Shutter lag

Short description: Delay when taking photos in photography

In photography, shutter lag is the delay between triggering the shutter and when the photograph is actually recorded, which includes all lag between when the shutter button is pressed and when the photo is taken, including metering and focus lag. it can be mitigated to an extent by pre-focusing and readying for action.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Film cameras
* 2 Digital cameras
* 3 Examples of various shutter lag times
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Film cameras

In film cameras, the delay is caused by the mechanism inside the camera that opens the shutter, exposing the film. Because the process is mechanical, however, and relatively brief, shutter lag in film cameras is often only noticeable (and of any concern) to professionals. SLRs have a slight additional lag due to the time it takes to move the mirror out of the way.[2]

## Digital cameras

Shutter lag is much more of a problem with digital cameras, although higher cost models tend to have less lag.[3]

The comet-tail artifact that early CCD sensors suffered from was significantly reduced by the invention of the pinned photodiode (PPD).[4] It was invented by Nobukazu Teranishi, Hiromitsu Shiraki and Yasuo Ishihara at NEC in 1980.[4][5] The "pinned photodiode" is a photodetector structure used in almost all charge-coupled device (CCD) and CMOS image sensors (CIS) due to its low noise, high quantum efficiency and low dark current.[4] In 1987, the PPD began to be incorporated into most CCD devices, becoming a fixture in consumer electronic video cameras and then digital still cameras. The PPD has since been used in most CCD sensors and then CMOS sensors.[4]

Improvements in technology, such as the speed, bandwidth and power consumption of processor chips and memory, as well as CCD technology and then CMOS sensors, have made shutter lag less of a problem. While digital SLRs have achieved lag times around 50 ms by the late 2000s, some EVILs take half as long in the 2010s. That said, the lag times of some exceptional historic devices are still unsurpassed, see table below.

## Examples of various shutter lag times

Note that cameras offer increasingly varied choices of fully mechanical shutter, first-curtain electronic shutter (EFCS; meaning a mechanical shutter only at the end of the exposure), or fully electronic (thus silent) shutter. This is paired with either autofocus, fully manual focus, or prefocus (half-pressing the shutter button to engage autofocus and lock exposure; then holding the button half-pressed until the decisive picture-taking moment, in which the button is depressed completely). Typically, prefocus + EFCS results in the shortest shutter lag (see the following individual sources with measurements for all available modi).

This table quotes the shortest possible lag time of the respective camera. Note that variations may occur between manufacturer-claimed times and real-world measurements. In the case of follow-up versions of cameras (Mark II, -N, -s, ...), it is usually save to assume identical performance unless explicitly stated otherwise in press releases or comparisons.

Camera  | Type  | Shutter lag [ms]

|
|

Nikon Coolpix L3 | Point-and-shoot (digital)  | 1800
Nikon Coolpix S550  | Point-and-shoot (digital)  | 590
Panasonic DMC Lumix FS20  | Point-and-shoot (digital)  | 480
Canon PowerShot A590 IS  | Point-and-shoot (digital)  | 350
Samsung Nx-Mini  | SLR (digital, APS)  | 164[6]
Sony Cyber-shot DSC-W80  | Point-and-shoot (digital)  | 150
Pentax MZ-50  | SLR (Film)  | 120
Konica Minolta Maxxum 7D  | SLR (digital, APS-C, built-in image stabilization)  | 117[7]
Sony NEX-5  | EVIL (APS)  | 115[8]
Fujifilm GFX 50S  | EVIL (44mm)  | 108[9]
Fujifilm GFX 100  | EVIL (44mm)  | 105[10]
Fujifilm GFX 50R  | EVIL (44mm)  | 102[11]
Minolta Maxxum 9 [de; de; Minolta Dynax 9] | SLR (Film)  | 90[12]
Sigma SD1  | SLR (APS)  | 88[13]
Leica M8  | Rangefinder (Digital, APS-H)  | 80
Leica M9  | Rangefinder (Digital, 35mm)  | 80
Sony A850  | SLR (digital, 35mm, built-in image stabilization)  | 74[14]
Sony A900  | SLR (digital, 35mm, built-in image stabilization)  | 72[15]
Minolta XD-7  | SLR (Film)  | 60
Nikon Z7 and Z6  | EVIL (35mm)  | 59[16] and 56[17] respectively, 69-70[18] both
Canon EOS-5D Mark IV and 5DS  | SLR (digital, 35mm)  | 57,[19][20] 61-63[18]
Canon EOS-1D X  | SLR (digital, 35mm)  | 57-58,[18] 36[21]
Nikon Df  | SLR (digital, 35mm)  | 55-57[18]
Nikon D300s  | SLR (digital, APS)  | 53
Sony Alpha SLT-A77 | SLR (digital, APS, built-in image stabilization)  | 53[22]
Canon EOS-1D Mark II  | SLR (digital, APS-H)  | \-  | Canon EOS-1D Mark IV | SLR (digital, APS-H)  | 49
Leica SL 601  | EVIL (35mm)  | 46[24]
Nikon D700 and 800 | SLR (digital, 35mm)  | 44,[18] less than D500, 600, 610, 750, 810, and 850.
Nikon D3s  | SLR (digital, 35mm)  | 43
Nikon D3x  | SLR (digital, 35mm)  | 40
Nikon D5 | SLR (digital, 35mm)  | 39,[25] 43-57[18]
Minolta XE-1  | SLR (Film)  | 38
Nikon D2H, D2Hs, D2X  | SLR (digital, APS)  | 37[26]
Nikon F6  | SLR (Film)  | 37
Contax RTS33  | SLR (Film)  | 22
Sony A7 and A7 III  | EVIL (35mm)  | 21-25,[18] 23[27][28]
Sony NEX-7, NEX-5N, a6x00 series  | EVIL (APS)  | 20-25,[18] 22[29]
Sony A7r II  | EVIL (35mm)  | 20,[30] 21-26[18] (noticeably faster than the 163 ms of Mark 1; 3 ms faster than Mark 3 and 4)
Sony A7s  | EVIL (35mm)  | 20-23[18]
Leica M3  | Rangefinder (Film)  | 16
Leica M7  | Rangefinder (Film)  | 12
Sony Cyber-Shot DSC-F828 | Point-and-shoot (digital)  | 9[31] = manufacturer claim. Note that Sony claims the same 9 ms for models P93, T33 and W1; ImagingResource tested them at 11 ms[32][33][34]
Canon EOS RT  | SLR (Film)  | 8[35]
Canon EOS-1N RS  | SLR (Film)  | 6[36]

## References

1. ↑ Hirsch, Robert (2018-03-05) (in en). Light and Lens: Photography in the Digital Age. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-37170-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=BVNPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT204.
2. ↑ Jones, Patrick (2011-02-10) (in en). Practical Forensic Digital Imaging: Applications and Techniques. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-040-08161-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=4bsYEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA60.
3. ↑ Jones, Patrick (2011-02-10) (in en). Practical Forensic Digital Imaging: Applications and Techniques. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-040-08161-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=4bsYEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA60.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Fossum, Eric R.; Hondongwa, D. B. (2014). "A Review of the Pinned Photodiode for CCD and CMOS Image Sensors". IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society 2 (3): 33–43. doi:10.1109/JEDS.2014.2306412.
5. ↑ U.S. Patent 4,484,210: Solid-state imaging device having a reduced image lag
6. ↑ "Samsung NX Mini Review - Performance" (in en). https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/samsung-nx-mini/samsung-nx-miniA6.HTM.
7. ↑ Imaging-Resource Preview Konica Minolta Dynax/Maxxum/Alpha 7D
8. ↑ Imaging-Resource Preview Sony Alpha NEX-5
9. ↑ "Fujifilm GFX 50S Review - Performance" (in en). https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/fuji-gfx/fuji-gfxA6.HTM.
10. ↑ "Fujifilm GFX 100 Review - Performance" (in en). https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/fuji-gfx-100/fuji-gfx-100A6.HTM.
11. ↑ "Fujifilm GFX 50R Review - Performance" (in en). https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/fuji-gfx-50r/fuji-gfx-50rA6.HTM.
12. ↑ Josef Scheibel, Robert Scheibel: Foto-Guide Minolta Dynax 9. vfv Verlag für Foto, Film und Video, Gilching 1999, ISBN 3-88955-116-5 (176 pages, [1], retrieved at 8 January 2011).
13. ↑ "Sigma SD1 Merrill Review - Performance" (in en). https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/SD1/SD1A6.HTM.
14. ↑ Imaging-Resource Preview Sony Alpha DSLR-A850 (Firmware 1)
15. ↑ Imaging-Resource Preview Sony Alpha DSLR-A900 (Firmware 1)
16. ↑ "Nikon Z7 Review - Performance" (in en). https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/nikon-z7/nikon-z7A6.HTM.
17. ↑ "Nikon Z6 Review - Performance" (in en). https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/nikon-z6/nikon-z6A6.HTM.
18. ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 "Eltima Shutter Lag Tests". https://eltima.de/files/eltima-electronic/download/tipps-und-tricks/shutter-lag-of-cameras.pdf. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
19. ↑ "Canon 5D Mark IV Review - Performance" (in en). https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/canon-5d-iv/canon-5d-ivA6.HTM.
20. ↑ "Canon 5DS Review - Performance" (in en). https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/canon-5ds/canon-5dsA6.HTM.
21. ↑ "Canon Professional Network - The EOS-1D X explained: inside Canon's flagship DSLR". http://cpn.canon-europe.com/content/education/technical/eos_1d_x_explained.do. Retrieved 2015-06-04.
22. ↑ Imaging-Resource Preview Sony Alpha SLT-A77V
23. ↑ "Canon 1DX Mark II Review - Performance" (in en). https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/canon-1dx-ii/canon-1dx-iiA6.HTM.
24. ↑ "Leica SL (Typ 601) Review - Performance" (in en). https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/leica-sl-typ-601/leica-sl-typ-601A6.HTM.
25. ↑ "Nikon D5 Review - Performance" (in en). https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/nikon-d5/nikon-d5A6.HTM.
26. ↑ "Nikon D2hs Press Release". 2005-02-16. http://www.nikon.com/news/2005/0216_01.htm. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
27. ↑ "Sony A7 Review". https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/sony-a7/sony-a7A.HTM.
28. ↑ "Sony A7 III Review - Performance". https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/sony-a7-iii/sony-a7-iiiA6.HTM.
29. ↑ Imaging-Resource Preview Sony Alpha NEX-5N
30. ↑ "Sony A7R II Review - Performance". https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/sony-a7r-ii/sony-a7r-iiA6.HTM.
31. ↑ "Sony Cyber-shot DSC-F828 Digital Camera Review: Shutter Lag & Cycle Time Tests". https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/F828/F82A7.HTM.
32. ↑ "Digital Cameras - Picky Details of the Sony Cybershot DSC-P93 Digital Camera". https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/P93/P93DATA.HTM.
33. ↑ "Digital Cameras - Picky Details of the Sony Cyber-shot DSC-T33 Digital Camera". https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/T33/T33DATA.HTM.
34. ↑ "Digital Cameras - Picky Details of the Sony CyberShot DSC-W1 Digital Camera". https://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/W1/W1DATA.HTM.
35. ↑ "EOS RT - Canon Camera Museum". https://global.canon/en/c-museum/product/film136.html.
36. ↑ "EOS-1N RS - Canon Camera Museum". https://global.canon/en/c-museum/product/film177.html.

## External links

* Shutter lag comparison chart for digital P&S
* Imaging Resource camera reviews often with measured shutter lag times
* NY Times article on shutter lag
* Photographer's Article on Shutter Lag
* What is Zero Shutter Delay (ZSD) on your mobile camera

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