Yenisei (rocket)

Short description: Russian superheavy launch space rocket

YeniseiFunction| Orbital Launch Vehicle

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Manufacturer| RSC Energia
Country of origin| Russia
Project cost| 1.5 trln Roubles (USD ~$18.2 billion)
Size
Diameter| 4.1 m
Mass| 3167 tons
Stages| 2 (Don - 3)
Capacity
Payload to low Earth orbit| 103–140 metric tons (101–138 long tons)
Associated rockets
Comparable|

* Falcon Heavy
* Long March 9
* Space Launch System
* SpaceX Starship

Launch history
Status| Development Postponed.

Yenisei (Russian: Енисей), project name RN STK-1 (Raketa-Nositel' SverkhTyazhologo Klassa - Carrier rocket super-heavy class), was the first super-heavy launch vehicle being developed by the Russian space industry since the fall of the USSR. The main developer is RSC Energia.

It is being developed within the framework of the federal target program "Creation of a super-heavy class space rocket complex for 2020–2030"[1] and the program cost is estimated at 1.5 trillion roubles (USD ~$18.2 billion). It is the main rocket of the Russian Lunar program.

The final design for the rocket was expected to be complete by autumn 2021,[2] but the program appears to have been paused or stopped just before this expected completion date.

The first launch is expected to happen in 2028 from the Vostochny cosmodrome.[3]

Based on the Yenisei launch vehicle, the Don launch vehicle (RN STK-2) is being developed by adding another stage.[4]

For the time being, Yenisei development has paused.[5]

## Contents

* 1 Development
* 1.1 Chronology of development.
* 2 Planned events
* 3 Design
* 3.1 Proposed variants
* 4 Flight tests
* 5 Applications
* 5.1 Lunar program payloads
* 5.2 Satellite constellation
* 6 See also
* 7 References

## Development

The rocket got its name at the end of 2018, before that it was called "RN STK" (super-heavy launch vehicle).

### Chronology of development.

Event  | Date

|

Start of work on the creation of the RD-171MV engine  | June 2017
Start of research work on RD-0150 engine  | June 2017
Preliminary estimate of the cost of R&D on the RN STK  | October 2017
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the creation of the RN STK  | January 2018
Official name for RN STK  | January 2019
Feasibility study of the RN STK project  | Spring 2019
Draft design  | 2018–2019
R&D, design, and construction works  | 2020–2028
Flight tests  | from 2028

## Planned events

* October 2021 - end of technical design.[2][needs update]
* 2026–2028 - construction and commissioning of infrastructure for a super-heavy launch vehicle and a medium-class rocket for launching crewed spacecraft from the Vostochny cosmodrome.[6]

## Design

The first stage will consist of 6 blocks, each block will be based on the first stage of the planned Irtysh / Soyuz-5 rocket with an RD-171MV engine.[7]

The second stage will consist of one block - matching the first stage of Soyuz-6 - with RD-180 as engine.[7]

The upper stage will be KVTK[7]

Accelerating braking unit:[clarification needed] Block DM[7]

### Proposed variants

Name of a rocket  | Yenisei[8][7][9][10] | Don[8][10]

|
|

Type  | Stage one  | Stage two
First launch  | 2028  | 2032–2035
First stage  | 6xRD-171MV  | 6xRD-171MV
Second stage  | RD-180  | RD-180
Third stage  | \-  | 2×RD-0150
Upper stage  | KVTK, 2×RD-0146  | KVTK, 2×RD-0146
Accelerating braking unit  | DM, 11D58MF  | DM, 11D58MF
Height (max.)  |  |
Launch weight, t  | 3167  | 3281
Thrust (at ground level)  |  |
Thrust-to-weight ratio  |  |
Payload (LEO 200 km), t  | 103  | 140
Payload (GTO 5500 km), t  |  |
Payload (GEO 35,786 km), t  | 26  | 29.5
Payload to TLI | 27  | 33

## Flight tests

Flight tests of a super-heavy launch vehicle will take place in two stages from 2028 to 2035.[11]

The first stage of testing will take place in 2028–2032. It involves the launch of a crewed spacecraft, a lunar take-off and landing complex (LVPK) and other payloads on the trajectory of the flight around the Moon and circumlunar orbits in order to work out the elements of a crewed complex, create a station in the orbit of the Moon, and land on the lunar surface.

The second stage of testing will take place in 2032–2035. It is planned to launch LVPK and other uncrewed payloads for the construction and operation of a base on the lunar surface. In addition, this stage involves participation in international programs related to the study of Mars.

## Applications

The super-heavy rocket is supposed to be used in the Russian lunar program, since the carrying capacity of the Angara-A5V launch vehicle (37.5 tons to LEO) is insufficient for these purposes.

### Lunar program payloads

* 20-ton Orel spacecraft.
* 27-ton lunar landing and takeoff complex (LPVK).
* 32-ton lunar base module.

### Satellite constellation

* Spacecraft up to 30 tons to geostationary orbit
* Space telescopes 30–40 tons to the L2 Lagrange point in the Sun-Earth system

## See also

* Space Launch System
* Falcon Heavy
* Starship
* Long March 9

## References

1. ↑ "Russia has developed the concept of the Federal Target Program for the creation of a super-heavy rocket (in Russian)". Ria Novosti. 28 May 2019. https://ria.ru/20190528/1554981882.html.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "The design of the Russian super-heavy rocket will be completed in 2021 (In Russian)". Izvestia. 23 August 2020. https://iz.ru/1051680/2020-08-23/proektirovanie-rossiiskoi-sverkhtiazheloi-rakety-zavershitsia-v-2021-godu.
3. ↑ "Roskosmos has named the timing of the launch of a super-heavy rocket (in Russian)". Ria Novosti. 17 July 2018. https://ria.ru/20180717/1524747487.html.
4. ↑ "Possible dates for the launch of the Don super-heavy rocket have been named (in Russian)". Ria Novosti. 14 February 2019. https://ria.ru/20190214/1550826415.html.
5. ↑ "Better late than never: why the development of the Yenisei launch vehicle was stopped". 17 September 2021. https://en.newizv.ru/news/tech/17-09-2021/better-late-than-never-why-the-development-of-the-yenisei-launch-vehicle-was-stopped.
6. ↑ "Russian super-heavy rocket will be able to launch at least 70 tons of cargo into orbit (In Russian)". TASS. 14 July 2017. https://tass.ru/kosmos/4436746.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 "New generation locomotives (in Russian)". Russkiy Kosmos 15: 34–39. 2020. https://www.roscosmos.ru/28645/.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Roscosmos unveils characteristics of super-heavy rockets for flights to the Moon (In Russian)". Ria Novosti. 24 April 2019. https://ria.ru/20190424/1553021395.html.
9. ↑ "The Yenisei super-heavy rocket". http://russianspaceweb.com/superheavy.html.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Transformation of Roscosmos". Russki Kosmos 7: 2–7. July 2019. https://www.roscosmos.ru/28637/.
11. ↑ "RSC Energia: flight tests of the Soyuz-5 rocket will take place from 2022 to 2025 (In Russian)". TASS. 3 July 2018. https://tass.ru/kosmos/5342820.

* v
* t
* e

Soviet, Russian, and Ukrainian launch vehicles

Active|

* Angara
* A5
* Soyuz-2
* 2.1a
* 2.1b
* 2-1v
* UR
* Proton-M
* Zenit
* 3SL
* 3SLB
* 3F

In development|

* Angara 1.2
* Cyclone-4M
* Irtysh
* Proton
* Light
* Medium
* Soyuz-7

Retired|

* Dnepr
* Energia
* Kosmos
* 1
* 2I
* 3
* 3M
* N1
* R-7
* Luna
* Molniya
* M
* L
* Polyot
* Soyuz
* original
* L
* M
* U
* U2
* FG
* Soyuz/Vostok
* Sputnik
* Voskhod
* Vostok
* L
* K
* 2
* 2M
* R-29
* Shtil'
* Volna
* Start-1
* Tsyklon
* 2
* 3
* 4
* UR
* UR-500
* Proton-K
* Rokot
* Strela
* Zenit
* 2
* 2M

* v
* t
* e

Orbital launch systems

* List of orbital launch systems
* Comparison of orbital launch systems

Current|

* Angara
* A5
* Antares 230+
* Ariane 5
* Atlas V
* Delta IV Heavy
* Electron
* Epsilon
* Falcon 9 Block 5
* Falcon Heavy
* GSLV
* Mk II
* Mk III
* H-IIA
* H-IIB
* Hyperbola-1
* Jielong 1
* Kuaizhou
* 1
* 1A
* Kaituozhe 2
* Long March
* 2C
* 2D
* 2F
* 3A
* 3B/E
* 3C
* 4B
* 4C
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 11
* Minotaur
* I
* IV
* V
* C
* OS-M1
* Pegasus XL
* Proton-M
* PSLV
* Safir
* Shavit
* Simorgh
* Soyuz-2
* 2.1a / STA
* 2.1b / STB
* 2-1v
* Unha
* Vega
* Zenit
* 3SL
* 3SLB
* 3F
* Zhuque-1

In development|

* Angara 1.2
* Ariane 6
* Bloostar
* Cyclone-4M
* Eris
* Firefly Alpha
* Beta
* H3
* Hyperbola-2
* Irtysh
* Kuaizhou
* 11
* 21
* 31
* LauncherOne
* Long March
* 8
* 9
* Miura 5
* New Glenn
* New Line 1
* Nuri
* OmegA
* OS-M2
* OS-M4
* Orbex Prime
* SLS
* Soyuz-7
* SSLV
* Starship
* Terran 1
* Vega C
* Vega E
* Vulcan
* Zero
* Zhuque-2

Retired|

* Antares 110/120/130/230
* Ariane
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* ASLV
* Athena
* I
* II
* Atlas
* B
* D
* E/F
* G
* H
* I
* II
* III
* LV-3B
* SLV-3
* Able
* Agena
* Centaur
* Black Arrow
* Conestoga
* Delta
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* G
* J
* L
* M
* N
* 0100
* 1000
* 2000
* 3000
* 4000
* 5000
* II
* III
* IV
* Diamant
* Dnepr
* Energia
* Europa
* Falcon 1
* Falcon 9
* v1.0
* v1.1
* v1.2 "Full Thrust"
* Feng Bao 1
* GSLV
* Mk I
* H-I
* H-II
* Juno I
* Juno II
* Kaituozhe-1
* Kosmos
* 1
* 2I
* 3
* 3M
* Lambda 4S
* Long March
* 1
* 1D†
* 2A
* 2E
* 3
* 3B
* 4A
* Mu
* 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII
* V
* N1†
* N-I
* N-II
* Naro-1
* Paektusan
* Pilot†
* R-7
* Luna
* Molniya
* M
* L
* Polyot
* Soyuz
* original
* FG
* L
* M
* U
* U2
* Soyuz/Vostok
* Sputnik
* Voskhod
* Vostok
* L
* K
* 2
* 2M
* R-29
* Shtil'
* Volna
* Saturn
* I
* IB
* V
* Scout
* SLV
* Space Shuttle
* SPARK†
* Sparta
* SS-520
* Start-1
* Thor
* Able
* Ablestar
* Agena
* Burner
* Delta
* DSV-2U
* Thorad-Agena
* Titan
* II GLV
* IIIA
* IIIB
* IIIC
* IIID
* IIIE
* 34D
* 23G
* CT-3
* IV
* Tsyklon
* 2
* 3
* 4
* UR (Proton)
* UR-500 (Proton)
* Proton-K
* Rokot
* Strela
* Vanguard
* VLS-1†
* Zenit
* 2
* 2M

Classes|

* Sounding rocket
* Small-lift launch vehicle
* Medium-lift launch vehicle
* Heavy-lift launch vehicle
* Super heavy-lift launch vehicle

* Symbol † indicates projects terminated before a successful orbital launch

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