Timation

The Timation satellites were conceived, developed, and launched by the United States Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. beginning in 1964. The concept of Timation was to broadcast an accurate time reference for use as a ranging signal to receivers on the ground.

On 31 May 1967, the Timation 1 satellite was launched.[1][2] This was followed by the Timation 2 (NRL-PL 169) satellite launch in 1969.[1][2]

In 1973 the U.S. Navy Timation and the Air Force System 621B navigation system (known as the DNSS - Defense Navigation Satellite System) are consolidated by the Deputy Secretary of Defense.[3]

Navigation Technology Satellite 2 (Timation 4)

Two more advanced Timation satellites are launched.[3] NTS-1 - Navigation Technology Satellite (Timation 3) is launched in 1974,[3][4] while NTS-2 (Timation 4) is launched in 1977.[5]

The results of this program and Air Force Project 621B formed the basis for the Global Positioning System (GPS). The Navy's contribution to the GPS program continued to be focused on ever more accurate clocks.[6]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Satellites
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## History

There is a historical connection between accurate time keeping, navigation, and the Navy. In 1714, the British government passed the Longitude Act (see longitude prize) to create an incentive to solve the problem of navigation at sea. The solution, developed by John Harrison, was an accurate clock which could compare local time to Greenwich, England time. To this day, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the successor of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), is the reference time for the planet, and in the United States, the official time for the Department of Defense (DoD) is kept by the United States Navy at the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C. This is kept in synchronization with the official civilian time reference maintained by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and contributes to the International Atomic Time.[7]

## Satellites

Satellite  | Launch  | Launch Pad  | Launcher  | NSSDC ID  |

|
|
|
|
|

Timation 1  | 31 May 1967  | SLC 2W  | Thor-DM21 Agena-D[1] | 1967-053E[2] | with Poppy 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D; Calsphere 3, 4; NRL-PL 150B and OPS 5712
Timation 2  | 30 September 1969  | SLC 1W  | Thorad-SLV2G Agena-D[1] | 1969-082B[2] | with Poppy 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D; Tempsat 2; SOICAL Cone, Cylinder; Weston; NRL-PL 176
NTS-1 (Timation 3)  | 14 July 1974  | SLC 3W  | Atlas F PTS[4] | 1974-054A[4] |
NTS-2 (Timation 4)  | 23 June 1977  | SLC 3W  | Atlas F SGS-1[5] | 1977-053A[5] |

## See also

* Time signal
* Global Positioning System (GPS)

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Timation 1, 2" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/timation.htm.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Timation". http://www.astronautix.com/t/timation.html.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "GPS Timeline". 2010-02-13. http://support.radioshack.com/support_tutorials/gps/gps_tmline.htm.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "NTS 1 (P73-3)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/nts-1.htm.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "NTS 2 (P76-4)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/nts-2.htm.
6. ↑ R.L. Beard; J. Murray (1986). "GPS Clock Technology and the Navy PTTI programs at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory". pp. 39, 40. Archived from the original. Error: If you specify `|archiveurl=`, you must also specify `|archivedate=`. https://web.archive.org/web/20110606212707/http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/ptti/1986/Vol 18_03.pdf. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
7. ↑ "NIST Time". NIST. 3 February 2010. https://www.nist.gov/pml/div688/utcnist.cfm#usno. Retrieved 10 June 2013. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

## External links

* Timation Satellite Program (navy.mil)
* Who invented the Global Positioning System? (thespacereview.com)
* Range navigation using the Timation II satellite

* v
* t
* e

Satellite navigation systems

Operational|

* BeiDou
* DORIS
* Galileo
* GLONASS
* GPS / NavStar
* IRNSS / NAVIC

Historical|

* BDS / BeiDou-1
* Transit
* Timation
* Tsiklon

GNSS augmentation|

* EGNOS
* GAGAN
* GPS·C (retired)
* JPALS
* LAAS
* MSAS
* NTRIP
* QZSS / Michibiki
* StarFire
* WAAS

Related topics|

* GNSS reflectometry
* Kalman filter
* Wavelet

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