Fiber to the premises by country

Short description: Wikimedia list

This article lists the deployment of fiber to the premises, fiber to the home and fiber to the building by country.

## Contents

* 1 Africa
* 1.1 Kenya
* 1.2 Mauritius
* 1.3 South Africa
* 1.4 Tanzania
* 1.5 Zimbabwe
* 2 Asia
* 2.1 Brunei
* 2.2 China
* 2.3 Hong Kong
* 2.4 India
* 2.5 Indonesia
* 2.6 Japan
* 2.7 Malaysia
* 2.8 Nepal
* 2.9 Pakistan
* 2.10 Philippines
* 2.11 Singapore
* 2.12 South Korea
* 2.13 Sri Lanka
* 2.14 Taiwan
* 2.15 Thailand
* 2.16 Uzbekistan
* 3 Europe
* 3.1 Andorra
* 3.2 Belgium
* 3.3 Bulgaria
* 3.4 Croatia
* 3.5 Cyprus
* 3.6 Czech Republic
* 3.7 Denmark
* 3.8 Estonia
* 3.9 Finland
* 3.10 France
* 3.11 Georgia
* 3.12 Greece
* 3.13 Hungary
* 3.14 Iceland
* 3.15 Ireland
* 3.16 Italy
* 3.17 Latvia
* 3.18 Lithuania
* 3.19 Malta
* 3.20 North Macedonia
* 3.21 Moldova
* 3.22 Montenegro
* 3.23 Netherlands
* 3.24 Norway
* 3.25 Poland
* 3.26 Portugal
* 3.27 Romania
* 3.28 Russia
* 3.29 Serbia
* 3.30 Slovakia
* 3.31 Kosovo
* 3.32 Slovenia
* 3.33 Spain
* 3.34 Sweden
* 3.35 Switzerland
* 3.36 Turkey
* 3.37 Ukraine
* 3.38 United Kingdom (and dependencies)
* 3.38.1 United Kingdom
* 3.38.2 Jersey
* 4 Middle East
* 4.1 Israel
* 4.2 Jordan
* 4.3 Kuwait
* 4.4 Lebanon
* 4.5 Qatar
* 4.6 Saudi Arabia
* 4.7 United Arab Emirates
* 5 North America
* 5.1 Canada
* 5.2 Costa Rica
* 5.3 Dominican Republic
* 5.4 Mexico
* 5.5 United States
* 6 South America
* 6.1 Argentina
* 6.2 Brazil
* 6.3 Chile
* 6.4 Colombia
* 6.5 Ecuador
* 6.6 Panama
* 6.7 Peru
* 6.8 Uruguay
* 7 Oceania
* 7.1 Australia
* 7.2 Marshall Islands
* 7.3 Miconesia
* 7.4 New Zealand
* 8 See also
* 9 References

## Africa

### Kenya

In Kenya, the home entertainment and communication services provider, Zuku, offers fiber-based Triple-Play bundle (Broadband Internet, TV and phone) packages at speeds of 30, 50, 100 and 250 Mbit/s[1] in most areas of Nairobi and Mombasa.[2]

Another fiber service is Faiba provided by Jamii Telecommunications Ltd.(JTL).[3] They offer packages at speeds of 30, 50, 75 and 125 Mbit/s for residential customers[4] and 15, 25, 40, 60, 75 and 100 Mbit/s for businesses.[5]

34 out of the 47 counties of Kenya have been connected to the National Optical Fibre Backbone Infrastructure (NOFBI).[6][7][8]

### Mauritius

As of September 2017, in terms of FTTH/B penetration, Mauritius was ranked 8th in the global ranking worldwide.[9] In Mauritius, the two ISPs that are currently providing FTTH are My.T and Bharat Telecom[10] with download speed of 10, 20, 50 and 100 Mbit/s.[11]

### South Africa

In South Africa's towns and cities a number of fibre network operators offer FTTH with speeds of up to 1 Gbit/s download and 1 Gbit/s upload. Major operators include Frogfoot, MetroFibre, Octotel, Openserve (Telkom), and Vumatel. As of 2020[update] there are over 1.6 million active fibre connections.[12]

### Tanzania

In Tanzania, Spark is the first ISP to offer FTTH to home users in the city of Dar es Salaam, their packages offer speeds of 2, 4 and 10 Mbit/s.[13]

Zuku offers 10, 20, 40 and 100 Mbit/s. But coverage is limited as of May 2019.

### Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe operator TelOne is rolling out FTTH.[14]

## Asia

### Brunei

Telekom Brunei Berhad, the incumbent telecommunications operator in Brunei, commenced construction of a FTTH network in 2010 to replace their copper infrastructure, contracting with Huawei for construction. It will offer initial speeds up to 150 Mbit/s.[15]

### China

80% of China's broadband connection are by Fiber by the end of 2016 making China the world leader in FTTP.[16] By 2019; this figure reached 91%, some 396 million premises, per CNNIC 2019, p. 11.[17]

During APOC 2003 (Asia-Pacific Optical and Wireless Communications) held in Wuhan, Chinese telecom experts discussed FTTH in China .

### Hong Kong

As of April 2006, Hong Kong Broadband Network (HKBN, Chinese: 香港寬頻網絡有限公司), wholly owned subsidiary of City Telecom (H.K.) Limited, was offering its customers Internet access via fiber to the building and FTTH.

### India

Fiber service is available from several providers:[citation needed]

Railwire, a subsidiary of Railtel owned by the Indian railways (government) is providing FTTH services in India.

India's first FTTH network was launched in December 2008 by New Delhi based Radius Infratel Private Limited. TTN Broadband First company to provide FTTH at Bangalore in 2010, Having 10000 and plus customers since 2014.

Beam Fiber or ACT Fibernet supplies FTTX services across the city of Hyderabad[18] with plans ranging from 1 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s as of April 2017.

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), a state-owned telecommunications company, launched an FTTH service in Jaipur in late 2010.

Airtel[19] offers FTTH in a many areas of Delhi NCR] and all major metro cities.].[when?] Nextra Teleservices offers FTTH in certain areas of [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi NCR including Noida and Gurgaon.[when?]

An FTTH-based network project was commissioned at INS Shivaji, Lonavla on 29 Jul 2013. The network covers over 400 acres providing integrated multimedia services.

FTTH services were launched in Chennai in the year May 2013 by OODOO communications[20]

FTTH services were launched in Indore in 2015.[citation needed].

Spectra provides FTTH for 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s in many cities like Gurgaon, Bangalore, Chennai, Mumbai, Pune etc.[21]

APSFL (Andhra Pradesh State Fibernet limited, 100% owned by Government of AP) is complete FTTH GPON Based service offering triple play services starting at ₹149. It boasts more than 0.5 million subscribers as of December 2018 and offers speeds up to 100 Mbit/s with datacaps.[22]

Reliance Industries Limited venture called Reliance Jio is to launch an FTTH service of up to speeds of 1 Gbit/s in the top 100 cities of India.[23][24]

### Indonesia

Telkom Indonesia Develop Fiber Internet IndiHome a Triple Play services which consists of Fiber Internet or High Speed Internet (Fast Internet), Interactive TV (UseeTV) and Phone (Home Phone). For most parts of Indonesia, IndiHome will be served by using 100% Fiber, FTTH network uses Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) based networking technology.

Biznet Networks deployed FTTH service in Indonesia, the first in Southeast Asia. Biznet Metro's FTTH network uses Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON) based networking technology. Supported by Nokia Siemens, the network is capable of delivering Triple Play services that consist of data (Internet or intranet), voice (VoIP), and video (interactive TV and multimedia) in a single infrastructure. This network is capable of supporting up to 1 Gbyte/s data transfer.

First Media, a company born from Lippo group's new $650 million investment in Internet in Indonesia, as well as cable television, began offering FTTH (using coaxial cable, not Optical fiber), branded as FastNet, on 8 September.[year needed][citation needed]

### Japan

FTTH was introduced in 1999 and substantial growth began in 2001. In 2003–2004, FTTH accelerated, while DSL stagnated. DSL peaked in March 2006. 10.5 million FTTH connections were reported in September 2007.[25] On 17 September 2008, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications reported that FTTH connections (13.08 million connections) eclipsed DSL (12.29 million connections and declining) and became the most popular method of broadband connection at 45% of the total.[26]

FTTH started with a 10 Mbit/s (end-user rate) passive optical network (PON) by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) and 100 Mbit/s (end-user rate) with GEPON (Gigabit Ethernet-PON) or broadband PON in 2006. PON is NTT's major FTTH system but some competitive services offer 1 Gbit/s (at end-user rate) with SS (Single Star).

Major application services on fiber include voice over IP, video-IP telephony, IPTV (IP television), and general Internet access services.

As of April 2013, Sony ISP, known as So-Net, released a new fibre service to Tokyo for small businesses and homes and also made it available to six surrounding prefectures. It offered speeds of 2 Gbit/s Download and 1 Gbit/s Upload, which was until December 2014 the world's fastest home internet connection, since bettered by a Minneapolis, Minnesota service.[citation needed]

### Malaysia

Malaysian first FTTH service was offered to public in December 2003 by Setia Haruman Sdn Berhad in Cyberjaya. The technology was provided by Accessgate AB with collaboration with PacketFront AB, both from Sweden.[27]

Telekom Malaysia (TM) officially launched FTTH on 24 March 2010. TM High Speed Broadband (HSBB) was released to end users in stages. The deployment from start to the connection of the first end user to the fiber network took only 18 months, which is the fastest ever in the world. The product name is Unifi and it initially offers speeds of 5, 10 and 20 Mbit/s under the VIP5, VIP10 and VIP20 brand name.[28] The packages were later revised to UniFi Advance (30 and 50 Mbit/s) and UniFi Pro (100 Mbit/s).[29] The fiber network is also leased out to competitors Maxis Communications and Packet One Networks. Maxis Communications offers speed of 10, 20 and 30 Mbit/s under the Maxis Home Broadband brand,[30] while Packet One Networks offers speeds identical to that of UniFi, but with a WiMAX USB modem and mobile bundled under the Fiber by P1 brand.[31] The network also carries two IPTV providers, HyppTV and Astro IPTV. The former is only available bundled with UniFi while the latter is only available bundled with Maxis Broadband.

TIME Fibre Broadband which is Officially launched on 2 February 2010 is a true fibre optic connectivity to home with speeds of 100 Mbit/s, 300 Mbit/s, 500 Mbit/s. Time offer the FTTx services to the apartment Condominium residential only.

Freshtel Internet another rising star, established on December 2015, gained wide population in Klang Valley from high rise building by offering non-contract binding plan and the best value home fibre from 30 Mbit/s to 500 Mbit/s. Freshtel Internet is not only limited their coverage in high rise building, there were multiple landed property area are covered by the service provider.

### Nepal

Currently has three major telecom operators in Nepal: Nepal Telecom, Ncell, and SmartCell. Mobile Broadband subscribers: 49.65 (May 2019) Share of World Internet Users: (August 2019) Internet users: 18,685,873 (Mar 2019)

### Pakistan

FTTH services entered Pakistan in July 2002 by NayaTel. Currently, FTTH services by Nayatel covers most parts of the twin cities Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Nayatel launched its operations in Faisalabad in November 2016.[32] The FTTH plans by Nayatel range from 3 Mbit/s to 10 Mbit/s.[33] Nayatel also provides PSTN and IPTV.

PTCL started offering FTTH services in Karachi and have expanded to Lahore and Islamabad/Rawalpindi.[34] The FTTH plans range from 8 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s.[35]

In 2015, FiberLink started offering its GPON services to the public. It is currently only available in Karachi and Lahore. Its plans range from 10 Mbit/s, up to 200 Mbit/s.[36]

StormFiber, a subsidiary of CyberNet, also offers FTTH services to customers in Karachi and Lahore. StormFiber provides TriplePlay Services which include high speed Fiber Broadband, IPTV and PSTN. Their plans range from 2 Mbit/s to 30 Mbit/s.[37]

Wateen, previously known for its WiMax network in Pakistan, has stopped offering WiMax and shifted its focus to its fiber network, under the name WiFibre. They offer HFC/GPON services in areas of Karachi, Lahore and Multan.[38]

Optix, which is powered by Multinet, has recently started its operations for FTTH in Karachi and Lahore. It offers TriplePlay plans with Phone service, TV and Internet, with speeds of 5 Mbit/s, 10 Mbit/s and 20 Mbit/s.[39]

Transworld Associates, commonly referred to as TWA owns a submarine communications cable linking Pakistan to the Middle East. In 2015, it started offering its own FTTH services to residents of DHA Phase 5 and 6 in Karachi. It offers only one plan of 30 Mbit/s, which can be taken as a standalone internet-only plan or with a combination of their Digital TV service.[40]

BrainNET is one of the oldest Internet Service Providers of Pakistan, which has recently upgraded its network infrastructure in Lahore to offer Fiber Broadband, it has plans ranging from 3 Mbit/s to 30 Mbit/s, it also offers phone services along with the internet plan. Currently they are only operating in Lahore and Multan.[41]

### Philippines

FTTH services are offered by the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT), Converge ICT Solutions, Sky Cable (via Sky Fiber), Globe Telecom, Wireless Link Technologies, Inc, the upcoming Dito Telecommunity and Eastern Telecom.

As early as 2011, PLDT began offering fiber optic internet in select areas. Initial tests done by PLDT showed download speeds of up to 94.86 Mbit/s and upload rates of 69.39 Mbit/s. Pilot areas for PLDT's service included Bonifacio Global City in Taguig, Forbes Park, Urdaneta Village, Dasmariñas Village in Makati, Ayala Heights in Quezon City, Wack Wack in San Juan, Valle Verde in Mandaluyong and certain areas covered by PLDT in Subic and Clark freeports.[42]

As of 2015, the maximum plan for their connection is now at 1 Gbit/s, while plans for lower speeds are scheduled for upgrades in the near future. As of 2017, they are aggressively increasing network presence nationwide in an attempt to improve internet speed and services, decried as one of the worst in Asia, apart from rivalry from other companies.

Globe Telecom deployed GPON pilot projects in 2009 for areas in Bonifacio Global City, Forbes park, Bel-Air and Urdaneta Village.[citation needed] After a hiatus in deployment, Globe is now rolling out FTTH services prominently in Metro Manila, and other nearby areas. Subsidiaries under Globe such as BayanTel now have fiber optic plans under the Globe branding.

Converge ICT offers similar Fiber Optic connectivity and is progressively rolling out services. They are initially available in Manila and neighboring cities. They are notable for offering 25 Mbit/s for PHP 1,500, with comparable if not better service.

Other minor telecom companies and even cable TV companies are offering similar fiber optic based connections, among these Eastern Telecom and Sky Cable.

### Singapore

Multiple Internet service providers offer FTTH plans from 100 Mbit/s to 10 Gbit/s. There are six main players providing FTTH services in Singapore. Among them four ISPs offer speeds up to 10 Gbit/s speeds (Viewqwest, SuperInternet, M1 and Singtel). M1 and Singtel use XG-PON for FTTH services (10 Gbit/s download and 2.5 Gbit/s upload speeds) whereas SuperInternet uses Optical Ethernet technology and ViewQwest has Metro Ethernet as the technology for FTTH (10 Gbit/s symmetrical).[43][44][45][46][47][48] MyRepublic and StarHub are the other ISPs that offer speeds up to 1 Gbit/s.[49][50]

### South Korea

FTTP in South Korea is offered by various Internet service providers including KT (formerly Korea Telecom), SK Broadband (formerly Hanaro Telecom) and LG U+ (formerly LG Powercom). The connection speed for both downloading and uploading is set to be 100 Mbit/s.

### Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka Telecom offers FTTH/FTTB in Sri Lanka. In April 2014, Sri Lankan operator Sri Lanka Telecom launched a 100 Mbit/s (for downloading and 50 Mbit/s for uploading) FTTH service.[51]

### Taiwan

Chunghwa Telecom offers FTTB in Taiwan. Taiwan had the world's fourth highest FTTB penetration rate.[when?][citation needed]

### Thailand

* CAT Telecom offers fiber service in Bangkok and other major cities in Thailand.
* TOT Public Company, a state-owned telecommunications company, offers fiber service to major cities.
* Advanced Info Service, offers fiber service to major cities.
* 3BB (Three Broadband), offers fiber service to major cities.

### Uzbekistan

Beeline Uzbekistan offers service in Tashkent, Zarafshan and Uchquduq with bandwidth of 100 Mbit/s for TAS-IX and 2 Mbit/s for other connections. UzOnline, a state-run ISP, and Sarkor Telecom also offer service in Tashkent.[citation needed]

## Europe

### Andorra

Andorra Telecom operates a country-wide fiber optic network delivering internet, TV, movies on demand and telephone service.[52] Internet access operates at 100 Mbit/s. The FTTH network is being used to replace copper loops, with telephony only subscribers being offered FTTH boxes to replace their copper PSTN line. Almost 100% of the country is covered. Andorra has some remote residences situated beyond the distance supported by DSL.

### Belgium

As of 2017, FTTH/B penetration was lower than 1%.[53] The use of vectoring technologies has allowed providers to increase speeds over the extensive copper networks without the usage of FTTH/B. Penetration is now increasing as the major providers Proximus, Telenet and Orange have started FTTH projects in major cities.[54]

### Bulgaria

As of Nov 2017 Mobiltel became a major provider, covering more than 40 major markets with max speeds of 1 Gbit/s via GPON.[55]

Vivacom is expanding coverage for Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna, Burgas and Stara Zagora and 20 smaller markets with speeds up to 1 Gbit/s.[56]

FTTH in Bulgaria is being deployed by Coolbox (formerly ITD Network). Covering 3 markets as of 2017.

Other ISP's that were used local area networks to deliver broadband are upgrading their networks and now offer fiber-to-the-curb. FTTH is now available in most cities with population over 10,000 offered by variety of local players.

### Croatia

The first provider to offer FTTH in Croatia was Vodatel. In September 2006, Vodatel service was available in Zagreb. The service offered symmetrical 2/5/10 Mbit/s speeds in Triple Play packages. As of mid 2009 T-com.hr partly equipped a 28-floor building in Rijeka with fiber. The building was a test site and the service was initially offered free of charge.[citation needed]

### Cyprus

In 2007, the largest telecommunication provider in Cyprus, the Cyprus Telecommunication Authority (CYTA), signed a contract with Ericsson for a rollout of FTTH.[57]

### Czech Republic

FTTH services include in Prague, a FTTH 1/10/100 Mbit/s service called ViaGia provided by T-Systems is available in newer homes built by CentralGroup. UPC provides Triple Play Services over FTTH in new buildings.[58][needs update]

In December 2013, Czech operator CentroNet, a.s. launched a 1 Gbit/s FTTH service in Prague.[59]

In Brno, SMART Company offers service branded NETBOX.[60] Other networks operate in Brno, Frýdek-Místek, Šumperk and Most.[citation needed]

### Denmark

As of 2006, FTTH was being installed in Denmark in the northern parts of Zealand north and west of Copenhagen. The installation was being performed by the power company DONG Energy as part of a project to convert their airborne power infrastructure into one consisting of underground cables. Their plans called for a completion date of 2010, after which they expected to expand FTTH installation to areas that fell outside of the scope of the power infrastructure conversion project. However, DONG Energy does not provide access to Internet, television, or telephone services by themselves – other providers rent the cable to provide the end customer with anything ranging from simple POTS-like telephony to triple play.[citation needed] As of 2014, FTTH is available through Waoo which is a consortium of 13 regional electric companies throughout the country. Stofa also offers fiber to the home service in cooperation with several regional electric companies previously part of Waoo, as well as customers served by SE who owns Stofa. Several apartment complexes also offer FTTH. DONG Energy sold its fiber to TDC which leases access to Waoo. In 2021 the cost of 1Gps FTTH has settled around €40/month.

### Estonia

As of 2010, FTTH networks are fully developed and commercially available in select locations in Estonia. Speeds up to 300 Mbit/s downstream and 300 Mbit/s upstream are commercially available for €33 a month. The same network delivers digital television and is usually marketed as a "home package" (Internet, digital television and landline phone). The price for ADSL2 connection operating at 12/1 Mbit/s is €21 a month. In all cases, TV and Internet share the overall bandwidth, so the more active TV tuners in use at a given time, the less bandwidth is available for Internet use.[citation needed] Since 2013 AS Starman has been offering connections with 200 Mbit/s downstream and 20 Mbit/s upstream, at a cost of approximately €26 per month.

### Finland

TeliaSonera offers FTTH in some urban areas of Finland , launching a 1 Gbit/s service for €99 per month.[61] Anvia provides FTTH in some areas of Vaasa and surroundings.[62]

DNA offers FTTH and coaxial 1 Gbit/s services in most urban areas of Finland for €49.90 per month.[3][4]

### France

France had 15.58 million FTTH homes in June 2019[63] out of 34.5 million households, and will increase this to at least 80% of all households by 2022. Deployments include:[citation needed]

* In June 2006, Orange launched a test program for FTTH in some arrondissements of Paris. It offered up to 2.5 Gbit/s downstream and 1.2 Gbit/s upstream per 30 users using PON for €70 a month.
* On 1 March 2007, Orange released their first commercial FTTH offer in Paris at €45 a month for a 100 Mbit/s Internet connection (flat rate) and a set of services including telephone over IP and television. The fiber installation is free.
* In September 2006, Free announced a €30 a month triple play offer including 100 Mbit/s Internet connection, free phone calls to 42 countries and high-definition television. The roll-out of this service was planned for May 2007, but wide offering was postponed to September. It will be available first in Paris, then other French towns including Montpellier, Lyon and Valenciennes as well as certain Paris suburbs.
* In La Réunion island: in June 2013, Zeop launched a 35 Mbit/s FTTH service on a first zone on the island. In April 2014, the bandwidth has been upgraded up to 100 Mbit/s.[64][65][66][67]
* In October 2013 Free and SFR have upgraded their FTTH bandwidth to 1 Gbit/s download and 200 Mbit/s upload.
* In December 2018, Free announced its new router with 8 Gbit/s of download and 600 Mbit/s of upload speed, besides its 4G connection to speed up ADSL lines.

The ARCEP (Electronic Communications and Postal services Regulation Authority) announced in September 2014 3.7 million homes were able to subscribe to FTTH.

In order to give access to FTTH to almost all households in France by 2025, the government launched "Plan France THD", which allowed the state-funded construction of FTTH lines throughout the country.

### Georgia

FTTH networks in Georgia (country) are being quickly deployed growing from just 11% coverage in 2011 to 49% by the end of 2016 with 25% of households having service subscription. Speeds up to 100 Mbit/s downstream and 100 Mbit/s upstream are commercially available for 100 GEL a month, but entry packages start at 10 GEL a month. Fixed broadband market is dominated by two biggest players Silknet and MagtiCom (who in 2016 acquired biggest fixed player Caucasus Online).

### Greece

In September 2008, Transport and Communications Minister Kostas Hatzidakis announced plans to provide FTTH to 2 million homes in Athens, Thessaloniki and 50 other cities across Greece by 2013, at a cost of €2.1 billion and at speeds of "at least" 100 Mbit/s.[68] Starting 2016 no Greek ISP offers more than 50 Mbit/s of download speed, with the exception of one ISP announcing plans for 100 Mbit/s and 200 Mbit/s towards the end of 2016 in some locations as well as 500 Mbit/s for professional use only. In early 2020 some ISPs offered speeds far exceeding 100 Mbit/s, reaching 10 Gbit/s for professional use.

### Hungary

In 2009, Magyar Telekom was the largest FTTH provider in the country. Fiber-optic services are available in the inner districts of Budapest and other major cities such as Győr and Sopron. By 2011 the fiber-optic network will be extended to 800,000 households.[citation needed]

### Iceland

As of 2019, 75% of premises in Iceland have FTTH access available, with all of the Reykjavík and surrounding areas connected through Gagnaveita Reykjavíkur's network. 1 Gbit/s internet services have been available to homes since 2016. In terms of total active connections, 53.1% are FTTH.[69]

The Government of Iceland's goal is for 99% of homes and businesses to have access to fibre networks by the year 2022.[70] The government has engaged in a programme called Ísland Ljóstengt running from 2016–2020. It funds FTTH deployment to 5,500 rural locations allowing this goal to be reached.[71] The incumbent largest conventional copper provider, Míla (owned by Síminn) transitioning to a full fibre network in the coming years.

FTTH is being deployed by Gagnaveita Reykjavikur (GR), a subsidiary of Orkuveita Reykjavíkur (Reykjavik Power Company). In March 2006, they had begun connecting the towns of Seltjarnarnes, Akranes and Reykjavík offering services of 100 Mbit/s. All of Seltjarnes, Akranes, Mosfellsbær, Þorlákshöfn and Hveragerði were connected by 2012 and the Reykjavik area as of 2018.[72] As of 2019 all connections are 1 Gbit/s.

Other FTTH providers are Míla which operates in recently developed areas in the Capital Region, Gagnveita Skagafjarðar which operates in Sauðárkrókur and Tengir in Akureyri and its vicinity.[citation needed]Various other smaller FTTH networks are operated by local municipalities.

### Ireland

OpenEir, the wholesale arm of Eir, Ireland's largest telecommunications company, is rolling out an FTTH network. This service provides up to 1 Gbit/s down and 100 Mbit/s up.[73] and is in addition to a very widespread FTTC network, which offers speeds of 100 Mbit/s down and 20 Mbit/s up. The FTTC network was built with enough fibre to each cabinet to future-proof them for eventual FTTH deployment.

Siro, a joint venture between the state owned power company ESB Group and Vodafone Ireland, is also rolling out 1 Gbit/s FTTH download and 200 Mbit/s upload to 500,000 properties in Ireland by 2018.[74] This network uses ESB's physical electrical distribution network to carry fibres through ducts and on poles directly into homes and offices.

Both of these networks are being operated on a wholesale basis and end users can select from a range of different ISPs and IP television providers and a wide range of service for residential and business users.

Ireland's FTTH rollout faces particular challenges as the country's housing stock has a high percentage of individual homes built at quite low density. This necessitates far more civil engineering works to bring fibre to every home than would be the case in a country with a predominance of dense apartment type developments. However, this is being overcome using innovative solutions like running fibre through existing power line ducts and using mixtures of underground and aerial cable.

### Italy

In Italy, FTTH has been deployed by Fastweb since 1999 in selected areas of Milan, Rome, Naples, Genova, Bologna and a few other cities, however they aren't planning to deploy any more FTTP as DSL deployment is far cheaper. Where FTTP is available, they have offered a triple play service on a 10/10 Mbit/s Internet connection since 2010. Fastweb started offering FTTP customers the option to upgrade to 100/50 Mbit/s at a small additional fee. Telecom Italia announced, in March 2008, they would deploy FTTH in 140,000 homes in Milan, by the end of 2008 and in 10 cities the following year at speeds up to 1 Gbit/s.[citation needed] As of November 2015 the state-of-the-art internet connection is represented by Vodafone fibre, the availability of which is limited to some areas of Milan and Bologna, reaching speeds of 1 Gbit/s in download and 200 Mbit/s in upload. This is a FTTH, just like the 100/50 connections provided by Fastweb in a bunch of cities. Most of other connections advertised as fibre are actually FTTC / VDSL (Telecom Italia is currently offering 30/3 and 50/10 connections, whereas Fastweb goes up to 200/20 and Vodafone reaches 100/20). As it might be expected, the real speed is about 20% less than the advertised speed in the case of FTTC. Fiber for Italy initiative: The initiative has the stated goal of offering 100 Mbit/s symmetrical connections to 10 million Italian subscribers across 15 cities by 2018 and up to 1 Gbit/s for business customers.[75][76] It involves operators Wind, Tele2, Vodafone, and Fastweb. An ongoing pilot project in the Italian capital Rome delivers symmetrical speeds of up to 100 Mbit/s to small businesses. Telecom Italia (the largest Italian operator) is not a participant in the Fiber for Italy program, but has independently committed to provide ultra-highspeed broadband up to 100 Mbit/s symmetrical connections to 50 percent of the country's population (138 cities) by 2018.[77] Both Fiber for Italy participants and Telecom Italia are working with Advanced Digital Broadcast to provide residential gateway technology with embedded fiber termination. Since 2006, Television Sierre SA[78] deploys a FTTH network in most municipalities in the district of Sierre, Switzerland . Triple Play services are offered to the public under the brand Vario.[79]

Open Fiber: In 2015, Open Fiber won all lots for the Ultrabroadband Plan rollout,[80] which was set up by Infratel Italia in order to upgrade, mostly by using state and european funds, broadband coverage especially in the so-called "market failure" areas, where no operator was interested in upgrading the existing POTS and ADSL-capable copper lines.[81] Open Fiber plans to cover every municipality in Italy by 2022 with connections of up to 1000/300 Mbit/s, which will be provided using a newly built GPON FTTH network, or radio uplinks in very remote areas.[82]

### Latvia

In Q1 2009, Lattelecom launched FTTH services with up to 100 Mbit/s speeds, initially available in Riga. By November 2009, the speed was increased to 500 Mbit/s in selected areas, however by October 2013 it was increased to 1 Gbit/s. In Q1 2013, the company's FTTH service covered 450,000 households across Latvia.[83][84]

### Lithuania

FTTH is provided in all major and smaller cities (~30 of them) of Lithuania, mainly by Telia and some smaller local providers. Teo LT is a former state telecom operator now owned by TeliaSonera and according to the local regulatory agency their data communications business accounts for ~69% of the total data service revenue in Lithuania for 2009. They sell FTTH under the brand ZEBRA, there were 63,000 subscribers connected via FTTH at the end of 2009,[85] and there are plans for most residents in the three largest cities, Vilnius (95%), Kaunas (70%) and Klaipėda (95%), to be able to connect to FTTH by the end of 2010. According to the FTTH European Rankings of the FTTH Council Europe published 24 February 2010, Lithuania leads Europe in FTTH connectivity with 18% penetration, followed by Sweden, Norway and Slovenia.[86]

### Malta

Fibre-to-the-Home is currently only available through GO, with residential connections available at up to 1 Gbit/s for download speed. Melita provide speeds of up to 1 GBits/s down and 25 Mbits/s up, via its cable TV platform, which has a wider coverage footprint than GO's FTTH network as of December 2020. As of the end of 2019, more than 100,000 homes - roughly half of the homes across the country - are within fibre network areas. The rollout of fibre cabling to the remaining homes is expected to be finished by 2024.[87] Other operators advertising fibre broadband either currently use GO's network, such as Epic.

### North Macedonia

In North Macedonia, as of 2015 Makedonski Telekom is the largest among the various FTTH providers in the country. Fiber-optic services are currently available in the larger cities in the country, as well as some rural areas. The service offers symmetrical 40, 50 and 60 Mbit/s as well as 1 Gbit/s speeds in triple play and double play packages.[88]

### Moldova

In Moldova FTTx has been deployed by StarNet and Arax since 2006 and Moldtelecom since 2008 in the city of Chișinău at first and other towns and regional centers later. Since then the network grew fast due to healthy competition between two top ISP's in the country – StarNet and Moldtelecom. The result of this competition is that in 2013 FTTx became the dominant access technology in the country and it remains so to this day, holding nearly 60% of the broadband market in 2017.[89] There are multiple local and only two country-wide ISP's (StarNet and Moldtelecom) that offer Internet access via FTTx. StarNet and Moldtelecom both offer 100/100 Mbit (and higher) Internet connection via FTTx in cities of Chișinău and Bălți as well as all other large towns and regional centers with prices of around €10 per month.[90][91]

### Montenegro

Montenegring Agency for Electronic Communications and Postal Services started reporting about number of FTTx connections for the first time in September 2011. In January 2015 13.16% of all Internet connections in Montenegro (cellular network excluded) were FTTx connections.[92] By connection type, ADSL was leading with 71.17% usage rate. Of all FTTx connections 62.31% were FTTH, 36.22% were FTTB and 1.47% were FTTC.[93] Crnogorski Telekom which is part of Deutsche Telekom group is holding majority of the FTTx market. Crnogorski Telekom is providing FFTx services only in form of FTTH connections and it is only FTTH service provider in country. FTTB connections are offered by Cable television service providers.

### Netherlands

In The Netherlands in the city of Eindhoven and a nearby village of Nuenen, there is a large network with 15 000 connections. Triple play is offered. Houses and companies are connected with single-mode fibre. The network is owned by the members themselves, who formed a corporation. The first European FTTH project was also in Eindhoven in a neighborhood known as the "Vlinderflats". This was a multi-mode fibre but was in 2005 changed to single-mode fibre. FTTH resulted in new broadband services; the inhabitants started their own broadband TV station called VlinderTV.[citation needed]

Since October 2006 fibre optic connections are being deployed in the city of Amsterdam. In the first phase of the deployment there are some 40,000 connections planned with the first ones being available for connection to end users in February 2007. The network is rolled out in the boroughs of Zeeburg, Oost and Osdorp. The owner of the network is GNA CV, the operator is BBned, a subsidiary of Telecom Italia. BBned operates as a non-discriminating wholesaler of capacity to service providers. This setup, with a structural separation of ownership of the network and the delivery of services, ensures that the network is open to all.[citation needed]

Also, another company is building new FTTH networks in Arnhem, Nijmegen, Amersfoort, Hilversum, Soest, Leiden and Utrecht. These networks are almost completed. The first home was connected around March 2005. If all goes according to plan, the last home in these networks will be connected in June 2007. These networks also provide triple play services. Internet connection speed varies from 24, 48 and 100 Mbit/s (up and down).[citation needed]

The city of Deventer will be the first city in The Netherlands which will be fully connected with FTTH, at the end of 2009. Already in the first quarter of 2009, more than half of the roughly 100,000 citizens are able to use the FTTH services. Single play, double play and triple play are offered, with speeds of 35 and 50 Mbit/s. In the near future, these speeds will be upgraded to 50 and 100 Mbit/s respectively.[94]

In the last couple of years a wide deployment has been undertaken by Dutch firm Reggefiber. However, in 2013 Reggefiber was acquired by KPN and rollouts have been significantly less since then.

### Norway

A lot of companies currently provide FTTH/FTTP in Norway for consumers and businesses.[95] The maximum speed offered is 10 Gbits symmetrical.

### Poland

As of February 2017, Orange delivers FTTH to 0.1 million Polish customers and plans to expand this number to 3.5 million households.[96]

### Portugal

Vodafone are rolling out FTTH to 2.75 million homes (2/3 of the country) by the end of 2016.

ZON was created from TVCabo's spin-off from Portugal Telecom. Subsequently, a large group of smaller cable operators was bought into the new company. TVTEL was the first Portuguese ISP to offer FTTH services initially in Oeiras (near Lisbon) and also in Porto, Pluricanal is another ISP that offers this kind of access in some neighborhoods on the outskirts of Lisbon. Both TVTel and Pluricanal are now a part of ZON. ZON based its current expansion program not on the FTTH network, but in upgrading the HFC (cable) network to Eurodocsys3.0 at 200 Mbit/s on cable and 1 Gbit/s using FTTH.[citation needed]

But since 2012, ZON has been acquired by NOS[97]

Sonaecom with Optimus Clix Fibra[98] was the arguably the first to invest in a large-scale fiber optical network, to cover 1,000,000 people by 2011, the triple-play packages includes maximum speeds of 360/36 Mbit/s (down/upstream), TV with +150 channels over FTTH and IPTV. The company was first to offer such service in Portugal. Currently after ZON and NOS were merged, they have about 4 million customers and now offering up to 1000/100 Mbit/s (down/upstream), TV with +150 channels with 4K ability over FTTH and IPTV.

Portugal Telecom launched the FTTH service in May 2009, Meo Fibra[99] offers a triple-play service at a maximum speed (for now) of 1000/200 Mbit/s (download/upload), more than 200 TV channels over IPTV and VoIP phone; the coverage is still limited, but the expansion of the fiber is still underway across the country. They are planning to finish the expansion by 2020. A special notice should be mentioned about the late development of PT FTTH network since due to previous "unbundling" problems of the copper DSL network only after getting a guarantee from the respective authorities (Anacom) that they would not be mandated to give free/open access to other companies in their network.

### Romania

In Romania, FTTH was first deployed in Timișoara by RDS. Currently, it is available in every major city. The name of the service is FiberLink. There are 4 subscription plans: FiberLink 100, FiberLink 300, FiberLink 500 and FiberLink 1000.[citation needed] For Home use, it is available since 2007, first only in some regions, but quickly expanded. All major operators, RCS&RDS, UPC, and Telekom are providing FTTH, with speed up to 1 Gbit/s, but not in all counties and not in all cities and part of the counties sometimes not even in some cities or part of some cities. Offered only in big cities and the surroundings. To the present day, RCS&RDS is the biggest FTTH provider, mounting ONT equipment to the final user destination, followed by UPC and Telekom. In some regions, FTTH may be available but with smaller bandwidth than in big cities ( mainly in some rural areas were FTTH may be only up to 20 Mbit/s and analogue television in some isolated zones, sometimes even very small towns). Except major operators, some smaller providers of Internet & CATV are implementing or beginning to implement FTTH or had it implemented. It is used for Internet, Cable Television, IP TV, and fixed telephone. Speed reaches up to 1 Gbit/s at the user, HD channels over CATV or IPTV and analogue CATV, and telephony ( even IP telephony). FTTH is used both for business and home use services.

### Russia

In Russia the ER-Telecom company started construction of the FTTH network, "Universal City Telecommunication Network" (UCTN), in Perm.[citation needed] The following services are offered over UCTN:

* Cable Television «Divan-TV»
* High-speed broadband Internet Access «DOM.RU»
* IP-telephony «GORSVYAZ»
* Services for corporations («home office» service, videoconference connection, telemetry collecting service etc.).

### Serbia

In Serbia Targo Telekom offers FTTH access to residents in Stara Pazova and New Belgrade. The offer includes both Internet access and television. Speed ranges from 10/5 Mbit/s, 20/10 Mbit/s, 40/20 Mbit/s, 80/40 Mbit/s and 120/60 Mbit/s. Thunder and Warp plans include speeds of up to 2.5/1.5 Gbit/s.[100]

Serbia Broadband has also announced plans to connect 50,000[101] residential customers to its FTTH service called Fiber Power by the end of the year.

### Slovakia

In Slovakia FTTH was first deployed in Bratislava, Piešťany and Trnava by Orange. End user speed is 70/8 Mbit/s (down/up). The service is Orange Doma.[citation needed]

FTTx connectivity is available in Michalovce by GeCom, s.r.o, which offers FTTB+ETTH variant at speeds up to 33/33 Mbit/s (down/up).[citation needed]

FTTx connectivity is available in Košice by Antik computers and communications, which offers FTTH variant speeds up to 1/1 Gbit/s (down/up). [citation needed]

In 2010 coverage was up to 310,000 households, almost 19% of the country. At the end of 2011 the major operators (Orange, Deutsche Telekom) covered up to 350,000 households. Since 2013 Orange has offered 250/250 Mbit/s. Another ISPs, Bonet and Vnet offer symmetrical 1 Gbit/s for only €25/€22 respectively.[102][103]

### Kosovo

In Kosovo, FTTN (N=Neighborhood) has been deployed by Telecom Kosovo since 2000 in selected areas of Pristina, Peja, Prizren, Mitrovica, Ferizaj, Gjilan and other cities in Kosovo. More than 800 km connects 50 locations in MASH topology, in 2010 Telecom Kosovo introduced Triple-Play for its customers.[citation needed]

### Slovenia

In Slovenia, FTTH was first deployed in Kranj by T-2. Currently optical fiber infrastructure for FTTH is being built by Gratel and Telekom Slovenije in Šenčur, Ljubljana, Koper, Portorož, Novo Mesto, Murska Sobota, Maribor, Slovenska Bistrica, Velenje, Nova Gorica and Jesenice. The plan by both companies is to cover all the major and smaller towns first before they roll out fiber to suburbs. T-2 FTTH speed ranges from 10/10 Mbit/s (€23/month), 20/20 Mbit/s (€30/month), 50/50 Mbit/s (€41/month), 100/10 Mbit/s (€29/month), 100/100 Mbit/s (€51/month), 200/200 Mbit/s (€200/month), 500/500 Mbit/s (€500/month), and up to 1 Gbit/s (€1,000/month). Telekom Slovenije (national ISP) offers FTTH speeds from 20/20 Mbit/s (€33/month), 60/60 Mbit/s (€87/month) and 100/100 Mbit/s (€147).[citation needed]

In mid 2011, T-2 finished negotiations with Gratel to greatly expand FTTH penetration in its home city Maribor, where the T-2's main offices are located. The expenditure is rumored to connect more than 25,000 new households including skyscrapers in the city's south center area Tabor (the right/south side of the river). The construction started immediately and is continuing rapidly.[104]

### Spain

Spain will have completely converted its telephone network to FTTH by 2020.[105] In 2015 it had 10 million homes connected with FTTH.

Spain has supported FTTH a lot, for example by giving annual government subsidies for expanding the network, actually, because of this, Spain has more FTTH coverage than Germany , France , Italy and the United Kingdom altogether.[citation needed]

In Spain the first FTTH network commercially deployed is in the mining valleys of Asturias. The network has an Open Access FTTH Network architecture allowing end users to select from several different service providers called Red Asturcón.[106]

The Guifi.net Foundation is providing Fiber from the Farms (FFTF) in Gurb (Catalonia), a FTTH service, symmetric at 1 Gbit/s in both the downstream and upstream directions.[107]

Movistar, Vodafone, Orange and MásMóvil are the four companies that have their own nationwide coverage with all of them being FTTH except Vodafone which has both FTTH and HFC since the purchase of Ono, which had HFC network, but it is Docsis 3.1, so they are able to provide 1Gbps symmetrical in both networks, other companies either rent their lines (which they are obliged to lend) or are regional operators like R (Galicia), Euskaltel (País Vasco) and Telecable (Asturias)[citation needed]

Movistar (Telefónica-Movistar) offers GPON-based FTTH services, ranging from 300 Mbit/s (downstream/upstream) to 1 Gbit/s (since 2020).[108]. Coverage reaches more than 16 million households and businesses all over the country, planning to reach 100% coverage by 2020. From 2016 FTTH lines surpassed ADSL customers with more than 3 million. Movistar is also the major carrier in all technologies according to the Spanish regulator, CNMC.[109]

In 2018, Vodafone became the first carrier to offer 1 Gbit/s (symmetric on FTTH, asymmetric with 100 Mbit/s up in HFC) for 45 euros per month. Other big ISPs in the country also followed the trend afterwards, like Orange, Yoigo (asymmetric, with 300 Mbit/s upstream) and Adamo. [110]

The 9th of September of 2021, Digi Mobil became the first ISP to offer more than 1 Gbit/s for a residential connection, offering 10 Gbit/s symmetrical speeds for 30 euros per month.[111]

### Sweden

Sweden has a vast number of installed FTTH connections both in rural and suburban areas. Municipalities and private companies are using blown fiber and cable in metro networks. For metro networks, fibre cable are used with fibre counts ranging from eight to 96 SM and blown fibre with bundles of 8 fibers or less, for connecting houses and apartments. Competitors to Telia, the Swedish incumbent, helped to drive the early development of fiberbased broadband installations made by Bredbandsbolaget and others. For instance by municipality owned power companies and housing corporations.[citation needed]

Stokab, Stockholm's city-owned network company, is the owner of one of the largest dark fiber city networks in Europe. Ribbon cables, new micro cables and blown fiber used by Stokab, are facilitating the installation. New smart network designs, cuts construction costs and eliminates the need to dig up streets and sidewalks to connect building properties one by one. Stokab installs a fibre optic cable from its metro network into the basement of a building where it terminates all the fibres from the street. From the termination box Stokab then installs a multiduct with micro ducts that goes through all the basements on the block to form a ring. Each building has a 'delivery point' from which Stokab can connect a micro duct when the building owner wants fibre.[citation needed]

Stokab connected 10 city blocks in central Stockholm during 2006, each with about 250 apartments. Stokab plans to connect 100 more blocks in 2007–2008. Some of the biggest scale projects are now built in Stockholm, where housing corporations use micro duct to blow cable and fiber to connect tenants. In Stockholm, housing corporations (Svenska Bostäder, Stockholmshem, Familjebostäder) will connect more than 100,000 apartments over the coming years forming the world's largest Open Fiber to the Home network. Tenants can choose among competing service providers of Internet, telephony and TV.[citation needed]

The dominating active FTTH technology used in Sweden is AON, some few PON based projects are also up and running. A standard for national certification of fiber installers has been formed in order to keep high installation quality and lower maintenance costs. As of March 2009, Sweden has 8% of households connected with fiber, making Sweden number one in Europe FTTH-wise.[citation needed]

In Autumn 2010, Sweden is due to launch 1 Gbit/s in some areas for 999SEK per month.[112]

### Switzerland

In Switzerland , fiber is available in major cities and some other municipalities.[113] In 2013, most fiber users had 100 Mbit/s connections, and by the end of 2013, 700,000 fiber customers were eligible for gigabit FTTH access through Swisscom. By 2015, 1 million of Swisscom's customers had FTTH, 500,000 had FTTS or FTTB, with a further 800,000 customers having at least 100 Mbit/s through vectored DSL. 80% of households are scheduled to have at least 100 Mbit/s by 2020, however it is not yet clear which technology will be used.[114] Swisscom is currently the leading investor having invested 1.75 billion CHF in 2013, however there are currently over 80 other registered fiber optic providers, composed of national providers, and smaller community/regional ones that also plan to expand the fiber network.[115]

Swiss ISP Offers 10 Gbit/s Broadband, TV & Phone for 50eur/month.

Another ISP called SALT (owned by French billionaire Xavier Niel's private equity investor NJJ Capital since 2015) uses XGS-PON technology to offer symmetrical 10 Gbit/s (both upload and download speeds of 10 Gbit/s) FTTH broadband connection in over 30 cities in Switzerland and expanding to more. It launched its fiber services in March 2018 at a price of 49.95 Swiss francs per month (39.95 Swiss francs per month from its mobile customers) which is the cheapest tariff for a 10 Gbit/s broadband anywhere in the world.[116][117]

### Turkey

In Turkey, Tellcom started its FTTB service "QuikNET" in December 2007. The initial tariff had 100/100 Mbit/s service at a price of 109 TL/month (~=73 $/month).[118]

Superonline (an ADSL operator) acquired Tellcom on 5 January 2009 and continued the fiber internet service on highly populated buildings, along with its ADSL service. The name of the fiber Internet service is "Superonline Fiber Internet". Currently offered tariffs are 10/1 Mbit/s (99 TL/month ~= 65 $/month), 20/5 Mbit/s (199TL ~= 135 $/month), 50/5 Mbit/s (399TL ~= 265 $/month and 100/5 Mbit/s (599TL ~=400 $/month). Tariffs include low priced fiber packages with download quotas and after quota limits are reached, extra downloads cost fees depending on the amount of the download (9.4 TL / GB =~ 6.$3 / GB). Finally there are packages with "fair use policy" which limit the fiber speed to 512/128 kbit/s once download caps are reached. The download caps are set at 5 times the download speed and 10 times the upload speed in terms of GB (As an example, 10/1 Mbit/s "fair use" tariff has 50 GB/10 GB fair usage quotas).[119]

Superonline's "fair use policy" tariffs, price increases for the unlimited tariffs (73 $/month to 400 $/month for the 100 Mbit unlimited tariff) and the reduced upload speeds from symmetrical upload speed to 5 Mbit upload speed have created a controversy[120] among its users and a protest group was formed condemning Superonline for its actions.[121]

Superonline announced on its April 2010 monthly bill[122] that after 15 June 2010, all upload speeds will be decreased to 1 Mbit/s for the fiber internet tariffs. This includes the 20/5 Mbit/s, 50/5 Mbit/s, and 100/5 Mbit/s tariffs, thus after 15 June 2010, these tariffs will be 20/1 Mbit/s, 50/1 Mbit/s and, 100/1 Mbit/s. The 100/1 service with a download to upload ratio of 100:1 is the most asymmetrical fiber connection in the world. However, on 15 May 2010, Superonline sent an e-mail to its customers stating that the announcement on the bills was a "technical glitch" which should be ignored. This incident decreased Superonline's credibility among its fiber internet customers.

Superonline announced on 9 July 2010 that customers would be discriminated according to their internet service starting dates. Customers who started using fiber internet before 15 March 2010 will not be affected by the "fair usage policy", thus they will be able to download unlimited data while paying half the price of unlimited tariffs or in other words paying the same price as a fair usage limited user and downloading unlimited data.[123]

Superonline tariffs in 2013 are 25/5, 50/5, 100/5 and 1000/20 Mbit/s. The cheapest prices are 49 TL ($27) for 25 Mbit/s, 89 TL ($45) for 50 Mbit/s, 109 TL ($55) for 100 Mbit/s and 999TL ($504) for 1 Gbit/s.[124] The 1 Gbit/s packet is unlimited in any means. The fair usage policy affects all packages except the 1 Gbit/s tariff. The company has been heavily criticised for fair usage policy. The network's main drawback is it is coverage. No significant expansions were made by far. Although residents can fill the form for the fibre coverage, there is really low chance that this will affect future plans of the company.

### Ukraine

In Ukraine the first FTTH project was launched in Odessa in 2006 by Comstar-Ukraine, LLC, a local branch of Comstar-UTS, Russia. The project aimed to prepare a basic network for TriplePlay service deployment. Along with the broadband internet service in April 2008 Comstar-Ukraine presented to the market the first Ukraine commercial IPTV project, which presently supports HDTV and Dolby 5.1 sound.[citation needed]

Later in 2007 a FTTP project in Kyiv was deployed by Svitonline/Golden Telecom. Svitonline proposed tariffs: "Hourly": 20₴ (€2,70)/month, 25 hours included, ₴1 (€0,01)./hour above included. "Standard": 80₴ (€10,81)/month, 11 GiBs included, ₴0,01 (€0,001)/MiB above included. "Unlimited": 200₴ (€27)/month. Speed for all of the tariffs is 100 Mbit/s.[citation needed]

As of 2015, nationwide FTTH GPON network is operated by Velton Telecom, which offers SLA for rates of 10, 25 and 50 Mbit/s, and non-SLA rates of 50 and 100 Mbit/s, with an optional triple-play (telephony and IPTV) package.

### United Kingdom (and dependencies)

#### United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom :

* In 2008, H2O Networks, part of the i3 Group,[125] rolled out Fibrecity, offering Residential FTTH in Bournemouth, Northampton and Dundee.[126]
* In 2011, KC (part of the KCOM Group) began deploying fibre to the premise to locations across its Hull and East Yorkshire network.
* In October 2011, Hyperoptic launched a 1Gbit/s FTTH service in London, which has since grown to include Manchester, Birmingham, Eastbourne, Glasgow and Sheffield. Hyperoptic will have passed 500,000 homes by 2018.[127]
* In October 2012, British operator Gigler launched a 1 Gbit/s down and 500 Mbit/sec up FTTH service in Bournemouth using the CityFibre network.[128]
* In North Lancashire farmers teamed up to create B4RN, offering 1 GB/s symmetrical FTTP connection to rural farms, offices and schools.[129] The network has since expanded to cover much of rural Lancashire, Cumbria and Yorkshire Dales, plus small areas of South Norfolk, Cheshire and Allen Valleys (North Pennines).
* CityFibre provide 1 Gbit/s FTTH connections in London, Birmingham, Glasgow and 39 other larger cities as of July 2018[130]
* Truespeed provides an Active Ethernet network that delivers a “dedicated” 10Gbps link to every individual customer on their networks, which is built across the South West of England as of August 2016[131]
* Gigaclear provide 1 Gbit/s FTTH connections in 16 counties (predominantly rural and suburban areas) as of July 2018[132]
* Exascale provide 1 Gbit/s FTTH connections in Telford, Shropshire as of December 2019.
* CommunityFibre provide 1 Gbit/s FTTH connections in some social housing areas
* Sky plc provide 1 Gbit/s connections in York[133]
* TalkTalk provide 1 Gbit/s connections in York[133]
* In 2009, BT announced that its internal network division, Openreach, would connect 2.5 million British homes to ultra-fast FTTP by 2012 and 25% of UK premises following that. However, by the end of September 2015 only 250,000 homes had been connected;[134] the full rollout has not yet happened.[135] Later, in 2014, Openreach began offering installation of a 330 Mbit/s FTTP service called Fibre on Demand ("FTTPoD") to most UK premises, but soon stopped taking orders for the product as orders were proving to take far more time and cost far more money than had been planned. Openreach started favouring FTTC and G.Fast technology (which is constrained to a maximum of 330 Mbit/s download, at short distances in optimum conditions, by the copper/aluminium telephone lines used),[136] due to the significantly lower costs. In 2017 it reopened ordering for FTTPoD and expanded availability to virtually all premises connected to a telephone exchange which supports FTTC; however, given the pricing was nearly an order of magnitude higher than previously, and contract terms were extremely lengthy at 36 months, this made it virtually impossible to obtain for consumers.
* The failure of BT Openreach to offer FTTH to any but a handful of customers, and millions of complaints regarding poor service since it was functionally separated from the main BT operation in 2005, had led nearly all UK ISPs to call for it to be completely split from BT. Ofcom, the UK's telecom regulator, consulted on the proposal and, after informal negotiations with BT failed, stated that it would force BT to divest Openreach into a separately-owned company. However, soon after this was announced, BT expressed its willingness to do more voluntarily; it later agreed with Ofcom to separate Openreach into a different legal company (Openreach Limited), but still owned by BT's parent holding company, BT Group plc. In December 2015, Ofcom revealed that BT's FTTP network passed only 200,000 premises (less than the 1% of the UK's houses and businesses), whilst other ISPs passed more than 200,000. Still, only 2% of the UK was able to receive FTTP.[137]
* In 2016, hybrid-fibre-coaxial operator Virgin Media started its Project Lightning effort to spend £3bn to expand its network by 25% (4 million premises),[138] using a roughly 50:50 proportion of coaxial and FTTP technologies. This was designed to bring its urban-based network to more urban and suburban properties, and especially new-build areas. However, the project has suffered a number of setbacks and delays, such as poor contractor work quality, community resistance and misleading corporate statements, and is now on hold.
* In July 2018, the EU reported that the UK had achieved 2.3% coverage in 2017, up from 1.8% in 2016.[139]
* In January 2019, access to full fibre services was 7% according to Ofcom's Connected Nations Update.[140]
* In October 2019, Hull became the first UK city to have full fibre broadband available for all residents.[141]

#### Jersey

In July 2018, JT deactivated their Copper broadband lines, with all connections being fibre-to-the-home with the lowest rate starting from 250 Mbit/s downstream, 50 Mbit/s upstream). Landline only lines would continue to be switched over to Fibre.[citation needed]

## Middle East

### Israel

Israel's state-owned electricity company is deploying a FTTP network across the country. Target maximum speeds are between 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s. The network will be funded 49% by the Government electric company, and 51% by private sector partners. Construction will begin in 2012, with a target of 10% coverage by 2013 and 66% by 2019.[142] Currently (Dec 2016) the company has only thousands of subscribers and experiences significant difficulties.[143]

### Jordan

Jordan Cable Services (JCS) was founded in 2003 as a private company and it has a view to realize a cable TV and Internet network using FTTH technology in Jordan. On 11 April 2007 Jordan Cable TV and Internet Services obtained from the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission the individual license to build communications networks.[citation needed]

### Kuwait

In 2005 the Kuwait Ministry of Communications (MOC) selected Alcatel to supply a gigabit passive optical network (GPON) that will allow the MOC to offer triple-play services (voice, video and data) to subscribers via a fiber to the user (FTTU) architecture.[144]

In South Surra, in four cities, Alsalam, Hutteen, Alshuhada, and future Seddeek. The project started in 2003 and service is complete, but with many errors in installations (mixed up phone numbers, inactive additional services like CallerId). The equipment is from Alcatel. A typical installation has four RJ32 female sockets and two RJ45 female sockets. Starting on 2 May 2007 Internet service is offered for premises with fibre.[145]

### Lebanon

In Lebanon in April 2009, Minister of Communications Gebran Bassil unveiled a study calling for FTTH to be provided to 40,000 subscribers residing on Hamra Street and to 35,000 others residing in Achrafieh, both located in Beirut. If approved by the cabinet, the system will take 10 months to complete and would make Internet access speeds of 70 Mbit/s possible.[146][needs update]

### Qatar

Qatar's government established Qatar National Broadband Network (Qnbn), a shareholding company wholly owned by the government, with a mandate to accelerate the rollout of a nationwide, open, and accessible high-speed (100+ Mbit/s) broadband Fiber to the Home (FTTH) network infrastructure. Qnbn focuses solely on the deployment of a passive network infrastructure, providing equal and open access to operators to offer choice for the end-user and efficiently leveraging existing and new infrastructure in Qatar. Qnbn operates within the existing laws and under license conditions issued by Supreme Council of Information and Communication Technology (ictQATAR).[147][148][149]

### Saudi Arabia

The Saudi Telecom Company (STC) and Mobily offer up to 200 Mbit/s FTTH connections in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.[150]

### United Arab Emirates

The UAE has 100% FTTP coverage, with 1 million homes connected to FTTP. Etisalat became the first FTTH/B operator in the United Arab Emirates in September 2002. The network initially served subscribers within Emaar Properties PJSC developments such as Dubai Marina, Emirates Lakes, Hills, Springs, and the Arabian Ranches

Du, the other UAE telecom operator, only uses FTTH/B. Subscribers are offered voice, IPTV and broadband Internet. All services are transported over IP.

## North America

### Canada

In Canada :

* TBAY Tel (Thunder Bay, Ontario) has fiber to premises widely available
* Telus in BC and Alberta has been doing FTTH since around 2010 and has been converting towns over from copper pair to full FTTH with currently available speeds up to 940/940 in some areas.
* O-NET, by Olds Fibre, Ltd., is Canada's first community-owned Gigabit FTTH and FTTB carrier in Canada. Gigabit download and upload speeds are provided throughout the community of Olds, Alberta, on a community-owned GPON and Active-E fibre infrastructure. Costs for Gigabit services, unbundled, are approximately $100/month for residential users. Other available services include IPTV, Remote-Storage DVR, Home Phone, Long-Distance, and Wholesale Gateway and Data Centre services.[citation needed]
* Novus provides FTTB services in Vancouver , British Columbia to apartment buildings. The carrier provides TV (cable, digital, and HD), digital phone, and 35/10, 100/100, 300/300 and 1000/1000 Internet access with lifetime of free installation to residential customers and the same to SOHO and business customers in its service area,[151]
* Urbanfibre offers 1000/1000 FTTB to apartments, with custom plans available for business[152]
* Fibrestream offers services to condominium buildings in the Greater Toronto Area and Ottawa. Speeds range from 100 to 5000 Mbit/s uplink and downlink. The service is only available in condominium buildings in which fibrestream installed its equipment, and buildings which were built after 2000 and have over 200 units are eligible to request installation.[153]
* Wightman Telecom offers FTTH in Mount Forest, Harriston, Listowel, Hanover, Walkerton, Fergus and Elora in southwestern Ontario. Services include phone, symmetric 50 Mbit/s Internet access, and digital TV (SD and HD) services. There is no fibre installation fee for subscribes during the initial installation period in an area.[154]
* Hurontel Telecommunications Co-operative Limited is offering FTTH services in Goderich, Ripley, Ontario, and Lucknow in Ontario and is extending service to Huron-Kinloss, Kincardine, and Ashfield-Colborne-West Wawanosh, including Port Albert, Dungannon, and the Point Clark.[155]
* Saugeen Driftwood offer's FTTH services in the Saugeen First Nation. The Project is funded by Broadband Canada, OMAFRA, Aboriginal Affairs, and The Saugeen Band Council and built using Zhone equipment providing 10 Mbit/s symmetrical (Up and down) Internet access.[citation needed]
* Bell Aliant is offering FTTH which they call Bell Fibe and state it's Canada's first 100% fibre-to-the home network to cover an entire city. Available in the Halifax, Kentville, Wolfville, Truro, New Glasgow, and Sydney areas of Nova Scotia; Fredericton, Saint John, Shediac, Miramichi, Bathurst, and Moncton areas of New Brunswick; Charlottetown and Summerside on Prince Edward Island (PEI); and St. John's, Mount Pearl, Paradise, Conception Bay South, Corner Brook, and Grand Falls-Windsor in Newfoundland and Labrador. Speeds range from 100 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s download and 50 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s upload.[156]
* Eastlink, a direct competitor to Bell Aliant, in most of its service territory, offers fibre-only service to apartment buildings already served with fibre to every apartment, and to corporate and other campuses. It offers comparable service speeds to Bell Aliant using fibre that generally comes further out towards the subscriber than in Bell copper DSL areas, but which completes the connection using coax. Eastlink operates fibre networks on PEI,[157] in NB and NS.
* The Atlantic First Nation Fibre Optic Project reaches every First Nation in Atlantic Canada and offers fibre to some multi-unit residential and all office buildings in native sovereign territories.[158]
* Execulink Telecom offers FTTP service in select areas of southern Ontario, phone and television services can be bundled with Fibre Internet Access.[159]
* SaskTel is offering FTTP in Saskatchewan called infiNET. It is available in parts (complete coverage by 2023) of Saskatoon, Regina, Estevan, Moose Jaw, Prince Albert, Rosthern (pilot project), Swift Current, Weyburn, Yorkton. New Development in Dundurn, Kindersley, Lloydminster, Martensville, Pilot Butte, Warman, White City/Emerald Park. Coming soon to The Battlefords. SaskTel offers speed packages varying from 20/5 to 300/40 with an add-on package available to "Double Up" a users upload speed.[citation needed]
* WTC Communications of Westport, Ontario has completed full fibre-to-the-home installations in Inverary and Newboro and is completing construction of a full FTTP network in Perth. WTC offers phone, internet access, and IPTV over their fibre network.[5]
* High Speed Crow, one of the largest wireless internet service providers in Winnipeg and rural Manitoba, has started deploying a rural FTTP network with up to 1/1 Gbit/s speeds.
* Valley Fiber has started to deploy FTTH and fibre backbone in the communities of Winkler, Altona, Morris, Carman and other rural areas in South Central Manitoba with current gigabit speeds.
* Island Telecom has started offering FTTH in Summerside and multiple rural areas throughout the province. Speeds range from 100 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s.
* Bell Canada uses the Alcatel-Lucent 7330 ISAM video-ready access device, and provides Internet service via FTTH to 1.5 Gbit/s down and 1 Gbit/s up.[160][irrelevant citation]
* MNSi Telecom is offering FTTP service in the Windsor-Essex area of Southwestern Ontario. Speeds are up to 1 Gbit/s download and 750 Mbit/s upload. MNSi service is already available in many neighbourhoods and continuing to expand[161]
* telMAX is offering FTTH (Residential) & FTTP (Business) services in Brooklin (Whitby, ON) and expanding in Durham Ontario. Fibre internet speeds from 250 Mbits up to 2.5 Gbits upload and download.

### Costa Rica

In Costa Rica:

* Public telecommunications and electricity company Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad, ICE, provides FTTH (Fibra óptica hasta la casa) and FTTP (Mixto fibra óptica y cobre)[162][163]
* Public utilities company JASEC, of the Cartago province also provides FTTH in their coverage area.[164]

### Dominican Republic

In the Dominican Republic:

* Claro offers Fibre to the Premises to multiple areas in Santo Domingo and Santiago de los Caballeros and is in the process of rolling out to more areas in these cities.[165]
* Tricom is in the process of rolling out a fibre network in the country, focusing on the Northern and Eastern regions of the country as well as San Cristóbal.[166]

### Mexico

In Mexico:

* Axtel offers FTTH under the name Axtel X-tremo, providing service in Guadalajara, Monterrey, and Mexico City at speeds up to 200 Mbit/s. In 2012 there were 61,000 customers using FTTH technology.[167]
* TotalPlay offers FTTH in all major markets at speeds up to 500 Mbit/s.[168]
* Telmex Fibra Optica offers FTTH at speeds up to 400 Mbit/s with symmetrical option available.[169][where?][170]
* In 2011, Mexican operator Telmex launched the FTTH service for its customers in Mexico City, and in other major cities in Mexico.
* In December 2019, Megacable started to offer 1 Gbit/s connection for $1299 MXN[citation needed]

### United States

In the United States :

* The largest fiber to the premises (FTTP) deployment to date is Verizon's FiOS. Verizon is the only Regional Bell Operating Company thus far to deploy FTTP on a large scale. Verizon's initial FTTP offering was based on Broadband Passive Optical Network (BPON) technology. Verizon has already upgraded to Gigabit PON or GPON, a faster optical access technology capable of providing 1 Gbit/s speeds to consumers.[citation needed]
* Detroit, Michigan has the highest number of competitors for gigabit internet access to consumers and businesses. (Rocket Fiber, AT&T, Comcast, and MetroNet.)[171]
* North Carolina is offering ultra-fast internet service to homes in its fiber network in High Point and portions of Greensboro. North State will continue to expand its gigabit offering further.[172]
* Several carriers, municipalities, and planned communities across America are deploying smaller fiber networks. Among them are the cities of Bristol, Virginia; Burlington, Vermont; Lafayette, Louisiana; Johnson City, Tennessee; Orono, Maine; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and the six counties around Chattanooga, Tennessee served by its Electric Power Board (which ran the fibre, motivated in part by electricity distribution needs.[173] The city of San Francisco, California has released a feasibility study for government and public broadband via fiber optics.
* Service providers using active FTTP technologies include PAXIO Inc. San Francisco Bay Area;[174] SureWest; iProvo, now Google Fiber; Grant County, Washington; Utah Telecommunication Open Infrastructure Agency (UTOPIA); and Broadweave Networks, now Veracity Networks (Utah).[175] Service providers using passive optical networks include FiOS, AT&T U-verse, and several greenfield development networks. Fastmetrics Inc.[176] provides fiber Internet to businesses, commercial buildings and offices throughout the San Francisco Bay Area and Silicon Valley.
* Google is deploying a gigabit home network called Google Fiber in the Kansas City metropolitan area and various other locations, including Austin, Texas , and Provo, Utah.[177]
* Hotwire Communications deploys Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) technology to provide gigabit speed Internet service to residences, businesses, hotels, universities, institutions and senior and assisted living centers.[178] Gigabit speed Internet, IPTV, and 4K streaming television is available to customers, allowing for high intensity gaming and live-streaming.[179]
* CenturyLink is deploying a gigabit speed internet service using fiber technology in Omaha, Nebraska.[180]
* Peak Internet[181] is deploying a gigabit fiber to the home/business network in Woodland Park, CO.
* Longmont Colorado has deployed fiber citywide through their NextLight project.[182]
* C Spire is deploying a gigabit fiber network to the southern Mississippi area.[183]
* Pend Oreille PUD[184] has connected Fiber Optic to over 4,000 residences in south Pend Oreille County (Washington State).[185]
* In December 2014, 10 Gbit/s Fibre was available to parts of Minneapolis, Minnesota, Making it the world's fastest home internet connection to date.[citation needed]
* Stealth Communications deployed a new fiber optic backbone throughout New York City , offering small businesses 1 Gbit/s symmetrical speeds at $250 a month, and 10 Gbit/s service.[186][187]
* Holland, Michigan has a municipal fiber optic network.

## South America

### Argentina

In Argentina , since its launch in 2000 the telecommunications firm IPlan[188] has offered a fiber optic backbone throughout the city of Buenos Aires, and extending into the provincial capitals of Rosario, La Plata, and Córdoba. They provide Internet, telephone, and value-added services using Cisco's Long Reach Ethernet and Catalyst switches. IPlan's network reaches over 3,000 connected buildings.[189] Retail FTTH is offered from 100 MBit/s to 500 MBit/s along the northern corridor of the city of Buenos Aires.[190]

Other providers of FTTH or Fiber to the premises include Claro,[191] Metrotel,[192] Sion Business,[193] and Phonevision.[194] Providers offer simetric connections of up to 100 Mbit/s, for as little as US$35 for a 30 Mbit/s connection and as much as US$100 for an asymmetric 100 Mbit/s one and US$250 for a symmetric one.

Moreover, state-owned company ArSat has been building a national public access fiber backbone that will cross the whole country. The first half of the backbone will be done by late 2013, while the whole program will be finished by 2015 (16,000 km of fiber optics, for a total backbone of more than 60,000 km), providing subsidized fiber access to disenfranchised communities and ensuring fiber access to most of the country.[195]

### Brazil

In Brazil :

* Vivo, a company owned by Telefónica, launched in São Paulo its FTTH service in 3Q 2007 with initial speeds of 30, 60, and 100 Mbit/s downstream, and 5 Mbit/s upstream. Also available is an IPTV on-demand service and a convergent POTS and mobile pack. In June 2007 Telefónica was reported to have fibre coverage of a potential 400,000 households with 20,000 signed up for service. By the end of 2011, Telefónica planned to increase coverage to roughly one million households and boost its FTTH user base to 70,000, with a long-term plan to have one million fibre customers before 2015.[196] As of April 2020, Vivo has 2.7 million FTTH subscribers in several states and offers plans with speeds up to 300 Mbit/s and 150 Mbit/s upstream.
* The second provider to offer FTTH is Oi Telecomunicações. As of August 2020, Oi has 1.5 million FTTH subscribers in all states but São Paulo and offers plans with speeds up to 400 Mbit/s and 200 Mbit/s upstream, and it's planning to achieve 2 million FTTH subscribers by the end of 2020.
* Global Village Telecom (GVT) launched, in August 2009, FTTH service in 56 cities, including the major markets of Porto Alegre, Curitiba, Belo Horizonte, and Salvador. In October 2010 GVT reported a broadband subscriber base of one million users, around 60% of whom are hooked up to 10 Mbit/s or higher Internet connection.[197] In May 2015 GVT was sold to Vivo.
* TIM Brasil launched in 2012 its FTTC service called Live Tim, in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, currently offering service in several states, with speeds up to 400 Mbit/s downstream and 200 Mbit/s upstream.
* Net Serviços de Comunicação (now renamed Claro) launched in 2014 its FTTH service Net Vírtua in addition to its cable service in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. As of April 2020, Claro has 335,000 FTTH customers around the country and offers speeds up to 500 Mbit/s downstream and 250 Mbit/s upstream.
* Reabra - Brazilian Open Access Network is the first open access network in Brazil.[citation needed] It's offering FTTH/B footprint to several providers challenging big Telcos with aggressive speed/price offer. First to offer residential symmetric gigabit connections, initiating deployment in the city of São Paulo.
* Many smaller ISPs are deploying FTTH service on small and medium cities.[198]

### Chile

In Chile :

* The first provider to offer FTTH was GTD-Manquehue (a subsidiary of Grupo GTD) in a 2006 pilot. This service offers symmetrical 100 Mbit/s and is available only in some sectors of the capital city Santiago. In 2008, following the success of the FTTH pilot, Gtd Manquehue committed to deploy a commercial FTTH network, in certain areas of Vitacura, Santiago. The network will enable Gtd Manquehue to migrate its traditional voice services to Voice over IP (VoIP) and to deliver advanced services such as High Definition Television (HDTV), IP Television (IPTV), Video on Demand (VoD) and high speed Internet access. The network is based on GPON technology (Passive Optical Network Gigabit-capable).[199]
* The second provider is Surnet (a subsidiary of Grupo GTD) that offers Triple Play Plans with speeds up to 100 Mbit/s.[when?] This service is available in the major cities[which?] of the southern regions of Chile.[citation needed]

### Colombia

In December 2013, Colombian operator ETB launched FTTH service in Bogotá D.C. including Internet and IPTV services.[200]

### Ecuador

In Ecuador:

* Telconet is the company that owns most of the fiber infrastructure in Ecuador. They've been offering services for around 18 years. Their clients are mainly big and medium companies that need fiber internet. This company works with Ecuador's government.
* Netlife is a company operating in Ecuador selling FTTH internet to individuals and very small companies. They use Telconet's fiber infrastructure and other equipment in order to provide their service.

### Panama

In Panama, Fiber-to-the-desk (FTTD), Fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC), Fiber-to-the-node (FTTN) and Fiber-to-the-building or basement (FTTB) are all used, depending on the ISP. Interfast, WIPET and others exclusively use FTTD, +Movil uses FTTN or FTTC on DOCSIS and rarely FTTD, Tigo (formerly Cable Onda) uses FTTC and FTTN on DOCSIS and uses FTTD or FTTB in corporate and institutional installations and rarely for residential and commercial customers. Most of the country only has coverage from +Movil and Tigo, making FTTD unusual. There are some corporate-only ISPs, most of which offer either FTTD or FTTB upon customer request. Download speeds for FTTx usually start at 20Mbits/s, but can be as high as 1000Mbits/s or even 10Gbits/s for corporate customers.

### Peru

In Peru, Misticom deployed the first FTTH network in 2013. Starting from the city of Arequipa, the company is also expanding into Lima and the provinces. Misticom operates a 10 Gigabit GPON network with end user speeds ranging from 6 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s. The company provides both business and residential services. Misticom is also the country's first IPTV provider.

### Uruguay

State telecommunications company Antel started deploying FTTH in Montevideo in 2012, aiming to switch 240,000 clients that year with a cost of US$180 million.[201] Previous DSL subscribers keep their contract, or may switch to faster Internet Vera plans: 120/12 Mbit/s for US$65/month, 80/10 Mbit/s for US$52/month, 50/10 Mbit/s for US$40/month, or 20/2 Mbit/s for US$28/month, with lower speeds after a 350 / 250 / 200 GB cap.[202] IP television, voice over IP and connections in the department capitals are expected for 2013 and 2014.

## Oceania

### Australia

The first FTTH network deployed in Australia was delivered in 2001 by Bright Telecommunications – a subsidiary of Western Power, the state power company owned by the Government of Western Australia. Bright Telecommunications initially deployed Fibre to the Curb by Marconi and a point-to-point FTTH solution from Entrasys, but later progressed to a GEPON product from Alloptic. Bright telecommunications was sold to Silk Telecom (now Nextgen Networks) in 2007.

Between 2007 and 2013 the Australian (Labor) Government initiated, and were in the process of rolling out, an A$36.9 billion open-access National Broadband Network comprising GPON-based FTTP services to 93% of the Australian population at speeds up to 1 Gbit/s, with the remainder of the population to be serviced by fixed-wireless and satellite technologies. The network was to be built and operated by a Government Business Enterprise, NBN Co Limited. The Labor Government's plan was for most of the money required to build the NBN to be borrowed, which would then be paid off over 30 years by NBNco using the money it received from each subscriber as part of the fees paid to the commercial Retail Service Providers (RSPs) that sell services over the NBN, with the Labor Government projecting a 7% return on investment for the Government over the 30 years.[203]

Construction began with trial sites in Tasmania in 2009, with the first services commencing in July 2010. The network was scheduled for completion in December 2021.[204][205] The Tasmanian NBN trial sites were operated by Opticomm on behalf of NBN Co.[206]

Under this NBN, customers would have been able to access 5 speed tiers, starting with 12/1 Mbit/s, 25/5 Mbit/s, 25/10 Mbit/s, 50/20 Mbit/s and going up to 100/40 Mbit/s.[207] Future upgrades to 1000/400 Mbit/s are possible with the same network, but with upgrades to the transmission technology at either end of the connection.

Prior to 7 September 2013 Federal Election, the incoming Liberal National Party (LNP) Prime Minister, Tony Abbott declared that "We are absolutely confident 25 megs is going to be enough – more than enough – for the average household" promising to terminate the roll-out of the NBN CO's FTTH network in favour of upgrading Telstra's DSL network.[208]

The Coalition (LNP) government elected in 2013 changed the rollout to include Fibre to the Node (FTTN), Fibre to the Basement (FTTB), and Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC) as part of the LNP Government's so-called Multi Technology Mix (MTM). FTTH will be serviced to 22%, primary Greenfield developments, or areas with serviceable copper or business areas. FTTN, FTTB and HFC will be deployed to 71%. Wireless and satellite will serve the remaining 7% of the population who are located in remote/regional areas and are unable to be serviced by FTTP, FTTN, FTTB or HFC.[209] In 2018, the NBN also launched a Fibre to the Curb (FTTC) network, which aims to provide the same 100/40 Mbit/s performance as the original FTTP network at a lower installation cost.[210]

After the establishment of the National Broadband Network (NBN) project, commercial telcos were formally banned from deploying their own Fibre to the Basement (FTTB) infrastructure in Australia. National broadband companies TPG Telecom and iiNet, as well as the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), have published extensive submissions to the Federal Government rejecting the idea that such planned investments should be blocked or otherwise regulated to support National Broadband Network Co's finances.[211]

### Marshall Islands

Fibre from Guam since 2009.

### Miconesia

Fibre from Guam since 2009.

### New Zealand

In 2009, the Government announced a NZ$1.35 billion public-private Ultra-Fast Broadband partnership with four companies to roll out fibre-to-the-home connection in all main towns and cities with population over 10,000. The programme aims to deliver ultra-fast broadband capable of at least 50 Mbit/s upload and 100 Mbit/s download to 75% of New Zealanders by 2019. FTTH will also be rolled out to large users (including hospitals and schools) outside these areas.[212] Chorus, responsible for the majority of the rollout, later announced the introduction of a 200 Mbit/s and later a gigabit offer in 2016.[213]

Chorus' fibre offerings includes a Gigabit option. Chorus held a competition to name a "Gigatown" where they would provide the winning town with Gigabit residential fibre. This competition was won by Dunedin in November 2014, although as of October 2016 gigabit services are available across all of Chorus' nationwide UFB network. Residential Gigabit fibre broadband has also been deployed by Ultra Fast Fibre in the several cities which they provide with UFB.[214]

As of March 2018[update], the original UFB project is 89% complete, with fibre available to 1,300,914 households and businesses, of which 550,314 (42.3%) have connected.[215]

In August 2017 the NZ government announced an expansion of the UFB programme to cover smaller towns and communities. By the end of 2022, 87% of the New Zealand population will be able to receive fibre-to-the-premises broadband at up to 4 Gbit/s speeds.[216]

Telecom New Zealand (Now Spark), the major telecommunications company in New Zealand, started a FTTP trial dubbed Next Generation Broadband (NGB) in Flat Bush, a new subdivision in South Auckland in May 2006. The NGB provides up to 30 Mbit/s downstream speeds over a Passive Optical Network (PON) with the only cost to the customers during the trial being a NZ$50 activation fee.[217] This trial network was merged into the UFB network in 2013.[218] Vector Communications provides business grade FTTP in wider regions of Auckland CBD and Wellington CBD, and extended network of over 770 km. FTTP services are available from Citylink in Wellington and the pricing makes it suitable for businesses only.

In November 2019, Chorus announced that 2 Gbit/s and 4 Gbit/s speed options will be available to everyone on their network by the end of September 2020, with an 8 Gbit/s speed option planned in the future.

## See also

* Fiber in the loop
* Fiber to the x
* Global Internet access
* Hybrid fibre-coaxial
* Internet access
* Next-generation access

## References

1. ↑ "Fiber Packages"
2. ↑ "Zuku Coverage"
3. ↑ "JTL Faiba". https://www.faiba4g.co.ke/#home.
4. ↑ "Faiba Home". https://www.faiba4g.co.ke/products/home.
5. ↑ "Faiba Business". https://www.faiba4g.co.ke/products/business.
6. ↑ "33 Counties Already on Government Fibre Optic Network" , Marybeth Wangui, The Star, 19 November 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
7. ↑ "National Optical Fibre Backbone Infrastructure (NOFBI) Routes 27-6-2011" , Steve Song, Scribd, 27 June 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
8. ↑ "Telkom Kenya’s NOFBI management extended" , Nick Sato, HumanIPO, 10 July 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
9. ↑ "FTTH/B Global Ranking - Sep 2017" ISPreview.co.uk Retrieved 6 June 2018.
10. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions" Bharat Telecom Ltd.
11. ↑ "my.t home - TV & Fibre Broadband offers" Mauritius Telecom Ltd.
12. ↑ https://www.icasa.org.za/uploads/files/State-of-the-ICT-Sector-Report-March-2020.pdf
13. ↑ "Spark - High speed fiber internet for homes". http://www.spark.co.tz.
14. ↑ "Zimbabwe, China clinch FTTH deal". http://www.telecompaper.com/news/zimbabwe-china-clinch-ftth-deal--1116805.
15. ↑ "Huawei and Telekom Brunei in FTTH deal". Global Telecoms Business. 26 October 2010. http://www.globaltelecomsbusiness.com/Article/2699250/Regions/25186/Huawei-and-Telekom-Brunei-in-FTTH-deal.html.
16. ↑ "Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem". https://www.techinasia.com/china-top-world-fiberoptic-broadband-penetration-2017.
17. ↑ "China Internet Network information Center. The 44th Survey Report.". https://cnnic.com.cn/IDR/ReportDownloads/201911/P020191112539794960687.pdf.
18. ↑ "Welcome To Beam Fiber". Beamtele.com. http://www.beamtele.com/.
19. ↑ "Airtel FTTH plans". telecomadda. http://telecomadda.com/2012/08/12/airtel-now-offers-16mbps-100mbps-fibrenet-broadband-plans/.
20. ↑ http://www.oodoo.co.in/
21. ↑ "Spectra Launches 1 Gbps Broadband Plan for Delhi-NCR Residents - Telecom Talk". https://telecomtalk.info/spectra-1gbps-broadband-plan-delhi-ncr-residents/170704/.
22. ↑ "Andhra Pradesh State Fibernet set to offer video streaming". The New Indian Express (New Indian Express). 5 December 2018. http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2018/dec/06/ap-fibernet-set-to-offer-video-streaming-1907968.html.
23. ↑ "Reliance Jio Fiber FTTH Gigabit Broadband with Speeds up to 1Gbps". 5 September 2016. http://techpp.com/2016/09/05/reliance-jio-fiber-ftth-launch/.
24. ↑ "Reliance Jio next big plan: Disrupt market with 1Gbps broadband service" (in en). http://indiatoday.intoday.in/technology/story/reliance-jio-next-big-plan-disrupt-market-with-1gbps-broadband-service/1/809046.html.
25. ↑ "Number of Broadband Service Contracts, Etc.", Press Release, Telecommunications Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), 18 December 2007
26. ↑ "Connections to Broadband Networks", Press Release, Telecommunications Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC)
27. ↑ Reading 12/2/2003, News Wire Feed Light. "PacketFront Broadbands Malaysia" (in en). https://www.lightreading.com/cable-video/packetfront-broadbands-malaysia/d/d-id/597508.
28. ↑ "Promotions & Packages". https://www.tm.com.my/Home/broadband/unifi/home/Pages/packages-VIP.aspx.
29. ↑ "TM LAUNCHES ITS NEW LOOK TMPOINT OUTLET AND UNVEILS ITS NEW UNIFI PRO PLAN" (in en-GB). https://www.tm.com.my/AboutTM/NewsRelease/Pages/TM-LAUNCHES-ITS-NEW-LOOK-TMPOINT-OUTLET-AND-UNVEILS-ITS-NEW-UNIFI-PRO-PLAN.aspx.
30. ↑ http://www.maxis.com.my/en/personal/internet/maxis-fibre-internet.html
31. ↑ "Malaysia's Most Affordable 4G Plan For Home - P1 OnePlan". http://www.p1.com.my/oneplan/.
32. ↑ "Nayatel is Launching FTTH Broadband in Faisalabad in Two Weeks". 2016-11-01. https://propakistani.pk/2016/11/01/nayatel-launching-ftth-broadband-faisalabad-two-weeks/.
33. ↑ http://nayatel.com/internet/connect-packages/
34. ↑ "PTCL brings fiber to the home service for its customers". http://www.ptcl.com.pk/press_release_detail.php?pd_id=69&pr_id=119.
35. ↑ "PTCL Offers 100Mbps Broadband for Rs. 26,000 in Limited Areas". 22 April 2013. https://propakistani.pk/2013/04/22/ptcl-offers-100mbps-broadband-for-rs-26000-in-limited-areas/.
36. ↑ "Fiberlink – Get Connected". http://fiberlink.net.pk/.
37. ↑ "Storm Fiber". https://www.stormfiber.com/.
38. ↑ "WFibre | Wateen Telecom Limited". http://www.wateen.com/residential-broadband/wfibre/.
39. ↑ "Optix – Plans & Prices". http://optix.pk/packages/.
40. ↑ "Overview - Transworld Enterprise Services" (in en-US). Transworld Enterprise Services. https://tes.com.pk/gpon/overview/.
41. ↑ "Welcome to the Brain!". http://www.brain.net.pk/.
42. ↑ "PLDT to launch fiber-optic broadband service", ABS-CBN News, 28 May 2009
43. ↑ "ViewQwest Black explained: A breakdown of ViewQwest's "end-to-end" 10Gbps home fiber broadband service" (in en). http://www.hardwarezone.com.sg/feature-viewqwest-black-explained-breakdown-viewqwests-end-end-10gbps-home-fiber-broadband-service.
44. ↑ hermes (2016-03-09). "ViewQwest is latest to offer 10Gbps plan" (in en). The Straits Times. http://www.straitstimes.com/tech/pcs/viewqwest-is-latest-to-offer-10gbps-plan.
45. ↑ "ViewQwest Pte Ltd". http://www.viewqwest.com/vqlp/vqblack/index.html.
46. ↑ "SuperInternet 10GE to The Home". http://www.super.net.sg/resi_10ge.html.
47. ↑ "Home & Fibre Broadband - Best Broadband Deals | M1". https://www.m1.com.sg/personal/home-broadband.
48. ↑ "Fibre BroadBand Plans | Singtel" (in en). https://www.singtel.com/personal/i/internet/broadband-at-home/fibre-broadband-plans.
49. ↑ "Pricing - MyRepublic Limited" (in en-US). MyRepublic Limited. https://myrepublic.net/sg/pricing/.
50. ↑ "Fibre Broadband Service | StarHub Home Broadband". http://www.starhub.com/personal/home/home-broadband/fibre-broadband-plans.html.
51. ↑ Imosh, Shashika. "SLT Launches first 100 Mbps FTTH Broadband in Sri Lanka". http://www.news.lk/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=258:slt-launches-first-100-mbps-Download-50mbps.
52. ↑ Andorra Telecom, website. Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist. (English translation)
53. ↑ "België telt helft meer glasvezelaansluitingen dan jaar geleden" (in nl). Knack. 16 February 2018. https://datanews.knack.be/ict/nieuws/belgie-telt-helft-meer-glasvezelaansluitingen-dan-jaar-geleden/article-normal-965489.html.
54. ↑ "Proximus begint met uitrol van glasvezel in nog eens zeven Belgische steden" (in nl). Tweakers. 20 March 2019. https://tweakers.net/nieuws/150490/proximus-begint-met-uitrol-van-glasvezel-in-nog-eens-zeven-belgische-steden.html.
55. ↑ [1] ("High-speed optical Internet home"), MobilTel. Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist. (English translation)
56. ↑ "FiberNet map coverage", VivaOnline, Vivacom
57. ↑ "Ericsson has signed the first GPON contract in Europe with CYTA in Cyprus". Marketwire (SYS-CON Media). 11 July 2007. http://www.sys-con.com/read/400473.htm.
58. ↑ Skutečné FTTH poprvé v Praze (Real FTTH first time in Prague) Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist., Raycom Telekomunikace, Paul Elias, 2006. (English translation)
59. ↑ [2] Centrio launches 1Gb/s connection
60. ↑ "NETBOX" (in cs). Netbox.cz. 2009. http://www.netbox.cz.
61. ↑ "Valitse laajakaistapalvelusi Soneralta!" (Select broadband services Sonera), Sonera. (English translation)
62. ↑ "Anvia bygger kundorienterat fibernät" ("Anvia based customer-oriented fiber"), 27 April 2010. Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist. (English translation)
63. ↑ "Broadband and Superfast Broadband Market". 5 September 2019. https://en.arcep.fr/news/press-releases/p/n/broadband-and-superfast-broadband-market-3.html.
64. ↑ "Le premier réseau FTTH de la Réunion inauguré" (in fr). 19 June 2013. http://www.linfo.re/Societe/510345-Le-1er-reseau-FTTH-de-La-Reunion-inaugure.
65. ↑ "Mont Roquefeuille, premier quartier d'outre-mer équipé d'un réseau très haut débit en fibre optique" (in fr). 19 June 2013. http://reunion.la1ere.fr/2013/06/19/mont-roquefeuille-premier-quartier-d-outre-mer-equipe-dun-reseau-tres-haut-debit-en-fibre-optique-42735.html.
66. ↑ "Zeop déploie la fibre optique à domicile, une première à la Réunion" (in fr). 19 June 2013. http://www.zinfos974.com/Zeop-deploie-la-fibre-optique-a-domicile-une-premiere-a-la-Reunion_a58210.html.
67. ↑ "Un nouveau pas vers le très haut débit à La Réunion»" (in fr). 19 June 2013. http://www.ipreunion.com/actualites/reportage/2013/06/19/internet-un-nouveau-pas-vers-le-tres-haut-debit-a-la-reunion,20792.html.
68. ↑ "Εργο 2,1 δισ. ευρώ για υποδομές σε δίκτυα οπτικών ινών νέας γενιάς (HeErgo 2.1 billion for infrastructure in new fiber networks geniasllo, world!) 0" (in el). Το Βήμα. 4 September 2008. http://internetempresarialdedicado.com.
69. ↑ "PFS Tölfræðaskýrsla 2018". 1 June 2019. https://www.pfs.is/library/Skrar/Tolfraedi/Tolfraediskyrslur-PFS/Tölfræðiskýrsla_ 2018_meðForsíðu.pdf.
70. ↑ "593/141 þál. (samhlj.): tólf ára fjarskiptaáætlun fyrir árin 2011–2022" (in is). https://www.althingi.is/altext/141/s/0593.html. [verification needed]
71. ↑ "Stjórnarráðið | Ísland ljóstengt" (in is). https://www.stjornarradid.is:443/verkefni/samgongur-og-fjarskipti/fjarskiptasjodur/island-ljostengt/.
72. ↑ "Miklar framkvæmdir og fleiri viðskiptavinir" (in is). 2018-08-31. https://www.ljosleidarinn.is/frettir/miklar-framkvaemdir-og-fleiri-vidskiptavinir.
73. ↑ http://fibrerollout.ie/where-and-when/ OpenEir Fibre Rollout site
74. ↑ http://siro.ie/faq/ SIRO FAQ
75. ↑ Michael Carroll, "Italy gets fiber back on track" , Telecoms EMEA, 20 September 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
76. ↑ "Pirelli Broadband Solutions, the technology partner of fastweb network Ngan" , VoipBlogger Under, Free VoIP Call Solutions blog. Retrieved 12 July 2013. [better source needed]
77. ↑ "Archived copy". http://fibertothewhatever.com/wp/news/telecom-italia-rolls-out-100-mbps-ftth-services-in-catania.
78. ↑ "Sierre-Energie :: Sierre". http://www.siesa.ch.
79. ↑ Vario, website, Vario Fibre Optique Network. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
80. ↑ "Consultazione Pubblica Banda Ultra Larga". http://www.infratelitalia.it/news/risultati-seconda-fase-consultazione-pubblica-banda-ultralarga-2015/.
81. ↑ "La banda ultra larga nelle Aree Bianche: il piano lavori" (in it-IT). https://openfiber.it/area-infratel/informazioni-generali/.
82. ↑ "Mappa dei Comuni raggiunti dalla rete BUL nelle Aree Bianche" (in it-IT). https://openfiber.it/area-infratel/piano-copertura/.
83. ↑ Lattelecom Operator Profile
84. ↑ "Saulkalnē pieejams Lattelecom optiskais internets (Lattelecom's fibre internet is available in Saulkalne)" (in lv). 16 January 2013. http://www.riga24.lv/zinas/46/178881.
85. ↑ "KEY OPERATING FIGURES". http://www.teo.lt/en/oper_figures-1969.html.
86. ↑ "FTTH European Ranking 2009 (Slides 22 and 23)", Fiber to the Home Council: Europe, 24 February 2010
87. ↑ https://www.go.com.mt/true-fibre/
88. ↑ "Max Optic Packages" Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist., Makedonski Telekom. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
89. ↑ "EVOLUŢIA PIEŢEI DE COMUNICAŢII ELECTRONICE în anul 2017; ANRCETI". Anrceti.md. http://anrceti.md/files/filefield/2017_EvPiata_Raport.pdf.
90. ↑ "FTTx Plans", Moldtelcom. (English translation)
91. ↑ "FTTx Plans", StarNet.
92. ↑ "Information about the state of electronic communications market in January 2015 - Internet", Montenegrin Agency for Electronic Communications and Postal Services
93. ↑ "Information about the state of electronic communications market in January 2015 - FTTx Connections", Montenegrin Agency for Electronic Communications and Postal Services
94. ↑ http://www.concepts.nl/glasvezel-deventer
95. ↑ "Jobs: Nord-Trøndelag Electricity Works (NTE)". Karriereguiden.no. http://www.karriereguiden.no/nord-trondelag-elektrisitetsverk-nte-e-75248.html.
96. ↑ Słomski, Damian (9 February 2017). "Światłowód Orange w zasięgu 1,5 mln klientów. Korzysta 100 tys." (in pl). Warszawa: Grupa Wirtualna Polska S.A.. http://www.money.pl/gospodarka/wiadomosci/artykul/orange-internet-swiatlowod-ftth-szybkosc,36,0,2260004.html.
97. ↑ "NOS" (NOS), NOS
98. ↑ "Pura Fibra" (Pure Fiber), Optimus Clix
99. ↑ "Meo Fiber" . (English translation)
100. ↑ Targo Telekom, website. Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist. (English translation)
101. ↑ "" SBB NAJAVLJUJE FIBER POWER – PAKETE NA OPTIČKOJ INFRASTRUKTURI ZA REZIDENCIJALNE KORISNIKE" (SBB announces Fiber Power offer on optical infrastructure for residential users)". Serbia Broadband (SBB. 21 June 2012. http://www.sbb.rs/Vesti/5286/SBB+najavljuje+Fiber+Power+–+pakete+na+optickoj+infrastrukturi+za+rezidencijalne+korisnike.shtml. (english translation)
102. ↑ Bonet, website, BONET Group s.r.o. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
103. ↑ Vnet, website, Vnet s.r.o. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
104. ↑ Batagelj, Bostjan (2013). "Deployment of Fiber-to-the-Home in the Slovenian Telecommunications Market". Fiber and Integrated Optics 32 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1080/01468030.2012.760686. Bibcode: 2013FiIO...32....1B.
105. ↑ "Orange increases its FTTH coverage ambition in Spain to reach 14 million households by 2020 - orange.com". http://www.orange.com/en/Press-and-medias/press-releases-2015/Orange-increases-its-FTTH-coverage-ambition-in-Spain-to-reach-14-million-households-by-2020.
106. ↑ http://www.gitpa.es/es_ES/web/guest/despliegue
107. ↑ "Fiber From The "X" approach (FFTX)", Bottom Up Broadband (BuB) for Europe. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
108. ↑ https://www.telefonica.com/es/web/sala-de-prensa/-/movistar-lanza-la-fibra-hasta-1-gbps-para-incrementar-la-velocidad-de-navegacion
109. ↑ "CNMCData - Informe Mensual". http://data.cnmc.es/datagraph/jsp/inf_men.jsp.
110. ↑ https://www.xatakamovil.com/comparativa-de-tarifas/mejores-tarifas-baratas-fibra-movil
111. ↑ https://blog.digimobil.es/llega-pro-digi-la-fibra-mas-rapida-del-pais-va-por-libre/
112. ↑ "Telia Bredband" (Telia Broadband), Telia. (English translation)
113. ↑ "Optical fiber deployment", Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM), Swiss Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC). Retrieved 2 November 2013.
114. ↑ "Swisscom invests in Switzerland's future: superfast broadband expansion and surfing speeds of up to 1 Gbps" , Swisscom Press Release, 12 September 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
115. ↑ "Deployment of optical fiber in Switzerland" , Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM), Swiss Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC), 14 June 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
116. ↑ "Capacity Media". https://www.capacitymedia.com/articles/3795683/Xavier-Niels-Swiss-operator-Salt-Mobile-offers-10Gbps-fibre-connections.
117. ↑ "Salt Fiber". https://fiber.salt.ch/en/offer-en/.
118. ↑ "Tellcom'dan QuikNet'le evlere Fiber Optik bağlantı ile 5 Mbit/sn hızında kotasız hizmet aylık 29 Ytl". http://www.donanimhaber.com/tm.asp?m=19889303.
119. ↑ "Fiber İnternet Nedir?" (What is a Fiber Optic Internet?), Turkcell Superonline. (English translation)
120. ↑ ""SUPERONLINE'DAN ADİL KULLANIM KOŞULLARI : LİMİTSİZE DE LİMİT !!!" (Superonline Fair Terms of Use: In limit unlimited!!!)". Donanimhaber.com. http://forum.donanimhaber.com/m_38464941/tm.htm.
121. ↑ "Superonline Adil Kullanım Koşullarını Protesto Ediyoruz!" (Terms of Use Superonline fair protest!), Facebook
122. ↑ "Superonline". http://img.donanimhaber.com/upfiles/25877/098579C1C54448C2B95937E9B78E578E.jpg.
123. ↑ "Şikayet No:617911". http://www.sikayetvar.com/sikayet/no/617911/g/SUPERONLINE Adil Kullanim Denildi Fakat Aldatildik.
124. ↑ "Ücretlendirme | Yardım - Turkcell Superonline". SuperOnline.net. http://www.superonline.net/yardim-detay?h=41.
125. ↑ "i3 Group Official site". I3-group.co.uk. http://www.i3-group.co.uk/.
126. ↑ Wakefield, Jane (23 January 2008). "UK homes to get super-fast fibre". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7202396.stm.
127. ↑ "1Gbit/sec broadband lands in London", Stewart Mitchell, PC Pro (Dennis Publishing), 19 October 2011.
128. ↑ "Gigler launches Gigabit fibre service in Bournemouth", Andrew Ferguson, Think Broadband, 4 October 2012
129. ↑ "B4RN: The World's Fastest Rural Broadband". http://b4rn.org.uk/.
130. ↑ "Network - CityFibre". https://www.cityfibre.com/network/.
131. ↑ "Truespeed: How it works". https://www.truespeed.com/how-it-works/.
132. ↑ "Gigaclear story | Gigaclear". gigaclear.com. https://www.gigaclear.com/gigaclear-story.
133. ↑ 133.0 133.1 "TalkTalk Connects First Businesses To 1Gbps FTTP In York", Steve McCaskill, TechWeekEurope, 23 September 2015.
134. ↑ "BT aimed to get true fibre to 25% of UK. The actual figure? 0.7%". http://www.alphr.com/news/broadband/391612/bt-aimed-to-get-true-fibre-to-25-of-uk-the-actual-figure-0-7.
135. ↑ "BT superfast home fibre plans fall behind schedule. Again", Kelly Fiveash, 6 October 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
136. ↑ "BT reveals ultra-fast cable blowing plan for homes, biz", Kelly Fiveash, The Register, 3 February 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
137. ↑ "Connected Nations 2015". 26 September 2016. http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/news/connected-nations-report/.
138. ↑ "Project Lightning - Virgin Media". http://www.virginmedia.com/corporate/about-us/our-key-projects.html.
139. ↑ "Broadband coverage in Europe (July 2017) (Final report)". http://www.czechcompete.cz/files/uploads/News/7502/BroadbandCoverageinEurope2017_Final_Reportpdf.pdf.
140. ↑ "Connected Nations Update - Spring 2019". https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/146613/connected-nations-update-spring-2019.pdf.
141. ↑ "Full fibre - Hull shows the way". BBC News (BBC). 10 October 2019. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-49995406.
142. ↑ "Israel sets its sites on its own National Broadband Network". The Australian. AP. 27 January 2012. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/australian-it/israel-sets-its-sites-on-its-own-national-broadband-network/story-e6frgakx-1226254885060?sv=694291b7ec5f7d934c63fa700a94f983.
143. ↑ "מיזם הסיבים IBC: דוחה תשלומים של 50 מיליון שקל לחברת חשמל". http://www.themarker.com/technation/1.3138554.
144. ↑ "Kuwait selects Alcatel for Broadband Fiber Network", TVover.net weblog, 23 August 2005
145. ↑ "Fiber to the Home in Kuwait – Part 2", Don Veto – Reviews and Words of Wisdom, blogspot.com, 21 September 2006
146. ↑ "Bassil unveils study to install high speed fiber-optic Internet cables", The Daily Star (Lebanon), 28 April 2009
147. ↑ "Qatar's Digital Highway to the Future". Supreme Council of Information & Communication Technology – Qatar. 17 May 2011. http://www.ictqatar.qa/en/news-events/news/qatar’s-digital-highway-future.
148. ↑ "Mohammed Al Mannai Named CEO of Qatar National Broadband Network". Supreme Council of Information & Communication Technology – Qatar. 5 June 2011. http://www.ictqatar.qa/en/news-events/news/mohammed-al-mannai-named-ceo-qatar-national-broadband-network.
149. ↑ "Qnbn Holds First Meeting". Press Release. Qnbn. 3 March 2012. http://qnbn.qa/qnbn_release/q-nbn-holds-first-board-meeting/.
150. ↑ Odiabat, Husam (27 March 2010). "STC provides its customers with 100 megabyte internet through FTTH technology". AME Info. http://www.ameinfo.com/227851.html.
151. ↑ "Norvu FibrNet", Norvus. Retrieved 19 February 2018
152. ↑ "UrbanFibre - Internet". https://urbanfibre.ca/internet/.
153. ↑ FIBRESTREAM.CA. "Internet, Home Phone and TV Services for your Condo - FibreStream, Inc.". https://www.fibrestream.ca/getfibre.
154. ↑ "Fibre to the Home" , Wightman Telecom. Retrieved 3 September 2012
155. ↑ "The HuronTel Home: Fibre to the Home and Fibre to the Curb initiative", HuronTel. Retrieved 3 September 2012
156. ↑ "Fibe Internet - fastest unlimited fibre-optic speeds - Bell Aliant". http://aliant.bell.ca/Bell_Internet/Internet_access.
157. ↑ "EastLink questions province’s fibre optic investment", Ryan Ross, The Guardian, 12 October 2010.
158. ↑ "Atlantic First Nation Fibre Optic Project", Atlantic Canada's First Nation Help Desk and Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada
159. ↑ "Fibre High Speed Internet", Execulink Telecom. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
160. ↑ "Bell Internet Packages", Bell Canada. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
161. ↑ https://www.mnsi.net
162. ↑ "Cobertura ICE Kölbi Fibra Óptica". https://www.kolbi.cr/wps/portal/kolbi_dev/hogares/asistencia/cobertura-fibra-optica.
163. ↑ Mora, María José (30 August 2019). "Vecinos de Heredia y Alajuela ya cuentan con fibra óptica del ICE". https://www.larepublica.net/noticia/vecinos-de-heredia-y-alajuela-ya-cuentan-con-fibra-optica-del-ice.
164. ↑ "JASE Infocomuinicaciones". http://www.infocomunicacionesjasec.go.cr/index.php/services/soluciones-empresariales/fibra-optica.
165. ↑ "Fibra Óptica" (in es), Claro, http://contenido.claro.com.do/wps/portal/do/pc/personas/internet/internet_fibra_optica, retrieved 18 April 2013
166. ↑ "Tricom con nueva red de Fibra Óptica" (in es), Claro, http://www.tricom.net/SiteArticlesview.aspx?ArticleID=108, retrieved 18 April 2013
167. ↑ "Nuestra Empresa" (Our Company) Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist., AXTEL. Retrieved 3 September 2012. (English translation)
168. ↑ "Totalplay home page" Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist., Totalplay. Retrieved 3 September 2012. (English translation)
169. ↑ "La Red de Fibra Óptica más grande del país, llega a tu hogar" (The Country's Largest Fiber Optic Network is coming to your home) Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist., Telmex. Retrieved 3 September 2012. (English translation)
170. ↑ "Paquetes de internet Infinitum, teléfono y Netflix". https://telmex.com/web/hogar/paquetes-de-internet-con-netflix.
171. ↑ Frank Witsil and JC Reindl, Detroit Free Press (2015-12-26). "Internet speed wars heating up in Michigan". Detroit Free Press. http://www.freep.com/story/money/business/2015/12/26/internet-speed-wars-comcast-rocket-fiber/76334670/.
172. ↑ " North State,18
173. ↑ "EPB Deploys America’s Fastest Fiber-optic Smart Grid", Lee Baker, Electric Energy Online, Electric Energy Publications Inc. (Jaguar Media)
174. ↑ "PAXIO Inc. homepage". Paxio, Inc.. http://www.paxio.com.
175. ↑ "Corporate History". Veracity Networks. http://corporate.veracitynetworks.com/corporate-history.html.
176. ↑ "Fiber Optic Internet Service San Francisco Bay Area". http://www.fastmetrics.com/fiber-optic-internet.php.
177. ↑ "Welcome to Fiber Cities". Google Incorporated. https://fiber.google.com/cities/#header=check.
178. ↑ "The Ultimate All-In-One Residential Experience". Hotwire Communications. http://hotwirecommunications.com/fisionhome/.
179. ↑ "Future-Proof Fiber Optics". Hotwire Communications. http://hotwirecommunications.com/technology/.
180. ↑ Christopher Freeburn (2013-05-02). "CenturyLink Joins Gigabit Internet Game". InvestorPlace Media, LLC. http://investorplace.com/2013/05/centurylink-joins-gigabit-internet-game/.
181. ↑ "Broadband Internet, Digital Voice & More - Peak Internet". http://www.peakinter.net/.
182. ↑ "City of Longmont, Colorado : Longmont is Building a Gigabit City". http://longmontcolorado.gov/departments/departments-e-m/longmont-power-communications/broadband-service.
183. ↑ "C Spire Fiber to the Home - 1 Gbps Internet, HDTV and Home Phone". http://www.cspire.com/fiberhome/.
184. ↑ "Community Network System". http://www.cnsfiber.com.
185. ↑ "Fiber Optic Connections Steadily Increasing". http://popud.org/fiber-optic-connections-steadily-increasing-2.
186. ↑ "Shared Business Internet Access - Gigabit Fiber - Stealth". https://stealth.net/services/fiber/nyc/gigabit/shared.
187. ↑ "Small Business Gigabit Internet Fiber". Stealth Communications. https://stealth.net/services/fiber/nyc/gigabit/shared.
188. ↑ "Acerca de IPLAN" (About IPLAN) Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist., IPLAN website. Retrieved 3 September 2012. (English translation)
189. ↑ "Son más de 3 mil los edificios cableados por iPlan en el microcentro" (More than 3000 buildings wired by iPlan in downtown) Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist., CanalAR, 2 August 2006. (English translation)
190. ↑ "iPlan Liv". iPlan. http://www.iplanliv.com.ar/.
191. ↑ "Fibra Óptica" Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist., Claro. Retrieved 24 July 2013. (English translation)
192. ↑ "Nueva conexión a Internet Simétrica por Óptica" Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist., Metrotel. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
193. ↑ "Enlaces Dedicados" (Dedicated links) Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist., Sion Business. Retrieved 24 July 2013. (English translation)
194. ↑ "Internet Residencial" Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist., PhoneVision. Retrieved 24 July 2013. (English translation)
195. ↑ "Federal Fiber-Optic Network", Arsat. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
196. ↑ "Telefonica expands Brazilian FTTH coverage", TeleGeography, 27 June 2011
197. ↑ "Global Village Telecom boasts one million broadband users", TeleGeography, 12 October 2010
198. ↑ "Panorama para a expansão de fibra óptica no Brasil em 2016 - Cianet". 13 April 2016. http://www.cianet.com.br/panorama-para-a-expansao-de-fibra-optica-no-brasil-em-2016/.
199. ↑ "Our History", Grupo Gtd. Retrieved 3 September 2012
200. ↑ "La ETB lanza fibra óptica en Bogotá esta semana", Diario La República, 9 December 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
201. ↑ Antel llevará fibra óptica a 240.000 hogares en 2012 – El País, 1 February 2012
202. ↑ Planes de Internet – Antel
203. ↑ "Australian Government - Parliamentrary Library - Briefing Book - Broadband". http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook44p/Broadband.
204. ↑ Rodgers, Emma (12 August 2010), "Big gig: NBN to be 10 times faster", ABC News, http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/08/12/2980752.htm, retrieved 27 April 2011
205. ↑ NBN Co (15 December 2010), Corporate Plan 2011–2013, NBN Co Limited, p. 12, http://www.nbnco.com.au/assets/documents/nbn-co-3-year-gbe-corporate-plan-final-17-dec-10.pdf, retrieved 1 June 2011
206. ↑ "Latest Topics - ZDNet". http://www.zdnet.com.au/opticomm-scores-tas-nbn-deal-339300035.htm.
207. ↑ NBN Co. "Wholesale Speeds / NBN Co". http://www.nbnco.com.au/sell-nbn-services/products-services-pricing/Product-identifier/wholesale-speeds.html.
208. ↑ ""Abbott: 25Mbps broadband 'more than enough' for Australia", AAP, published by ZDNet, 9 April 2013"]. http://www.zdnet.com/au/abbott-25mbps-broadband-more-than-enough-for-australia-7000013721/.
209. ↑ Malcolm Turnbull MHR (15 April 2013), The Coalition's Plan for Fast Broadband and An Affordable NBN, Liberal Party of Australia, p. 6, http://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/assets/Broadband.pdf, retrieved 7 October 2013
210. ↑ Reichert, Corinne. "NBN launches FttC network" (in en). https://www.zdnet.com/article/nbn-launches-fttc-network/.
211. ↑ LeMay, Renai (19 March 2014). "TPG, iiNet, ACCC support competitive FTTB rollouts". Delimiter. http://delimiter.com.au/2014/03/19/tpg-iinet-accc-support-competitive-fttb-rollouts.
212. ↑ "Ultra-Fast Broadband Initiative". Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. http://www.med.govt.nz/sectors-industries/technology-communication/fast-broadband/ultra-fast-broadband-initiative.
213. ↑ "Snap and Chorus deliver double quick UFB at 200mbps". UFB.org.nz. http://ufb.org.nz/snap-and-chorus-deliver-double-quick-ufb-at-200mbps/.
214. ↑ "Gigabit fibre in Hamilton, Tauranga and more". UFB.org.nz. http://ufb.org.nz/gigabit-residential-ufb-fibre-coming-to-hamilton-tauranga-wanganui-more/.
215. ↑ http://www.mbie.govt.nz/info-services/sectors-industries/technology-communications/fast-broadband/documents-image-library/03-mar-quarterly-broadband-update.pdf
216. ↑ "What". https://www.crowninfrastructure.govt.nz/rural/what/.
217. ↑ "Telecom to learn from small fibre to houses pilot", Juha Saarinen and Stephen Bell, Computerworld New Zealand, 2 September 2006
218. ↑ "Fibre Subdivisions". Chorus. http://www.chorus.co.nz/fibre-subdivisions.

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