Windmill (sailing dinghy)

Short description: Sailboat class

Windmill

Class symbol

Development
Designer| Clark Mills
Location| United States
Year| 1953
No. built| 5700
Builder(s)| Johannsen Boat Works
Lockley Newport Boats
Advance Sailboat Corp.
Boat
Boat weight| 198 lb (90 kg)
Draft| 4.17 ft (1.27 m) with the daggerboard down
Hull
Type| Monohull
Construction| Fiberglass or plywood
LOA| 15.50 ft (4.72 m)
LWL| 14.50 ft (4.42 m)
Beam| 4.75 ft (1.45 m)
Hull appendages
Keel/board type| daggerboard
Rudder(s)| transom-mounted rudder
Rig
Rig type| Bermuda rig
Sails
Sailplan| Fractional rigged sloop Masthead sloop
Mainsail area| 85 sq ft (7.9 m2)
Jib/genoa area| 34 sq ft (3.2 m2)
Spinnaker area| none
Total sail area| 119 sq ft (11.1 m2)
Racing
D-PN| 90.2

[edit on Wikidata]

The Windmill is an United States sailing dinghy that was designed by Clark Mills as a one-design racer and first built in 1953.[1][2][3]

The Windmill hull design was developed into the US1 single-handed catboat in 1974.[4]

## Contents

* 1 Production
* 2 Design
* 3 Operational history
* 4 Events
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Production

Originally intended to be amateur-constructed from four sheets of plywood, the boat was also commercially manufactured from fiberglass. The design was built by Johannsen Boat Works, Lockley Newport Boats and Advance Sailboat Corp. in the United States , but it is now out of production. A total of 5700 examples of the type have been completed.[1][3][5][6][7]

## Design

Windmill on a trailer, showing hull shape

The Windmill is a recreational sailboat, built predominantly of plywood or fiberglass in the form of a double hull with a foam core, resulting in an unsinkable boat. It has a fractional sloop rig with aluminum spars. The boat and is sailed only with a jib and mainsail, no spinnaker and no trapeze. The hull has a rounded plumb stem, a conventional transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a retractable daggerboard. It displaces 198 lb (90 kg),[1][3]

The boat has a draft of 4.17 ft (1.27 m) with the daggerboard extended and 6 in (15 cm) with it retracted, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer or car roof rack.[1]

For sailing the design is equipped with jib and mainsail windows for visibility. It also has an internal 2:1 mechanical advantage outhaul, a 4:1 boom vang controlled by the boat's skipper and a 4:1 Cunningham. The boat has adjustable jib fairleads and a mainsheet traveler, plus an Elvstrom bailer.[3]

The design has a Portsmouth Yardstick racing average handicap of 90.2 and is normally raced with a crew of two sailors.[3]

## Operational history

In a 1994 review Richard Sherwood wrote, "the Windmill is a high-performance sloop that can be built from plans or from a kit, or purchased complete. She is very light and planes quickly. Class rules are strict, and neither spinnakers nor trapezes are allowed. With a double hull and closed-cell foam, the boat is unsinkable. This type of construction also results in a very rigid boat."[3]

The boat is supported by an active class club, the Windmill Class Association.[8]

Windmill racing by a mark

## Events

Championships  Year  | Event Type  | Location | Winner  | Source

|
|
|
|

1953  | Championship  | Alachua Sailing Club, Florida  | Francis Seavy & Unknown  | [9]
1954  | Championship  | Lake Ivanhoe, Florida  | Charles Morgan & Unknown  | [9]
1962  | National Championship  | Davis Island Yacht Club  | All Unknown  | [10]
1962  | International Championship  | Sarasota Sailing Squadron, Florida  | David Posey & Unknown  | [10]
1963  | National Championship  | Bellport Bay Yacht Club, New York  | All Unknown  | [11]
1964  | National Championship  | Bellport Bay Yacht Club, New York  | All Unknown  | [11]
1966  | National Championship  | Reno, Nevada  | All Unknown  | [11]
1966  | International Championship  | St. Petersburg Yacht Club, Florida  | All Unknown  | [11]
1967  | National Championship  | Unknown  | Paul Gernhardt & Unknown  | [12]
1967  | International Championship  | West River Sailing Club, Maryland  | John Bear & Ed Bear  | [12]
1968  | National Championship  | Red Bank, New Jersey  | Pat Hamilton & Augie Diaz  | [13]
1969  | National Championship  | Lake Arlington, Texas  | John Bear & Unknown  | [14]
1969  | International Championship  | Fishing Bay Yacht Club, Virginia  | Ed Laviano & Unknown  | [14]
1970  | National Championship  | Navy Sailing Squadron, Maryland  | Dick Schmidt & Judy Schmidt  | [15]
1970  | International Championship  | Southern Yacht Club, Louisiana  | John Dane III & Unknown  | [15]
1971  | National Championship  | Houston Yacht Club, Texas  | All Unknown  | [16]
1971  | International Championship  | Bellport Bay Yacht Club, New York  | Pat Hamilton & Nora Hamilton  | [17]
1972  | National Championship  | Tampa Sailing Squadron, Florida  | Denis Fontaine & Unknown  | [18]
1973  | National Championship  | Old Point Comfort Yacht Club, Virginia  | Denis Fontaine & Unknown  | [19]
1974  | National Championship  | Association Island, New York  | Denis Fontaine & Unknown  | [20]
1974  | International Championship  | Houston Yacht Club, Texas  | Denis Fontaine & Unknown  | [20]
1975  | National Championship  | Lake Fort Gibson, Oklahoma  | Peter Fontaine & Keith Bradley  | [21]
1976  | International Championship  | Lake Gaston, North Carolina  | Denis Fontaine & Greg Fontaine  | [22]
1977  | Unknown  | Pensacola Yacht Club, Florida  | Denis Fontaine & Bill Whitehurst  | [23]
1978  | Unknown  | Kenlake Sailing Club, Kentucky  | Sam Andras & Joan Andras  | [24]
1979  | National Championship  | Christchurch School, Virginia  | Bob Rowland & Sandy Rowland  | [25]
1980  | International Championship  | Saratoga Lake Sailing Club, New York  | Dave Ellis & Susie Ellis  | [26]
1981  | National Championship  | St. Andrews Bay Yacht Club, Florida  | Alex Krumdieck & Richard Krumdieck  | [27]
1982  | National Championship  | Lake Fort Gibson, Oklahoma  | Terry Wood & Betty Wood  | [28]
1984  | National Championship  | Lake Livingston, Texas  | Craig Tovell & Craig Plottner  | [29]
1985  | National Championship  | Concord Yacht Club, Tennessee  | Dave Ellis & Brandon Ellis  | [30]
1987  | National Championship  | Ware River Yacht Club, Virginia  | Mark Swanson & Emmie Swanson  | [31]
1988  | National Championship  | Bay Point Yacht Club, Ohio  | John Ingalls & Maura Ingalls  | [32]
1989  | National Championship  | Oriental Sailing Association, North Carolina  | John Ingalls & Mike Mullahey  | [33]
1990  | National Championship  | Bristol Yacht Club, Rhode Island  | Craig Tovell & Mike Graber  | [34]
1991  | National Championship  | St. Mary's College, Maryland  | Mark Swanson & Emmie Swanson  | [35]
1992  | National Championship  | Lake Monroe Sailing Club, Indiana  | Terry Wood & Betty Wood  | [36]
1993  | National Championship  | Percy Priest Yacht Club, Tennessee  | Terry Wood & Betty Wood  | [37]
1994  | National Championship  | Oriental Sailing Association, North Carolina  | John Danneburger & Anne Danneburger  | [38]
1995  | National Championship  | St. Andrews Bay Yacht Club, Florida  | Terry Wood & Betty Wood  | [39]
1996  | National Championship  | Castine, Maine  | Richard Fontana & Diane Ahmann  | [40]
1997  | National Championship  | Edenton Bay Yacht Club, North Carolina  | Terry Wood & Betty Wood  | [41]
1998  | National Championship  | Coconut Grove Sailing Club, Florida  | Terry Wood & Betty Wood  | [42]
1999  | National Championship  | Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland  | Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby  | [43]
2000  | National Championship  | Ohio  | Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby  | [44]
2001  | National Championship  | Edenton Bay Yacht Club, North Carolina  | Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby  | [45]
2002  | National Championship  | Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland  | Ken Deyett & Geoff Gibby AND Terry Wood & Betty Wood*  | [46]
2003  | National Championship  | Bristol Yacht Club, Rhode Island  | Richard Fontana & Ed Fontana  | [47]
2004  | National Championship  | James Island Yacht Club, South Carolina  | Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby  | [48]
2005  | National Championship  | Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland  | Dave Ellis & M. Ruchrmund  | [49]
2006  | National Championship  | Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland  | Dave Ellis & Lars Arnesen  | [50]
2007  | National Championship  | Edenton Yacht Club, North Carolina | Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby  | [51]
2008  | National Championship  | Lake Winnipesaukee Yacht Club, New Hampshire  | Ethan Bixby & Amy Drinker  | [52]
2009  | National Championship  | Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland  | Arthur Anosov & Danila Florianovich  | [53]
2010  | National Championship  | Lake Lanier Sailing Club, Georgia  | John Jennings & Julie Valdez  | [54]
2011  | National Championship  | Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland  | Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby  | [55]
2012  | National Championship  | Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland  | Lin Robson & Erin McKie  | [56]
2013  | National Championship  | Fishing Bay Yacht Club, Virginia  | Craig Tovell & Brendan Demler  | [57]
2014  | National Championship  | Hoover Sailing Club, Ohio  | Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby  | [58]
2015  | National Championship  | Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland  | Ralph Sponar III & Matthew Sponar  | [59]
2016  | National Championship  | River Dunes Harbor Club & Marina, North Carolina  | Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby  | [60]
2017  | National Championship  | Erie Yacht Club, Pennsylvania  | Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby  | [61]
2018  | National Championship  | Rock Hall Yacht Club, Maryland  | Ethan Bixby & Trudy Bixby  | [62]
2019  | International Championship  | Fishing Bay Yacht Club, Virginia  | Arthur Anosov & Maxim Anosov  | [63]
2020  | National Championship  | Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic  |  | [64]

*Note: In 2002, there was an incorrect initial scoring by the race committee, leading them to declare co-champions

## See also

* List of sailing boat types

Related development

* US1

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 McArthur, Bruce (2020). "Windmill sailboat". sailboatdata.com. https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/windmill.
2. ↑ McArthur, Bruce (2020). "Clark Mills 1915-2001". sailboatdata.com. https://sailboatdata.com/designer/mills-clark.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Sherwood, Richard M.: A Field Guide to Sailboats of North America, Second Edition, pages 58-59. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1994. ISBN 0-395-65239-1
4. ↑ McArthur, Bruce (2020). "US1 sailboat". sailboatdata.com. https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/us1.
5. ↑ McArthur, Bruce (2020). "Johannsen Boat Works". sailboatdata.com. https://sailboatdata.com/builder/johannsen-boat-works.
6. ↑ McArthur, Bruce (2020). "Lockley Newport Boats (USA) 1964 - 1988". sailboatdata.com. https://sailboatdata.com/builder/lockley-newport-boats-usa.
7. ↑ McArthur, Bruce (2020). "Advance Sailboat Corp. 1960-1980". sailboatdata.com. https://sailboatdata.com/builder/advance-sailboat-corp-usa.
8. ↑ McArthur, Bruce (2020). "Windmill Class". sailboatdata.com. https://sailboatdata.com/association/windmill-class.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "WCA News: August 1965". WCA News.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Windmill Newsletter: July 1962". Windmill Newsletter.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 "WCA News: December 1970/January 1971". WCA News.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "WCA News: October 1967". WCA News.
13. ↑ "WCA News: October 1968". WCA News.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "WCA News: October 1969". WCA News.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "WCA News: October/November 1970". WCA News.
16. ↑ "WCA News: Dec 1970/Jan 1971". WCA News.
17. ↑ "WCA News: January 1972". WCA News.
18. ↑ "WCA News: October/November 1972". WCA News.
19. ↑ "WCA News: August/September 1973". WCA News.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Windmill News: August/September 1974". Windmill News.
21. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1975". Windmill News.
22. ↑ "Windmill News: August-September 1976". Windmill News.
23. ↑ "Windmill News: August-September 1977". Windmill News.
24. ↑ "Windmill News: October-November 1978". Windmill News.
25. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1979". Windmill News.
26. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1980". Windmill News.
27. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1981". Windmill News.
28. ↑ "Yacht Racing/Cruising September 1982". Yacht Racing/Cruising.
29. ↑ "Windmill News: June/July 1984". Windmill News.
30. ↑ "Windmill News: June/July 1985". Windmill News.
31. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1987". Windmill News.
32. ↑ "Windmill News: June/July 1988". Windmill News.
33. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1989". Windmill News.
34. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1990". Windmill News.
35. ↑ "Windmill News: October/November 1991". Windmill News.
36. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1992". Windmill News.
37. ↑ "Windmill News: August/September 1993". Windmill News.
38. ↑ "The Windmill News: July/August 1994". The Windmill News.
39. ↑ "The Jouster: September/December 1995". The Jouster.
40. ↑ "The Jouster: September/October 1996". The Jouster.
41. ↑ "The Jouster: July/August 1997". The Jouster.
42. ↑ "The Jouster: July/August 1998". The Jouster.
43. ↑ "The Jouster: July/August 1999". The Jouster.
44. ↑ "The Jouster: July/August 2000". The Jouster.
45. ↑ "The Jouster: July/August/September 2001". The Jouster.
46. ↑ "The Jouster: August/September/October 2002". The Jouster.
47. ↑ "The Jouster: September-October-November 2003". The Jouster.
48. ↑ "The Jouster: August 2004". The Jouster.
49. ↑ "The Jouster: August 2005". The Jouster.
50. ↑ "The Jouster: July 2006". The Jouster.
51. ↑ "2007 Nationals @ Edenton Yacht Club (2007) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/1#Result.
52. ↑ "2008 WCA National Championship @ Lake Winnipesaukee, Gilford, NH (2008) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/11#Result.
53. ↑ "2009 Windmill National Championship @ Rock Hall YC, Maryland (2009) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/28#Result.
54. ↑ "2010 Windmill National Championship @ Lake Lanier Sailing Club, GA (2010) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/77#Result.
55. ↑ "2011 Windmill Nationals @ Rock Hall YC, Maryland (2011) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/80#Result.
56. ↑ "2012 Windmill Class National Championships @ Rock Hall YC, Maryland (2012) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/122#Result.
57. ↑ "2013 Windmill Class National Championships @ Fishing Bay Yacht Club, Deltaville,Va (2013) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/120#Result.
58. ↑ "2014 Windmill National Championship Regatta @ Hoover Sailing Club, Westerville, OH (2014) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/171#Result.
59. ↑ "Windmill National Championship Regatta @ Rock Hall YC, Maryland (2015) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/194#Result.
60. ↑ "2016 Windmill Nationals @ River Dunes, NC (2016) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/218#Result.
61. ↑ "2017 Windmill National Championship Regatta @ Erie Yacht Club, Pa (2017) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/239#Result.
62. ↑ "2018 Windmill National Championship Regatta @ Rock Hall YC, Maryland (2018) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/259#Result.
63. ↑ "2019 International Windmill Championship Regatta @ Fishing Bay Yacht Club, Deltaville,Va (2019) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/286#Result.
64. ↑ "2020 Windmill National Championship Regatta (CANCELLED) @ Presque Isle Bay, Erie Yacht Club, PA (2020) - Windmill Class Association". http://windmillclass.com/schedule/298.

## External links

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