ Allen, Mike (August 1999). "Europe Spy Report: The 2001 Jaguar S-Type Estate". Popular Mechanics: 50. https://books.google.com/books?id=SWYEAAAAMBAJ&q=shooting-brake&pg=PA50. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
17. ↑ "Woodie Gallery: French Woodies – 1940 to 1949". http://oldwoodies.com/gallery-french4.htm.
18. ↑ The Edinburgh Show. The Commercial Motor. 30 January 1908. p. 475. https://books.google.com/books?id=9X_nAAAAMAAJ&q=shooting-brake+albion+The+Edinburgh+Show&pg=PA475. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
19. ↑ American Cars in Prewar England: A Pictorial Survey. McFarland. 2004. ISBN 9780786415403. https://books.google.com/books?id=5JI2rEeNlQsC&q=shooting-brake&pg=PA89. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
20. ↑ Herne, Brian (1999). White Hunters: The Golden Age of African Safaris. Henry Holt. p. 174. ISBN 9780805067361.
21. ↑ "What a Shooting Brake Is and Why Automotive Journalists Love Them". https://www.complex.com/sports/2014/03/what-a-shooting-brake-is.
22. ↑ "A Short History of the Shooting Brake". 4 August 2015. https://www.acontinuouslean.com/2015/08/04/acl-autos-short-history-shooting-brake/.
23. ↑ Spencer, Ian. "The 1960 Sunbeam Alpine Shooting Brake Estate Wagon". http://www.sunbeamalpine.org/index.php?categoryid=82&p2_articleid=16.
24. ↑ "The Essential Buying Guide – Sunbeam Alpine The Essential Buying Guide – Sunbeam Alpine". 29 May 2017. https://silodrome.com/sunbeam-alpine-buying-guide/.
25. ↑ "Lost & Found- In search of the shooting brake estate wagon". https://www.hemmings.com/magazine/hsx/2008/04/Lost--amp--Found/1610366.html.
26. ↑ Cottingham, Tim (9 July 2008). "Aston Martin DB5 Shooting Brake by Harold Radford (1965–1967)". http://www.astonmartins.com/db4_5_6_s/db5_radford_shooting_brake.htm.
27. ↑ Hingston, Peter (2008). The Enthusiasts' Guide to Buying a Classic British Sports Car. Hingston Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-906555-25-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=SmhWHBhKKswC&pg=PA30. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
28. ↑ Dowsey, David (2007). Aston Martin: Power, Beauty and Soul. Images Publishing. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-9578759-5-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=u8uJavsDR38C&pg=PA101. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
29. ↑ McLaren, Marc (16 August 2019). "Bond DB5 sets new world record at Monterey sale". Classic & Sports Car. https://classicandsportscar.com/news/bond-db5-sets-new-world-record-monterey-sale. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
30. ↑ Bobdcuk (27 August 2009). "Aston Martin DB5 Radford Shooting Brake Estate August 1972". https://www.flickr.com/photos/22405356@N05/3862968908/.
31. ↑ Lieberman, Johny (25 July 2007). "Reliant Scimitar and Friends". Jalopnik. http://jalopnik.com/271804/reliant-scimitar-and-friends.
32. ↑ "Scimitar GTE – a Trailblazing Shooting Brake". https://dyler.com/posts/155/scimitar-gte-a-trailblazing-shooting-brake.
33. ↑ "The Reliant Scimitar GTE – A Sports Shooting-Brake". 7 July 2014. https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/june-1970/60/reliant-scimitar-gte.
34. ↑ Viehmann, Sebastian (2 April 2011). "Volvo P1800: A Swedish fairy-tale". MV Media. http://www.motorvision.de/artikel/a-swedish-fairy-tale,8264.html.
35. ↑ Joslin, Tom (9 January 2011). "Found Off the Street: 1973 Volvo P1800ES". Jalopnik. http://jalopnik.com/5728157/1973-volvo-p1800es.
36. ↑ Fowle, Stuart (29 October 2009). "Hindsight: Looking Back on Volvo's Quirky 1800ES". Kilometer Magazine. http://www.kilometermagazine.com/artman2/publish/hindsight/retro_drive_Volvo_1800ES.html. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
37. ↑ Braithwaite-Smith, Gavin (2020-09-28). "Volvo 480: a sporty Swede that wasn't sensible or square". Retro Motor. https://www.retromotor.co.uk/features/volvo-480-euro-wedge/.
38. ↑ Robinson, Matt (18 May 2015). "Classifieds' Car of the Day: Brutal BMW M Coupe". http://www.carthrottle.com/post/classifieds-car-of-the-day-brutal-bmw-m-coupe/.
39. ↑ Lieberman, Jonny (26 March 2010). "The Jalopnik Fantasy Garage: First-Generation BMW M Coupe". Jalopnik. http://jalopnik.com/258496/the-jalopnik-fantasy-garage-first-generation-bmw-m-coupe.
40. ↑ Niedermeyer, Edward (7 September 2010). "Capsule Review: 1999 BMW Z3 M Coupe". http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2010/09/capsule-review-1999-bmw-z3-m-coupe/.
41. ↑ Silvestro, Brian (28 September 2018). "This BMW Z3 M Coupe Is the Perfect Driver's Collector Car". Roead and Track. https://www.roadandtrack.com/car-culture/classic-cars/a23509723/1999-bmw-z3-m-coupe-shooting-brake-clownshoe-for-sale/.
42. ↑ Ackerson, Robert (2005). Chrysler 300 Series: Pedigree, Power and Performance Since 1955. Veloce Publishing. p. 190. ISBN 9781904788904. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ign8btHPbvMC&q=dodge+magnum+shooting+brake&pg=PA190. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
43. ↑ "2006 Dodge Magnum". http://www.worldcarfans.com/10506178925/2006-dodge-magnum.
44. ↑ "Unattractive and Overhyped: The new Chrysler 300". http://cars.about.com/od/designandstyle/a/hemi_critique.htm.
45. ↑ "Renault Altica". https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/car-reviews/16453/renault-altica.
46. ↑ A New Kind of Club. Torque Magazine. October 2007. https://books.google.com/books?id=_PUDAAAAMBAJ&q="shooting-brake"+mini+clubman&pg=PA65. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
47. ↑ Martine, Nate (13 September 2011). "2012 Fisker Surf Say Hello to the Future's Coolest Niche EV Segment". Motor Trend. https://www.motortrend.com/reviews/2012-fisker-surf-look/.
48. ↑ Shultz, Jonathon (21 January 2011). "Ferrari FF, an All-Wheel-Drive Shooting Brake". http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/21/ferrari-ff-an-all-wheel-drive-shooting-brake/.
49. ↑ "2004 Chevrolet Nomad Concept". 30 March 2016. http://www.supercars.net/cars/2736.html.
50. ↑ Kew, Ollie (29 June 2012). "Mercedes CLS Shooting Brake (2012) first pictures". Car Magazine. http://www.carmagazine.co.uk/News/Search-Results/First-Official-Pictures/Mercedes-CLS-Shooting-Brake-2012-first-official-pictures/.
51. ↑ "2013 Mercedes CLS 63 AMG Shooting Brake Review" (in en-US). Top Speed. https://www.topspeed.com/cars/mercedes/2013-mercedes-cls-63-amg-shooting-brake/.
52. ↑ "2013 Mercedes-Benz CLS-class Shooting Brake". Car and Driver. June 2012. http://www.caranddriver.com/news/2013-mercedes-benz-cls-shooting-brake-photos-and-info-news.
53. ↑ "China auto show: Mercedes-Benz Shooting Break concept previews new CLS". Autoweek. http://autoweek.com/article/china-auto-show/china-auto-show-mercedes-benz-shooting-break-concept-previews-new-cls-0.
54. ↑ "Mercedes CLA Shooting Brake arrives in Geneva". https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/mercedes/cla/89563/mercedes-cla-shooting-brake-arrives-in-geneva.
55. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz CLA Shooting Brake: Vehicle concept". https://www.mercedes-benz.co.uk/passengercars/mercedes-benz-cars/models/cla/cla-shooting-brake/explore/concept-intro.module.html.
56. ↑ "Mercedes CLA Shooting Brake review". Telegraph Cars. 9 November 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46muyJM-ivk.
57. ↑ "Mercedes CLA Shooting Brake (2015) review". 3 June 2015. https://www.carmagazine.co.uk/car-reviews/mercedes-benz/mercedes-cla-shooting-brake-2015-review/.
58. ↑ "Porsche shooting brake: past and present". porsche.com (Press release). Retrieved 8 November 2018.
59. ↑ "Arteon Shooting Brake". volkswagen-newsroom.com (Press release). Retrieved 15 March 2022.
60. ↑ Angelov, Dim (18 May 2021). "Cool Shooting Brakes You Probably Didn't Know About". Top Speed. https://www.topspeed.com/cars/guides/cool-shooting-brakes-you-probably-didn-t-know-about/.
61. ↑ "What is a shooting brake and why are they a good idea?". 23 March 2022. https://www.autotrader.co.uk/content/news/what-is-a-shooting-brake?.
62. ↑ Kacher, Georg (19 May 2023). "BMW's Z4 Concept Touring Coupe Could Herald the Return of the Clown Shoe". Car and Driver. https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a43941429/bmw-z4-concept-touring-coupe-revealed/.

## External links

* "The Shooting Brakes Archive". https://www.coachbuild.com/index.php/about-coachbuilding/the-shooting-brakes-archive.

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