Fair debt collection

Fair debt collection broadly refers to regulation of the United States debt collection industry at both the federal and state level. At the Federal level, it is primarily governed by the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA).[1] In addition, many U.S. states also have debt collection laws that regulate the credit and collection industry and give consumer debtors protection from abusive and deceptive practices.[2] Many state laws track the language of the FDCPA, so that they are sometimes referred to as mini-FDCPAs.[3]

Laws regulating telemarketing and phone solicitation can also apply to debt collection practices, including the Federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (TCPA).[4]

## Contents

* 1 State regulation
* 1.1 Collection laws
* 2 See also
* 3 References

## State regulation

U.S. state laws on fair debt collection generally fall into two categories: laws which require persons who are collecting debts from consumers to be licensed, registered or bonded in order to collect from consumers in their states, and laws that protect consumers from specific unfair practices by debt collectors, which may include collection agencies and sometimes original creditors.[2] Unlike the FDCPA, many state laws also apply to the debt collection activity of original creditors, thus providing greater protections to consumers than the Federal FDCPA.

Although not all states have such laws, some states track violations of debt collection practices laws. Some states bar debt collectors from engaging in collection activity against residents of the state unless the collection agency has complied with state licensing or bonding requirements, while others exempt out-of-state collectors from those requirements. Many state fair debt collection laws provide for a private right of action (consumers can sue the debt collector) by consumers against debt collectors that violate their provisions.[5]

Examples of prohibitions of unfair practices by collectors include contacting employers after having been given notice not to do so, pretending to be a government agency, pretending to be an attorney or falsely threatening a debtor with a lawsuit.

### Collection laws

The following states have their own debt collection laws, which can be found here:

* Alabama: Ala. Code Sec. 40-12-80[6]
* Alaska: Alaska Stat. Sec. 08.24.041-08.24.380;[7] Alaska Stat. Sec. 45.50.471.[8]
* Arizona: Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. sec. 32-1001 - 1057[9]
* Arkansas: Ark. Stat. Ann. Sec. 17-24-101 -404[10]
* California: Cal. Civ. Code Sec. 1788-1788.33,[11] 1812.700 - .702[12]
* Colorado: Colo. Rev. Stat. Sec. 5-1-101 - 5-12-105; Sec. 12-04-101 -137
* Connecticut: Conn. Gen Stat. Sec. 36a-645 - -647[13]
* Delaware: Del. Code Ann. tit. 30, Sec. 2301(a)(12)[14]
* Florida: Fla. Stat. Sec. 559.55-.785[15]
* Georgia: Ga. Code. Ann. Sec. 7-3-1 -29[16]
* Hawaii: Haw. Rev. Stat. Sec. 443B-1 -20;[17] Sec. 480D-1 et seq.[18]
* Idaho: Idaho Code Sec. 26-222 -2251[19]
* Illinois: 225 Ill. Comp. Stat. 425/1 to /25[20]
* Indiana: Ind. Code Ann.Sec. 25-11-1-1 to -13;[21] Sec. 24-4.55-107[22]
* Iowa: Iowa Code Ann. Sec. 537.7101 -.7103[23]
* Kansas: Kan. Stat. Ann. Sec. 16a-5-107[24]
* Kentucky: Ky. rev. Stat. ann. Sec. 24A-240[25] (re: CA in small claims ct)
* Louisiana: La.rev.Stat. Sec. 9:3576.1 -3576.24; Sec. 9:3557-9:3562[26]
* Maine: Me.Rev.Stat.Amm. tit.32, Sec. 11001 - 11054;[27] tit.9-A, Sec. 5-107, -116, -117, -201[28]
* Maryland: Md.Ann.Code. Bus. Reg. Sec. 7-101 -502
* Massachusetts: Mass. Gen Laws Ann ch 93, Sec. 49
* Michigan: Mich. Comp. Laws Sec. 339.901 -.920;[29] 445.251 - 445.258,[30]
* Minnesota: Minn. Stat. Ann. Sec. 332.31 -.44[31]
* Mississippi: Miss. Code Sec. 97-9-1[32]
* Missouri: Mo. Rev. Stat. Chpt. 425[33]
* Nebraska: Neb. Rev. Stat. Ann. Sec. 45-601 -622[34]
* Nevada: Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. Sec. 649.010 -.035[35]
* New Hampshire: N.H. Rev. Stat. Chapster. 358-C[36]
* New Jersey: N.J. Stat. Ann. Sec. 45:18 -6.1[37]
* New Mexico: N.M. Stat.Ann. Sec. 61-18A[38]
* New York: N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Sec. 600-603,[39]
* North Carolina: N.C. Gen.Stat. Chapter 58, Article 70;[40] N.C. Gen. Stat. Chapter 75, Article 2.[41]
* North Dakota: N.D. Cent. Code Sec. 13-05-01 -10[42]
* Ohio: Ohio Rev. Code Ann. Sec. 1319.12[43]
* Oklahoma: Okla. Stat. tit. 14A, Sec. 5-107[44]
* Oregon: Or. Rev. Stat. Sec. 646.639 -.656;[45] Sec, 697.005 -.095[46]
* Pennsylvania: 18 Pa. Const. Stat. Ann. Sec. 7311;[47] 73 Pa. Stat. Sec. 2270.1 -.6[48]
* Rhode Island: R.I. Gen. Laws Sec. 19-14.9 -14.14[49]
* South Carolina: S.C. Code Sec. 37-5-108[50]
* Tennessee: Tenn. Code. Ann. Sec. 62-20-101 -126[51]
* Texas: Tex. Fin. Code Sec. 392.001 -.404,[52] 396.001 -.353[53]
* Utah: Utah Code Ann. Sec. 12-1-1 -10;[54] Sec. 70C-7-104 -106[55]
* Vermont: Vt. Stat. Ann. tit 9, Sec. 2451a -2461[56]
* Virginia: Va. Code. 18.1-213[57]
* Washington: Wash. Rev. Code.Ann. Sec. 19.16.100 -.950[58]
* Washington, D.C.: D.C. Code Ann. Sec. 22-3401 -3403;[59] Sec. 28-3814 -3816; Sec. 28-3901 -3909[60]
* West Virginia: W.Va. Code. Sec. 47-16-1 -5;[61] Sec. 46A-2-122 -129a[62]
* Wisconsin: Wis. Stat. Ann. Sec. 218.04;[63] Sec. 427.101 -.105[64]
* Wyoming: Wyo. Stat. Sec. 33-11-101 -116;[65] Sec. 40-14-507<ref>"Wyoming Statutes, Sec. 40-14-507. Extortionate extensions of credit.". http://legisweb.state.wy.us/NXT/gateway.dll/2016 Wyoming Statutes/2016 Titles/2076/2100/2105?f=templates&fn=document-frameset.htm&q=&uq=&x=&up=1&force=9300#LPTOC7. {{dead link|date=January 2023|bot=medic}

## See also

* Bank regulation in the United States

## References

1. ↑ "Fair Debt Collection Practices Act". 12 August 2013. https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/rules/rulemaking-regulatory-reform-proceedings/fair-debt-collection-practices-act-text.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Are there laws that limit what debt collectors can say or do?". https://www.consumerfinance.gov/askcfpb/329/are-there-laws-that-limit-what-debt-collectors-can-say-or-do.html.
3. ↑ Stӑnescu, Cătălin Gabriel (2015). Self-Help, Private Debt Collection and the Concomitant Risks: A Comparative Law Analysis. Springer. p. 218. ISBN 978-3-319-21503-7.
4. ↑ Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau, Federal Communications Commission (February 2019). "Report on Robocalls CG Docket No. 17-59". https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-356196A1.pdf.
5. ↑ "State Statutes Regarding Collection Practices for Commercial / Business Debt.". http://www.burtcollect.com/debt-collection-laws-state/.
6. ↑ "Code of Alabama, Sec. 40-12-80, Collection agencies". http://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/alison/codeofalabama/1975/40-12-80.htm.
7. ↑ "Alaska Statutes, Title 08, Chapter 08.24, Collection Agencies". http://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#08.24.010.
8. ↑ "Alaska Statutes, Title 45, Chapter 45.50, Competitive Practices, Regulation of Competition, Consumer Protection". http://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#45.50.010.
9. ↑ "Arizona Statutes, Title 32 - Professions and Occupations". http://www.azleg.gov/arsDetail/?title=32.
10. ↑ "Arkansas Statutes". LexisNexis. https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/arcode/.
11. ↑ "California Civi Code, Title 1.6C. Fair Debt Collection Practices". State of California. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayexpandedbranch.xhtml?tocCode=CIV&division=3.&title=1.6C.&part=4.&chapter=&article=.
12. ↑ "California Civil Code, Title 2.97. Consumer Collection Notice". State of California. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&division=3.&title=2.97.&part=4.&chapter=&article=.
13. ↑ "Connecticut Statutes, Chapter 666, Regulated Activities, Sec. 36a-645 et seq, Creditors' Collection Practices Act". State of Connecticut. https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_669.htm.
14. ↑ "Delaware Code Online, Title 30". https://delcode.delaware.gov/title30/c023/index.html.
15. ↑ "Florida Statutes, Sec. 559.55 et seq., Consumer Collection Practices". http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0500-0599/0559/0559PartVIContentsIndex.html&StatuteYear=2016&Title=->2016->Chapter 559->Part VI.
16. ↑ "Code of Georgia". https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/gacode/.
17. ↑ "Hawaii Statutes, Chapter 443B, Collection Agencies". State of Hawaii. http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol10_Ch0436-0474/HRS0443B/HRS_0443B-.htm.
18. ↑ "Hawaii Statutes, Chapter 480D, Collection Practices". State of Hawaii. http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol11_Ch0476-0490/HRS0480D/HRS_0480D-.htm.
19. ↑ "Idaho Statutes, Title 26, Chapter 22, Collection Agencies". https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title26/T26CH22/.
20. ↑ "225 ILCS 425, Collection Agency Act.". Illinois General Assembly. http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=1355&ChapterID=24.
21. ↑ "Indiana Code, Title 25, Protessions and Occupations". http://iga.in.gov/legislative/laws/2016/ic/titles/025/.
22. ↑ "Indiana Code, Title 24, Trade Regulation". http://iga.in.gov/legislative/laws/2016/ic/titles/024/.
23. ↑ "Iowa Code, Title XIII, Chapter 537, Consumer Credit Code". https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode/sections?codeChapter=537&year=2017.
24. ↑ "Kansas Statutes, Sec. 16a-5-107, Extortionate Extensions of Credit". http://kslegislature.org/li_2014/b2013_14/statute/016a_000_0000_chapter/016a_005_0000_article/016a_005_0107_section/016a_005_0107_k/.
25. ↑ "Kentucky Revised Statutes, Sec. 24A.2 40 Appearance of attorneys -- Actions prohibited -- Personal representatives as parties.". http://www.lrc.ky.gov/statutes/statute.aspx?id=20712.
26. ↑ "Louisiana Revised Statutes, Title 9, Civil Code - Ancillaries". https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Laws_Toc.aspx?folder=75&level=Parent.
27. ↑ "Maine Fair Debt Collection Practices Act". http://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/32/title32ch109-Asec0.html.
28. ↑ "Maine Consumer Credit Code, General Provisions and Definitions". http://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/9-A/title9-Ach1sec0.html.
29. ↑ "Occupation Code, Collection Practices, MCL 339.901 et seq.". http://www.legislature.mi.gov/mileg.aspx?page=getObject&objectName=mcl-299-1980-9.
30. ↑ "Regulation of Debt Collection Practices, MCL 445.251 et seq.". http://www.legislature.mi.gov/mileg.aspx?page=getObject&objectName=mcl-Act-70-of-1981.
31. ↑ "Minnesota Statutes". https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/332.
32. ↑ "Mississippi Code". LexisNexis. https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/mscode/.
33. ↑ "Missouri Revised Statutes, Chapter 425, Debt Adjusters and Collection Agencies". http://www.moga.mo.gov/mostatutes/ChaptersIndex/chaptIndex425.html.
34. ↑ "Nebraska Revised Statutes". https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=45-601.
35. ↑ "Nevada Revised Statutes". https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-649.html.
36. ↑ "New Hampshire Statutes, Chapter 358-C, Unfair, Deceptive or Unreasonable Collection Practices". http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/NHTOC/NHTOC-XXXI-358-C.htm.
37. ↑ "New Jersey Statutes, Sec. 45 :18-6.1, Discontinuance of operation; filing of notice". http://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/nxt/gateway.dll/statutes/1/38826/40546?f=templates$fn=document-frameset.htm$q=[rank,100:[domain:45:18-6.1] [sum:45:18-6.1] ] $x=server$3.0#LPHit1.
38. ↑ "New Mexico Statutes, Article 18A, Collection Agencies". http://public.nmcompcomm.us/nmpublic/gateway.dll/nmpublic/stat/ch61/25587?f=templates$fn=document-frame.htm$3.0$q=$uq=1$x=$up=1.
39. ↑ "New York State Code, General Business, Article 29H". https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GBS/A29-H.
40. ↑ "North Carolina General Statutes, Chapter 58, Article 70, Collection Agencies". http://www.ncleg.net/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByArticle/Chapter_58/Article_70.html.
41. ↑ "North Carolina General Statutes, Chapter 75, Article 2, Prohibited Acts by Debt Collectors". http://www.ncleg.net/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByArticle/Chapter_75/Article_2.html.
42. ↑ "North Dakota Century Code, Chapter 13-05, Debt Collection Agencies". http://www.legis.nd.gov/cencode/t13c05.pdf.
43. ↑ "Ohio Revised Code". Lawriter LLC. http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/1319.12v1.
44. ↑ "Oklahoma Statutes, Title 14A, Consumer Credit Code". http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/OK_Statutes/CompleteTitles/os14.rtf.
45. ↑ "Oregon Revised Statutes, Volume 14, Chapter 646". https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors646.html.
46. ↑ "Oregon Revised Statutes, Volume 15, Chapter 697". https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors697.html.
47. ↑ "18 Pa.C.S.A. § 7311. Unlawful collection agency practices". Westlaw. https://govt.westlaw.com/pac/Document/NDC8AFD80342D11DA8A989F4EECDB8638?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default).
48. ↑ "Title 73 P.S. Trade and Commerce, Chapter 42. Fair Credit Extension Uniformity Act". WestLaw. https://govt.westlaw.com/pac/Browse/Home/Pennsylvania/UnofficialPurdonsPennsylvaniaStatutes?guid=NF3A1FD7A84494AF88F0E9DA7AD8F1913&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default).
49. ↑ "Rhode Island General Laws, Chapter 19-14.9". http://webserver.rilin.state.ri.us/Statutes/title19/19-14.9/INDEX.HTM.
50. ↑ "South Carolina Code of Laws, Title 37, Chapter 5, Consumer Protection Code". http://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t37c005.php.
51. ↑ "Tennessee Code". LexisNexis. https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/tncode/.
52. ↑ "Texas Statutes, Finance Code, Title 5, Chapter 392, Debt Collection". Texas State Legislature. http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/FI/pdf/FI.392.pdf.
53. ↑ "Texas Statutes, Finance Code, Title 5, Chapter 396, Private Child Support Enforcement Agencies". Texas State Legislature. http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/FI/pdf/FI.396.pdf.
54. ↑ "Utah Code, Title 12, Collection Agencies". https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title12/12.html?v=C12_1800010118000101.
55. ↑ "Utah Code, Title 70C, Chapter 7, Remedies and Penalties". https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title70C/Chapter7/70C-7.html?v=C70C-7_1800010118000101.
56. ↑ "Vermont Statutes, Title 9, Chapter 63, Consumer Protection". Vermont General Assembly. http://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/chapter/09/063.
57. ↑ "Code of Virginia, Sec. 18.2-213. Simulation of warrants, processes, writs and notices.". Virginia Law Library. http://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter6/section18.2-213/.
58. ↑ "Chapter 19.16 RCW, Collection Agencies". http://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=19.16.
59. ↑ "Washington D.C. Code, Title 22, Chapter 34. Use of "District of Columbia" by Certain Persons.". https://beta.code.dccouncil.us/dc/council/code/titles/22/chapters/34/.
60. ↑ "Washington D.C. Code, Title 27, Chapter 38. Consumer Protections". https://beta.code.dccouncil.us/dc/council/code/titles/28/chapters/38/.
61. ↑ "West Virginia Code, Article 47, Chapter 16, Collection Agencies". http://www.legis.state.wv.us/WVCODE/Code.cfm?chap=47&art=16.
62. ↑ "West Virginia Code, Chapter 46A, Section 2, Consumer Credit Protection". http://www.legis.state.wv.us/wvcode/ChapterEntire.cfm?chap=46a&art=2.
63. ↑ "Wisconsin Statutes, Sec. 21804. Collection Agencies". https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/218/III/04.
64. ↑ "Wisconsin Statutes, Chapter 427. Debt Collection". https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/427.
65. ↑ "Wyoming Statutes, Title 33, Chapter 11, Collection Agencies". http://legisweb.state.wy.us/NXT/gateway.dll/2016 Wyoming Statutes/2016 Titles/1622/1641?f=templates&fn=document-frameset.htm&q=&uq=&x=&up=1&force=2948.

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