THEMIS

Five THEMIS satellites

Names|

* Explorer 85 – THEMIS-A – THEMIS-P5 – MIDEX-5A
* Explorer 86 – THEMIS-B (ARTEMIS-P1) – THEMIS-P1 – MIDEX-5B
* Explorer 87 – THEMIS-C (ARTEMIS-P2) – THEMIS-P2 – MIDEX-5C
* Explorer 88 – THEMIS-D – THEMIS-P3 – MIDEX-5D
* Explorer 89 – THEMIS-E – THEMIS-P4 – MIDEX-5E

Mission type| Magnetospheric research
Operator| NASA
COSPAR ID| 2007-004 (A, B, C, D, E)
SATCAT no.| 30580, 30581, 30582, 30583, 30584
Website| http://themis.igpp.ucla.edu/
Mission duration| Planned: 2 years
Elapsed: 19 years, 3 months and 3 days
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft| Explorer LXXXV
Spacecraft type| Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms
Bus| THEMIS
Manufacturer| Swales Aerospace
Launch mass| 126 kg (each)[1]
Power| 37 watts (each)
Start of mission
Launch date| 17 February 2007, 23:01:00 UTC
Rocket| Delta II 7925-10C (Delta 323)
Launch site| Cape Canaveral, SLC-17B
Contractor| Boeing Defense, Space & Security
Entered service| 4 December 2007
Orbital parameters
Reference system| Geocentric orbit[2]
Regime| Highly Elliptical Orbit
Perigee altitude| 470 km (290 mi)
Apogee altitude| 87,330 km (54,260 mi)
Inclination| 16.00°
Period| 1870.00 minutes
Instruments
Electric Field Instruments (EFI)
Electrostatic Analyzer (ESA)
Fluxgate magnetometer (FGM)
Search-coil magnetometer (SCM)
Solid State Telescope (SST)

THEMIS mission patch

Explorer program

<- Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Explorer 84)

AIM (Explorer 90) ->

Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission began in February 2007 as a constellation of five NASA satellites (THEMIS-A through THEMIS-E) to study energy releases from Earth's magnetosphere known as substorms, magnetic phenomena that intensify auroras near Earth's poles. The name of the mission is an acronym alluding to the Titan Themis.[3]

Three of the satellites orbit the Earth within the magnetosphere, while two have been moved into orbit around the Moon. Those two were renamed ARTEMIS for Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun. THEMIS-B became ARTEMIS-P1 and THEMIS-C became ARTEMIS-P2.[4] ARTEMIS-P1 and -P2 together comprise the THEMIS–ARTEMIS mission.[5]

The THEMIS satellites were launched 17 February 2007 from SLC-17B aboard a Delta II launch vehicle.[3][6] Each satellite carries five identical instruments, including a fluxgate magnetometer (FGM), an electrostatic analyzer (ESA), a solid state telescope (SST), a search-coil magnetometer (SCM) and an electric field instrument (EFI). Each probe has a mass of 126 kg (278 lb), including 49 kg (108 lb) of hydrazine fuel.[7]

THEMIS data can be accessed using the SPEDAS software. Canada, Austria, Germany, and France also contributed to the mission.

## Contents

* 1 Spacecraft
* 2 Testing
* 3 Launch
* 4 FAST
* 5 Mission status
* 5.1 Extended mission
* 5.2 ARTEMIS
* 6 Instruments
* 6.1 Aboard the spacecraft
* 6.2 Ground based
* 7 Research results
* 7.1 Lists of relevant topics
* 7.2 Other relevant spacecraft
* 8 See also
* 9 References
* 10 External links

## Spacecraft

Satellites before installation of the fairings

Swales Aerospace, now part of Orbital ATK which is now part of Northrop Grumman, Beltsville, Maryland, manufactured all five probes for this mission. Each was built-up and tested at the Beltsville facility, before being delivered to University of California, Berkeley for instrument integration. Swales was responsible for integrating the BAU, IRU, Solar arrays, antenna, battery, and other components necessary for functionality. This was the second major satellite built by Swales, the first being the Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) spacecraft, which continues to orbit Earth. Swales was also responsible for designing and building the Electrical Ground Support Equipment (EGSE) used for monitoring the probes during all phases of pre-launch activities, including use at the launch site.

## Testing

After the installation of instruments at SSL, Berkeley, pre-launch testing including thermal-vacuum, vibration and acoustic tests, was conducted at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

## Launch

The launch of THEMIS atop the Delta II 7925-10C launch vehicle, at SLC-17B, Cape Canaveral

THEMIS was originally scheduled to launch on 19 October 2006. Owing to delays caused by workmanship problems with Delta II second stages — an issue that also affected the previous mission, STEREO — the THEMIS launch was delayed to 15 February 2007. Due to weather conditions occurring on 13 February 2007, fueling of the second stage was delayed, and the launch pushed back 24 hours. On 16 February 2007, the launch was scrubbed in a hold at the T-4 minute point in the countdown due to the final weather balloon reporting a red, or no-go condition for upper-level winds. A 24-hour turnaround procedure was initiated, targeting a new launch window between 23:01 and 23:17 UTC on 17 February 2007.

Favorable weather conditions were observed on 17 February 2007, and the countdown proceeded smoothly. THEMIS successfully launched at 23:01:00 UTC. The spacecraft separated from the launch vehicle approximately 73 minutes after liftoff. By 03:07 UTC, on 18 February, mission operators at the Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL) of the University of California, Berkeley, commanded and received signals from all five spacecraft, confirming nominal separation status.

The launch service was provided by the United Launch Alliance through the NASA Launch Services Program (LSP).

## FAST

The Fast Auroral SnapshoT Explorer (FAST) mission supported THEMIS in 2008 and 2009 before being retired.[8] FAST was a Small Explorer program (SMEX) mission launched in 1996.[8]

## Mission status

From 15 February 2007 until 15 September 2007, the five THEMIS satellites coasted in a string-of-pearls orbital configuration. From 15 September until 4 December 2007, the satellites were moved to more distant orbits in preparation for data collection in the magnetotail. This phase of the mission was called the "Dawn Phase" because the satellites' orbits were in apogee on the dawn side of the magnetosphere. On 4 December 2007, the first tail science phase of the mission began. In this segment of the mission scientists will collect data from the magnetotail of the Earth's magnetosphere. During this phase the satellites' orbits are in apogee inside the magnetotail. The scientists hope to observe substorms and magnetic reconnection events. During these events charged particles stored in the Earth's magnetosphere are discharged to form the aurora borealis. Tail science is performed in the winter of the Northern Hemisphere because the ground magnetometers that Themis scientists correlate the satellite data with have relatively longer periods of night. During the night, observations are not interrupted by charged particles from the Sun.[9]

In 2007, THEMIS "found evidence of magnetic ropes connecting Earth's upper atmosphere directly to the Sun", reconfirming the theory of solar-terrestrial electrical interaction (via "Birkeland currents" or "field-aligned currents") proposed by Kristian Birkeland circa 1908.[10][11] NASA also likened the interaction to a "30 kiloVolt battery in space", noting the "flux rope pumps 650,000 Ampere current into the Arctic!"[12]

On 26 February 2008, THEMIS probes were able to determine, for the first time, the triggering event for the onset of magnetospheric substorms.[13] Two of the five probes, positioned approximately one third the distance to the Moon, measured events suggesting a magnetic reconnection event 96 seconds prior to Auroral intensification.[14] Vassilis Angelopoulos of the University of California, Los Angeles, who is the principal investigator for the THEMIS mission, claimed, "Our data show clearly and for the first time that magnetic reconnection is the trigger".[15]

THEMIS images and multimedia

* THEMIS in orbit.

* THEMIS discovered a flux rope pumping a 650,000 Amp current into the Arctic.

* THEMIS discovered that Earth's magnetic field often develops two holes that allow leaks of solar particles.

* This illustration depicts the individual orbits of NASA's THEMIS spacecraft.

### Extended mission

On 19 May 2008, the Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL) at University of California, Berkeley announced NASA had extended the THEMIS mission to the year 2012. NASA officially approved the movement of THEMIS-B and THEMIS-C into lunar orbit under the mission name "ARTEMIS" (Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun), which was revised to "THEMIS–ARTEMIS" in 2019.[5] In February 2017, THEMIS celebrated ten years of science operations. As of August 2017, the three THEMIS inner probes continue to collect valuable data on the Sun's interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere.

### ARTEMIS

Not to be confused with Artemis program, a NASA attempt to return humans to the Moon, or the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service satellite ARTEMIS.

"ARTEMIS" redirects here. For other topics, see Artemis (disambiguation).

ARTEMIS probes in lunar orbit

In early 2010, ARTEMIS-P1 (THEMIS-B) performed two lunar flybys and one Earth flyby, and approached insertion into a Lissajous orbit around a lunar Lagrange point. Lunar orbit insertion was targeted for April 2011. ARTEMIS-P2 (THEMIS-C) completed a lunar flyby and was on the inbound leg of the first of three deep space excursions on its way to a Lissajous orbit and was targeted for lunar orbit in April 2011.[16]

On 22 June 2011, ARTEMIS-P1 began firing its thrusters to move out of its kidney-shaped libration orbit on one side of the Moon, where it had been since January 2011.[17] On 2 July 2011 at 16:30 UTC, ARTEMIS-P1 entered lunar orbit. The second spacecraft, ARTEMIS-P2, moved into lunar orbit on 17 July 2011.[18] Along the way, the two spacecraft were the first to achieve orbit around the Moon's Lagrange points.[17][19]

As of October 2019, both lunar probes are in stable orbits, and are expected to remain operational for a long time.[5]

Animation of THEMIS-B

Geocentric orbit phase

Trans-lunar injection phase

Lissajous orbit phase

Selenocentric orbit phase

THEMIS-B * Earth * Moon

## Instruments

### Aboard the spacecraft

* Digital Fields Board (DFB): uses a Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to perform configurable on-board band pass processing and Fast Fourier transform (FFT) on instrument data
* Electric Field Instruments (EFI): is designed and built to sense the electric field in Earth's ever-changing magnetosphere
* Electrostatic Analyzer (ESA): measures thermal electrons and ions to identify and track high-speed flows through the magnetotail and identify pressure pulses
* Fluxgate magnetometer (FGM): measures the background magnetic field to identify and time the abrupt reconfigurations of the magnetosphere during substorm onset, contributed by the German Aerospace Center and the Austrian Space Agency[20]
* Instrument Data Processing Unit (IDPU): houses most of the electronics for the instruments on the THEMIS spacecraft
* Search-coil magnetometer (SCM): measures low frequency magnetic field fluctuations and waves in three directions in Earth's magnetosphere, built by the Centre d'étude des Environnements Terrestres et Planétaire (CETP) and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)[20]
* Solid State Telescope (SST): measures energetic particle distribution functions

### Ground based

As the satellites monitor the magnetosphere from orbit, twenty ground stations in North America simultaneously monitor auroras. Ground station mission and science operations are being managed by the University of California's Space Sciences Laboratory.

* Ground-Based All-Sky Imager (ASI) Array: ground-based All-Sky Imager (ASI) array observes the aurora over the Northern American continent from Canada to Alaska in order to determine where and when the auroral substorm onset occurs.
* Ground-Based Magnetometer (GMAG) Array: GMAG Measures changes in Earth's magnetic field near Earth's surface due to substorm onset to help determine the timing of substorm events.

## Research results

The THEMIS instruments have been used to track whistler-mode chorus waves during can persist in periods of low geomagnetic activity.[21][22]

### Lists of relevant topics

* List of active Solar System probes
* List of heliophysics missions
* List of objects at Lagrangian points
* List of Solar System probes
* List of space telescopes
* Timeline of Solar System exploration
* SPEDAS software for space physics data

### Other relevant spacecraft

* Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), launched in 1997, still operational.
* Cassini–Huygens
* Cluster
* Double Star launched on Cluster.
* Helios
* MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging), launched in 2004, impacted on Mercury on 30 April 2015.
* Van Allen Probes
* Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), launched in 2010, still operational.
* Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), launched in 1995, still operational.
* Solar Maximum Mission (SMM), launched in 1980, decommissioned 1989.
* Solar Orbiter (SOLO), launched in 2020.
* Parker Solar Probe, launched in 2018.
* STEREO (Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory), launched in 2006, still operational.
* Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE), launched in 1998, decommissioned 2010.
* Ulysses, launched in 1990, decommissioned 2009.
* WIND, launched in 1994, still operational.
* ELFIN (Electron Losses and Fields INvestigation), launched in 2018.

## See also

* Explorer program

## References

1. ↑ "ARTEMIS (THEMIS)". NASA's Solar System Exploration website. 30 November 2017. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/in-depth/.
2. ↑ "Trajectory: THEMIS-A (Explorer 85) 2007-004A". NASA. 28 October 2021. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=2007-004A. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "THEMIS (Explorer 85)". NASA. 28 October 2021. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/themis/main/index.html. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
4. ↑ Phillips, Tony. "Dead Spacecraft Walking". ARTEMIS mission site. NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/dead-walking.html. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Johnson-Groh, Mara (October 7, 2019). "Artemis, meet ARTEMIS: Pursuing Sun Science at the Moon". NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/artemis-meet-artemis-pursuing-sun-science-at-the-moon. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
6. ↑ Justin Ray (February 18, 2007). "Mission Status Center: THEMIS". SpaceFlight Now. http://www.spaceflightnow.com/delta/d323/status.html.
7. ↑ "SPACEWARN Bulletin, No. 640". NASA. March 1, 2007. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/spacewarn/spx640.html. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 FAST EPO News
9. ↑ Space Sciences Laboratory (2009). "Themis Orbits". UC Berkeley. http://themis.ssl.berkeley.edu/orbits.shtml.
10. ↑ Cynthia O'Carroll (December 11, 2007). "NASA Spacecraft Make New Discoveries About Northern Lights". Goddard Space Flight Center. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/themis/auroras/northern_lights.html.
11. ↑ Tony Phillips (March 20, 2008). "Spring is Aurora Season". NASA. https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/20mar_spring.htm.
12. ↑ Cynthia O'Carroll (December 7, 2007). "Multimedia for the Press Event for THEMIS". Goddard Space Flight Center. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/themis/auroras/northern_lights_multi.html.
13. ↑ Laura Layton (July 24, 2008). "THEMIS Satellites Discover What Triggers Eruptions of the Northern Lights". NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/themis/auroras/themis_power.html. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
14. ↑ Vassilis Angelopoulos (August 15, 2008). "Tail Reconnection Triggering Substorm Onset". Science 321 (5891): 931–935. doi:10.1126/science.1160495. PMID 18653845. Bibcode: 2008Sci...321..931A.
15. ↑ Tariq Malik (July 24, 2008). "Secret of Colorful Auroras Revealed". Space.com. http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/080724-themis-aurora-mystery.html#comments.
16. ↑ Space Sciences Laboratory. "THEMIS News and Events". UC Berkeley. http://ds9.ssl.berkeley.edu/themis/news.html.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Fox, Karen C. (25 March 2015). "First ARTEMIS Spacecraft Successfully Enters Lunar Orbit". The Sun-Earth Connection: Heliophysics. NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/artemis/news/P1-lunarOrbit.html. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
18. ↑ Hendrix, Susan (25 March 2015). "Second ARTEMIS Spacecraft Successfully Enters Lunar Orbit". The Sun-Earth Connection: Heliophysics. NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/artemis/news/P2-lunarOrbit.html. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
19. ↑ Broschart, S. B. (2009). "Preliminary Trajectory Design for the ARTEMIS Lunar Mission". AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Meeting. Pittsburg. http://www.igpp.ucla.edu/public/THEMIS/SCI/Pubs/artemis/broschart_etal.pdf. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "THEMIS – eoPortal Directory – Satellite Missions". https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/t/themis.
21. ↑ Li, Wen; Thorne, R. M.; Angelopoulos, V.; Bortnik, J.; Cully, C. M.; Ni, B.; LeContel, O.; Roux, A. et al. (7 May 2009). "Global distribution of whistler-mode chorus waves observed on the THEMIS spacecraft". Geophysical Research Letters 36 (9): L09104. doi:10.1029/2009GL037595. Bibcode: 2009GeoRL..36.9104L.
22. ↑ Li, Wen; Bortnik, J.; Thorne, R. M.; Angelopoulos, V. (2011). "Global distribution of wave amplitudes and wave normal angles of chorus waves using THEMIS wave observations". Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 116 (A12). doi:10.1029/2011JA017035. ISSN 2156-2202. Bibcode: 2011JGRA..11612205L.

## External links

* NASA THEMIS page
* THEMIS mission page (UCB)
* THEMIS Mission Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration
* Space Ref news release
* Canadian Ground-based observatory web page
* Berkeleyan Launch Coverage
* See page 8 in this document for antenna reference
* THEMIS email lists

* v
* t
* e

Spacecraft missions to the Moon

Exploration
programs|

* American
* Apollo
* Artemis
* Commercial Lunar Payload Services
* Lunar Orbiter
* Lunar Precursor
* Pioneer
* Ranger
* Surveyor
* Chinese (Chang'e)
* Indian (Chandrayaan)
* Japanese
* Russian
* Luna-Glob
* Soviet
* Crewed
* Luna
* Lunokhod
* Zond

Active
missions|

| Orbiters|

* ARTEMIS
* Chang'e 5-T1 (service module)
* Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
* Queqiao (relay satellite at L2)
* Chandrayaan-2

|

Landers|

* Chang'e 3
* Chang'e 4

Rovers|

* Yutu-2

Past
missions|

| Crewed landings|

* Apollo 11
* 12
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* (List of Apollo astronauts)

|

Orbiters|

* Apollo 8
* 10
* Apollo Lunar Module
* Chang'e 1
* 2
* Chandrayaan-1
* Clementine
* Explorer 35
* 49
* GRAIL
* Hiten
* LADEE
* Longjiang-2
* Luna 10
* 11
* 12
* 14
* 19
* 22
* Lunar Orbiter 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* Lunar Prospector
* PFS-1
* PFS-2
* SMART-1
* SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)

Impactors|

* LCROSS
* Luna 2
* Moon Impact Probe
* Ranger 4
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9

Landers|

* Apollo Lunar Module ×6
* Luna 9
* 13
* 16
* 17
* 20
* 21
* 23
* 24
* Surveyor 1
* 3
* 5
* 6
* 7

Rovers|

* Lunar Roving Vehicle
* Apollo 15
* 16
* 17
* Lunokhod 1
* 2
* Yutu

Sample return|

* Apollo 11
* 12
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* Luna 16
* 20
* 24

Failed landings|

* Surveyor 2
* 4
* Luna 5
* 7
* 8
* 15
* 18
* Beresheet
* Vikram / Pragyan

Flybys|

* 4M
* Apollo 13
* AsiaSat-3 / HGS-1
* Chang'e 5-T1 / Xiaofei
* Geotail
* ICE
* Longjiang-1
* Luna 1
* 3
* 4
* 6
* Mariner 10
* Nozomi
* Pioneer 4
* Ranger 5
* STEREO
* TESS
* WMAP
* WIND
* Zond 3
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* PAS-22

Planned
missions|

| Artemis|

* Artemis 1 (2020)
* ArgoMoon
* BioSentinel
* Cislunar Explorers
* CU-E3
* CuSP
* EQUULEUS
* LunaH-Map
* Lunar Flashlight
* Lunar IceCube
* NEA Scout
* OMOTENASHI
* SkyFire
* Team Miles
* Artemis 2 (2022)
* Artemis 3 (2024)
* Artemis 4 (2025)
* Artemis 5 (2026)
* Artemis 6 (2027)
* Artemis 7 (2028)
* Artemis 8 (2028)

|

CLPS|

* CAPSTONE (December 2020)
* Nova-C (2021)
* Peregrine M1 (Jul 2021)
* VIPER (2022)

Luna-Glob|

* Luna 25 (2021)
* Luna 26 (2024)
* Luna 27 (2025)
* Luna 28 (2027)
* Luna 29 (2028)
* Luna 30 (2028)
* Luna 31 (2028)

CLEP|

* Chang'e 5 (mid-2020)
* Chang'e 6 (2023–2024)
* Chang'e 7 (2023)
* Chang'e 8 (2027)

Others|

* Moon Express Lunar Scout (Jul 2020)
* International Lunar Observatory
* MoonLIGHT
* ALINA (2021)
* CubeRover
* Uni
* Hakuto-R M1 (Oct 2021)
* MoonRanger (2022)
* SLIM (Jan 2022)
* KPLO (Jul 2022)
* DESTINY+ (2022)
* Hakuto-R M2 (Mar 2023)
* #dearMoon project (2023)

Proposed
missions|

| Robotic|

* Chandrayaan-3 (November 2020)
* Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (2024)
* Artemis-7
* Blue Moon
* BOLAS
* Garatéa-L
* ISOCHRON
* Lunar Pathfinder
* McCandless
* Moon Diver
* XL-1

|

Crewed|

* DSE-Alpha
* Lunar Gateway (Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander)
* Lunar Orbital Station

Cancelled /
concepts|

* Altair
* Baden-Württemberg 1
* European Lunar Explorer
* International Lunar Network
* LEO
* LK
* Lunar-A
* Lunar Lander
* Lunar Mission One
* Lunar Observer
* Lunokhod 3
* MoonLITE
* MoonRise
* Prospector
* Resource Prospector
* SELENE-2
* Ukrselena

See also|

* Colonization of the Moon
* Google Lunar X Prize
* List of lunar probes
* List of missions to the Moon
* List of artificial objects on the Moon
* Lunar resources
* Apollo 17 Moon mice
* Moon landing conspiracy theories
* Apollo 11 anniversaries
* List of crewed lunar lander designs

* Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in italics.

* v
* t
* e

21st-century space probes

Active space probes
(deep space missions)|

| Moon|

* ARTEMIS
* Chandrayaan-2
* Chang'e 3
* Chang'e 4 (Yutu-2)
* Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

|

Mars|

* ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Venus|

* Akatsuki

Minor planet|

* Chang'e 2
* Hayabusa2 / MINERVA-II
* New Horizons
* OSIRIS-REx

Solar science|

* ACE
* DSCOVR
* Parker Solar Probe
* SOHO
* STEREO
* Wind

Others|

* BepiColombo
* Gaia
* Juno
* THEMIS
* Voyager 1
* Voyager 2

Completed after 2000
(by termination date)|

| 2000s|

* 2001
* NEAR Shoemaker
* Deep Space 1
* 2003
* Pioneer 10
* Galileo
* Nozomi
* 2004
* Genesis
* 2005
* Huygens
* 2006
* Mars Global Surveyor
* 2008
* Phoenix
* 2009
* Chang'e 1
* Ulysses
* Chandrayaan-1
* SELENE
* LCROSS

|

2010s|

* 2010
* Hayabusa
* MER Spirit
* 2011
* Stardust
* 2012
* GRAIL
* 2013
* Deep Impact
* 2014
* LADEE
* Venus Express
* Chang'e 5-T1
* 2015
* MESSENGER
* PROCYON
* IKAROS
* 2016
* Rosetta / Philae
* Yutu
* ExoMars Schiaparelli
* 2017
* LISA Pathfinder
* Cassini
* 2018
* MASCOT
* Dawn
* Longjiang-1
* 2019
* MarCO
* MER Opportunity
* Beresheet
* Longjiang-2
* Vikram / Pragyan

* List of Solar System probes
* List of lunar probes
* List of space telescopes

* v
* t
* e

Explorers Program

List of Explorers Program missions

Missions|

| 1958–1992|

* Explorer 1
* 2†
* 3
* 4
* 5†
* S-1†
* 6 (S-2)
* 7 (S-1A)
* S-46A†
* 8
* S-56†
* 9 (S-56A)
* S-45†
* 10
* 11 (S-15)
* S-45A†
* S-55†
* 12 (EPE-A)
* 13 (S-55A)
* 14 (EPE-B)
* 15 (EPE-C)
* 16 (S-55B)
* 17 (AE-A)
* 18 (IMP-A)
* 19 (AD-A)
* S-66A (BE-A)†
* 20 (IE-A)
* 21 (IMP-B)
* 22 (BE-B)
* 23 (S-55C)
* 24 (AD-B)
* 25 (Injun 4, IE-B)
* 26 (EPE-D)
* 27 (BE-C)
* 28 (IMP-C)
* 29 (GEOS-A)
* 30 (Solrad 8)
* 31 (DME-A)
* 32 (AE-B)
* 33 (IMP-D)
* 34 (IMP-F)
* 35 (IMP-E)
* 36 (GEOS-B)
* 37 (Solrad 9)
* 38 (RAE-A)
* 39 (AD-C)
* 40 (Injun 5)
* 41 (IMP-G)
* 42 (Uhuru, SAS-A)
* 43 (IMP-H)
* 44 (Solrad 10)
* 45 (SSS-A)
* 46 (MTS)
* 47 (IMP-I)
* 48 (SAS-B)
* 49 (RAE-B)
* 50 (IMP-J)
* 51 (AE-C)
* 52 (Hawkeye 1)
* 53 (SAS-C)
* 54 (AE-D)
* 55 (AE-E)
* DADE-A†
* DADE-B†
* 56 (ISEE-1)
* 57 (IUE)
* 58 (HCMM)
* 59 (ICE)
* 60 (SAGE)
* 61 (Magsat)
* 62 (DE-1)
* 63 (DE-2)
* 64 (SME)
* 65 (CCE)
* 66 (COBE)
* 67 (EUVE)

|

MIDEX|

* 69 (RXTE)
* 71 (ACE)
* 77 (FUSE)
* 78 (IMAGE)
* 80 (WMAP)
* FAME
* 84 (Swift)
* 85–89 (THEMIS)
* 92 (WISE)
* 95 (TESS)
* 96 (ICON)
* SPHEREx

SMEX|

* 68 (SAMPEX)
* 70 (FAST)
* 73 (TRACE)
* 74 (SWAS)
* 75 (WIRE)†
* 81 (RHESSI)
* 83 (GALEX)
* 90 (AIM)
* 91 (IBEX)
* 93 (NuSTAR)
* 94 (IRIS)
* GEMS
* IXPE
* PUNCH
* TRACERS

UNEX/MO/I|

* HETE-1†
* 72 (SNOE)
* 76 (TERRIERS)†
* 79 (HETE-2)
* INTEGRAL
* 82 (CHIPSat)
* CINDI
* Suzaku
* TWINS
* Hitomi†
* NICER
* GOLD
* XRISM
* GUSTO
* CASE

Proposals|

| Proposals|

* FINESSE
* Arcus
* OHMIC
* ASTRE
* EXCEDE

|

* Green titles indicates active current missions
* Grey titles indicates cancelled missions
* Italics indicate missions yet to launch
* Symbol † indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned

* v
* t
* e

NASA

Policy and history|

| History|

* NACA (1915)
* National Aeronautics and Space Act (1958)
* Space Task Group (1958)
* Paine (1986)
* Rogers (1986)
* Ride (1987)
* Space Exploration Initiative (1989)
* Augustine (1990)
* U.S. National Space Policy (1996)
* CFUSAI (2002)
* CAIB (2003)
* Vision for Space Exploration (2004)
* Aldridge (2004)
* Augustine (2009)

|

General|

* Space Race
* Administrator and Deputy Administrator
* Chief Scientist
* Astronaut Corps
* Ranks and positions
* Chief
* Budget
* Spin-off technologies
* NASA TV
* NASA Social
* Launch Services Program
* Mercury Control Center
* Kennedy Space Center
* Vehicle Assembly Building
* Launch Complex 39
* Launch Control Center
* Operations and Checkout Building
* Johnson Space Center
* Mission Control
* Lunar Sample Laboratory

Robotic programs|

| Past|

* Hitchhiker
* Mariner
* Mariner Mark II
* MESUR
* Mars Surveyor '98
* New Millennium
* Lunar Orbiter
* Pioneer
* Planetary Observer
* Ranger
* Surveyor
* Viking
* Project Prometheus
* Mars Scout
* Mars Exploration Rover

|

Current|

* Living With a Star
* Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
* Earth Observing System
* Great Observatories program
* Explorer
* Small explorer
* Voyager
* Discovery
* New Frontiers
* Solar Terrestrial Probes
* Commercial Lunar Payload Services

Human spaceflight
programs|

| Past|

* X-15 (suborbital)
* Mercury
* Gemini
* Apollo
* Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (with the Soviet space program)
* Skylab
* Space Shuttle
* Shuttle–Mir (with Roscosmos State Corporation)
* Constellation

|

Current|

* International Space Station
* Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
* Commercial Crew Development
* Orion
* Artemis
* Lunar Gateway

Individual featured
missions
(human and robotic)|

| Past|

* COBE
* Mercury 3
* Mercury-Atlas 6
* Magellan
* Pioneer 10
* Pioneer 11
* Galileo
* GALEX
* GRAIL
* WMAP
* Space Shuttle
* Sojourner rover
* Spirit rover
* LADEE
* MESSENGER
* Aquarius
* Cassini
* Dawn
* Kepler space telescope
* Opportunity rover
* RHESSI
* observed

|

Currently
operating|

* Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
* 2001 Mars Odyssey
* New Horizons
* International Space Station
* Hubble Space Telescope
* Spitzer
* Swift
* THEMIS
* Mars Exploration Rover
* Curiosity rover
* timeline
* InSight
* GOES 14
* Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
* GOES 15
* Van Allen Probes
* Solar Dynamics Observatory
* Juno
* Mars Science Laboratory
* timeline
* NuSTAR
* Voyager 1
* Voyager 2
* WISE
* MAVEN
* MMS
* OSIRIS-REx
* Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite

Future|

* Joint Polar Satellite System
* James Webb Space Telescope
* Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope
* Mars 2020
* NISAR
* Europa Clipper

Communications
and navigation|

* Near Earth Network
* Space Network
* Deep Space Network (Goldstone
* Madrid
* Canberra
* Space Flight Operations Facility)
* Deep Space Atomic Clock

NASA lists|

* Astronauts
* by name
* by year
* Gemini astronauts
* Apollo astronauts
* List of NASA aircraft
* List of NASA missions
* uncrewed missions
* List of NASA contractors
* List of United States rockets
* List of NASA cancellations
* List of Space Shuttle missions
* crews
* List of NASA cameras on spacecraft

NASA images
and artwork|

* Earthrise
* The Blue Marble
* Family Portrait
* Pale Blue Dot
* Pillars of Creation
* Mystic Mountain
* Solar System Family Portrait
* The Day the Earth Smiled
* Fallen Astronaut
* Lunar plaques
* Pioneer plaques
* Voyager Golden Record
* Apollo 11 goodwill messages
* NASA insignia
* Gemini and Apollo medallions
* Mission patches

Related|

* Apollo 15 postal covers incident
* Space Mirror Memorial
* The Astronaut Monument
* U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
* Space program on U.S. stamps
* Apollo 17 Moon mice
* Other primates in space
* NASA spinoff technologies

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Magnetospherics

Submagnetosphere|

* Atmospheric circulation
* Aurora
* Earth's magnetic field
* Geosphere
* Jet stream
* Polar wind

Earth's magnetosphere|

* Birkeland current
* Bow shock
* Ionosphere
* Magnetopause
* Magnetosheath
* Magnetosphere
* Magnetosphere chronology
* Magnetosphere particle motion
* Plasmasphere
* Ring current
* Van Allen radiation belt

Solar wind|

* Coronal cloud
* Coronal mass ejection
* Solar flare
* Geomagnetic storm
* Heliosphere
* Interplanetary magnetic field
* Heliospheric current sheet
* Heliopause
* Solar particle event
* Space climate
* Space weather

Satellites|

* Full list
* Arase (2016)
* Cluster II
* Double Star
* Geotail
* IMAGE
* MMS (2015)
* Polar
* THEMIS
* Van Allen Probes
* Wind

Research projects|

* EISCAT
* HAARP
* SHARE
* Unwin Radar
* SuperDARN
* Sura Ionospheric Heating Facility

Other magnetospheres|

* Hermian
* Lunar
* Jovian
* Ganymedian
* Saturnian
* Uranian
* Neptunian

Related topics|

* Flux tube
* Gas torus
* Lunar swirls
* Planetary rings
* Jupiter
* Saturn
* Uranus
* Neptune

* v
* t
* e

Orbital launches in 2007

Cartosat-2 * SRE-1 * Lapan-TUBsat * Pehuensat-1 | Progress M-59 | NSS-8 | Beidou-1D | THEMIS A * THEMIS B * THEMIS C * THEMIS D * THEMIS E | IGS Radar 2 * IGS Optical 3V | ASTRO * NEXTSat * MidSTAR-1 * FalconSAT-3 * STPSat-1 * CFESat | Skynet 5A * INSAT-4B | DemoFlight 2 | Soyuz TMA-10 | Anik F3 | Hai Yang 1B | Compass-M1 | EgyptSat 1 * Saudisat-3 * SaudiComsat-3 * SaudiComsat-4 * SaudiComsat-5 * SaudiComsat-6 * SaudiComsat-7 * CP-3 * CP-4 * CAPE-1 * Libertad 1 * AeroCube 2 * CSTB-1 * MAST | AGILE * AAM | NFIRE | AIM | Astra 1L * Galaxy 17 | Progress M-60 | NigComSat-1 | Yaogan 2 * Zheda PiXing 1 | Globalstar 65 * Globalstar 69 * Globalstar 71 * Globalstar 72 | Sinosat-3 | Kosmos 2427 | COSMO-1 | STS-117 (ITS S3/4) | Ofek-7 | TerraSAR-X | USA-194 | Genesis II | Kosmos 2428 | SAR-Lupe 2 | zhongxing 6B | DirecTV-10 | Progress M-61 | Phoenix | STS-118 (ITS S5 * SpaceHab LSM) | Spaceway-3 * BSAT-3a | INSAT-4CR | JCSAT-11 | Kosmos 2429 | Kaguya (Okina * Ouna) | Foton-M No.3 * YES2 | WorldView-1 | CBERS-2B | Dawn | Intelsat 11 * Optus D2 | Soyuz TMA-11 | USA-195 | USA-196 | Globalstar 66 * Globalstar 67 * Globalstar 78 * Globalstar 70 | Kosmos 2430 | STS-120 (Harmony) | Chang'e 1 | Kosmos 2431 * Kosmos 2432 * Kosmos 2433 | SAR-Lupe 3 * Rubin-7 | USA-197 | Yaogan 3 | Skynet 5B * Star One C1 | Sirius 4 | Globus-1M No.11L | COSMO-2 | USA-198 | Radarsat-2 | USA-199 | Horizons-2 * Rascom-QAF 1 | Progress M-62 | Kosmos 2434 * Kosmos 2435 * Kosmos 2436

Payloads are separated by bullets ( * ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in brackets.

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THEMIS. Read more

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*[MIDEX]: Medium-Class Explorers
*[UNEX]: University-class Explorers
*[MO]: Missions of Opportunity
*[I]: International Missions