USA-96

USA-96Names| Navstar 2A-14
GPS IIA-14
GPS II-23
GPS SVN-34

|

Mission type| Navigation
Operator| U.S. Air Force
COSPAR ID| 1993-068A[1]
SATCAT no.| 22877
Mission duration| 7.5 years (planned)
26 years (achieved)
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft| GPS IIA
Spacecraft type| GPS Block IIA[2]
Manufacturer| Rockwell International
Launch mass| 840 kg (1,850 lb)
Dimensions| 5.3 m (17 ft) of long
Power| 710 watts
Start of mission
Launch date| 26 October 1993, 17:04:00 UTC
Rocket| Delta II 7925-9.5
(Delta D223)
Launch site| Cape Canaveral, LC-17B
Contractor| McDonnell Douglas
Entered service| 25 November 1993
End of mission
Disposal| Graveyard orbit
Deactivated| 9 October 2019
Orbital parameters
Reference system| Geocentric orbit[3]
Regime| Medium Earth orbit
(Semi-synchronous)
Slot| D4 (slot 4 plane D)
Perigee altitude| 20,107 km (12,494 mi)
Apogee altitude| 20,264 km (12,591 mi)
Inclination| 55.08°
Period| 718.00 minutes

Global Positioning System

<- USA-94 (GPS IIA-13)

USA-100 (GPS IIA-15) ->

USA-96, also known as GPS IIA-14, GPS II-23 and GPS SVN-34, is an American navigation satellite which is part of the Global Positioning System. It was 14 of 19 Block IIA GPS satellites to be launched, and the last one to be retired.

## Contents

* 1 Background
* 2 Launch
* 3 Mission
* 4 References

## Background

Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55.0°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.[1]

GPS Block 2 was the operational system, following the demonstration system composed of Block 1 (Navstar 1 - 11) spacecraft. These spacecraft were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied 710 watts of power. They used S-band (SGLS) communications for control and telemetry and Ultra high frequency (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. The payload consisted of two L-band navigation signals at 1575.42 MHz (L1) and 1227.60 MHz (L2). Each spacecraft carried 2 rubidium and 2 Cesium clocks and nuclear detonation detection sensors. Built by Rockwell Space Systems for the U.S. Air force, the spacecraft measured 5.3 m across with solar panels deployed and had a design life of 7.5 years.[1]

## Launch

USA-96 was launched at 17:04:00 UTC on 26 October 1993, atop a Delta II launch vehicle, flight number D223, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration.[4] The launch took place from Launch Complex 17B (LC-17B) at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS),[5] and placed USA-96 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37XFP apogee motor.[2]

## Mission

On 25 November 1993, USA-96 was in an orbit with a perigee of 20,104 km (12,492 mi), an apogee of 20,260 km (12,590 mi), a period of 718.00 minutes, and 55.08° of inclination to the equator.[3] It broadcast the PRN 04 signal, and operated in slot 4 of plane D of the GPS constellation.[6] The satellite has a mass of 840 kg (1,850 lb). It had a design life of 7.5 years.[2] It was temporarily removed from the GPS constellation on 2 November 2015.[7] From 20 March 2018 the satellite was operational again, broadcasting the PRN 18 signal, from slot 6 of Plane D,[8] until 9 October 2019, when it was placed in reserve as an on-orbit spare.[9] It was the final Block IIA satellite to be retired on 13 April 2020.[10]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Display: Navstar 2A-14 1993-068A". NASA. 14 May 2020. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1993-068A. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Krebs, Gunter. "GPS-2A (Navstar-2A)". Gunter's Space Page. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/navstar-2a.htm.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Trajectory: Navstar 2A-14 1993-068A". NASA. 14 May 2020. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1993-068A. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
4. ↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Report. http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt.
5. ↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch List". Launch Vehicle Database. Jonathan's Space Report. http://planet4589.org/space/lvdb/list2.html.
6. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Navstar". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/project/navstar.htm.
7. ↑ "Notice Advisory to GPS Users". NAVCEN. http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?Do=gpsShowNanu&num=2015091. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
8. ↑ "Notice Advisory to GPS Users". https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?Do=gpsShowNanu&num=2018015. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
9. ↑ "Notice Advisory to GPS Users". https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?Do=gpsShowNanu&num=2019158. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
10. ↑ "Farewell to a Great Generation: GPS IIA" (in en-US). 2020-04-15. https://insidegnss.com/farewell-to-a-great-generation-gps-iia/.

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* t
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NAVSTAR Global Positioning System satellites

List of GPS satellites

Block I|

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7†
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11

Block II|

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9

Block IIA|

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19

Block IIR|

* 1†
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
* 21

Block IIRM|

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8

Block IIF|

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12

Block III|

* 01
* 02
* 03
* 04
* 05
* 06
* 07
* 08
* 09
* 10

Block IIIF|

* 01
* 02
* 03
* 04
* 05
* 06
* 07
* 08
* 09
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
* 21
* 22

Italics indicate future missions. Signs † indicate launch failures.

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* t
* e

Orbital launches in 1993

Kosmos 2230 | Molniya 1-85 | STS-54 (TDRS-6) | Kosmos 2231 | Soyuz TM-16 | Kosmos 2232 | USA-88 | Kosmos 2233 | SCD-1 * Orbcomm CDS-1 | Kosmos 2234 * Kosmos 2235 * Kosmos 2236 | Asuka | Progress M-16 | Gran' No.42L | EKA-1 | UFO F-1 | Kosmos 2237 | USA-90 * SEDS-1 | Kosmos 2238 | Progress M-17 | Kosmos 2239 | Kosmos 2240 | Kosmos 2241 | STS-56 (SPARTAN 201) | Kosmos 2242 | Molniya-3 No.57 | ALEXIS * Orbcomm CDS-2 | STS-55 | Kosmos 2243 | Kosmos 2244 | Kosmos 2245 * Kosmos 2246 * Kosmos 2247 * Kosmos 2248 * Kosmos 2249 * Kosmos 2250 | Astra 1C * Arsene | USA-91 | Resurs-F2 No.9 | Progress M-18 | Molniya-1T No.81 | Gorizont No.39L | Kosmos 2251 | STS-57 | Kosmos 2252 * Kosmos 2253 * Kosmos 2254 * Kosmos 2255 * Kosmos 2256 * Kosmos 2257 | Galaxy 4 | Resurs-F1 No.57 | Radcal | USA-92 * PMG | Soyuz TM-17 | Kosmos 2258 | Kosmos 2259 | USA-93 | Kosmos 2260 | Hispasat 1B * INSAT-2B | Unnamed * Unnamed * Unnamed * SLDCOM-3 | Molniya-3 No.58 | NOAA-13 | Kosmos 2261 | Progress M-19 | Resurs-F1 No.56 | USA-94 | Meteor-2 No.24 * Temisat | USA-95 | Kosmos 2262 | STS-51 (ACTS * ORFEUS-SPAS) | Kosmos 2263 | Kosmos 2264 | IRS-P1 | SPOT-3 * Stella * KITSAT-2 * Itamsat * Eyesat-1 * PoSAT-1 * Healthsat 2 | Gran' 41L | Landsat 6 | FSW-15 | Progress M-20 | STS-58 | Intelsat 701 | Kosmos 2265 | USA-96 | Gorizont No.40L | Kosmos 2266 | Kosmos 2267 | Gorizont No.41L | Solidaridad 2 * Meteosat 6 | USA-97 | STS-61 | USA-98 | Telstar 401 | DirecTV-1 * Thaicom 1 | Molniya 1-87

Payloads are separated by bullets ( * ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in brackets.

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