Free public transport

Short description: Public transport not funded by fares from passengers

In 2020, Luxembourg became the first country to provide free public transport across its entire territory.[1]

Free public transport, often called fare-free public transit or zero-fare public transport, is public transport which is fully funded by means other than collecting fares from passengers. It may be funded by national, regional or local government through taxation, and/or by commercial sponsorship by businesses. Alternatively, the concept of "free-ness" may take other forms, such as no-fare access via a card which may or may not be paid for in its entirety by the user.

On 29 February 2020, Luxembourg became the first country in the world to make all public transport in the country (buses, trams, and trains) free to use.[2][3][4][5] On 1 October 2022, Malta made its public transport free on most routes, though unlike in Luxembourg, this applies only to residents.[6]

As some transit lines intended to operate with fares initially start service, the organisation may elect not to collect fares for an introductory period to create interest or to test operations.

## Contents

* 1 Types
* 1.1 City-wide systems
* 1.2 Local services
* 1.3 Emergency relief
* 1.3.1 United States
* 1.3.2 COVID-19 pandemic
* 1.3.3 Statewide
* 2 Benefits
* 2.1 Operational benefits
* 2.2 Commercial benefits
* 2.3 Community benefits
* 2.4 Global benefits
* 3 Countries with countrywide zero-fare transport
* 4 List of towns and cities with area-wide zero-fare transport
* 4.1 Europe
* 4.2 Asia
* 4.3 Americas
* 4.3.1 Brazil
* 4.3.2 Canada
* 4.3.3 United States
* 4.4 Oceania
* 4.4.1 Australia
* 5 Perception and analysis
* 6 See also
* 7 Further reading
* 8 References
* 9 External links

## Types

### City-wide systems

Tallinn's residents voted for free public transportation on 24 March 2012. This polling place was in a historic tramway Gotha G4-61.

Several mid-size European cities and many smaller towns around the world have converted their public transportation networks to zero-fare. The city of Hasselt in Belgium is a notable example: fares were abolished in 1997 and ridership was as much as "13 times higher" by 2006.[7] Tallinn, the capital city of Estonia with more than 420,000 inhabitants, switched to free public transport in 2013 after a public vote.[8]

In the U.S. state of Washington, 14 rural transit systems have adopted zero-fare policies, either permanently or through pilots in the 2020s.[9] Fares for passengers aged 18 and younger have been free on most local and inter-city transit systems in the state since September 2022. The program was part of a larger statewide transportation package and also includes inter-city Amtrak trains operated by the state, as well as the Washington State Ferries system.[10]

Kharkiv in Ukraine is the largest city in the world with free public transport with a population of 1,420,000 residents, where free public transport for everyone has been introduced in 2022.

Since 2025, local transport in Belgrade, a city with 1,380,000 inhabitants, has been free.[11]

### Local services

In July 2017, Dubai announced it would offer free bus services for a short period of time on selected days.[12]

In the northwestern United States, some tribal governments offer free bus service on their respective reservations, including on the Muckleshoot,[13] Spokane,[14] Umatilla[15] and Yakama Indian Reservations.[16]

### Emergency relief

During natural disasters, pandemics, and other area-wide emergencies, some transit agencies offer zero-fare transport.

#### United States

Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit commuter rail temporarily offered free service for those needing transportation alternatives during the 2017 Tubbs Fire and 2019 Kincade Fire.[17][18]

Some agencies, including the Central Ohio Transit Authority and King County Metro, offer free public transport during snow emergencies to reduce the number of vehicles on the street.[19][20]

#### COVID-19 pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several agencies paused the collection of fares to alleviate concerns that the virus could be transmitted on surfaces, to keep travelers from coming into close contact with employees, or to allow rear door boarding on their vehicles. These agencies are mostly located in smaller cities where the farebox recovery ratio is low as they could afford to implement this policy without a major hit to revenue.[21] A study was conducted to detail the ways that fare collection during the pandemic varied geographically and demographically. During this time, 63.5% of the 263 public transit agencies studied had suspended fare collection. Geographically, the alleviation of fares was common around urban centers (such as San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, New York City, etc.).[22]

#### Statewide

In March 2026, the Australian states of Victoria and Tasmania announced they would both be making public transport free for a limited time as an incentive not to drive due to the escalation in fuel prices resulting from the war in the Middle East.[23] In Victoria public transport is free throughout April 2026 and Tasmania has made public transport free from 30 March 2026 to the end of June 2026.[23]

## Benefits

### Operational benefits

File:New Fare Gates at Sutphin Blvd-Archer Av-JFK Airport Station (53375560266).jpgThese fare gates in New York City cost $700,000 to install,[24] one of the equipment costs that would become unnecessary with fare-free transit.

Transport operators can benefit from faster boarding and shorter dwell times, allowing faster timetabling of services. Although some of these benefits can be achieved in other ways, such as off-vehicle ticket sales and modern types of electronic fare collection, zero-fare transport avoids equipment and personnel costs.

Passenger aggression may be reduced. In 2008 bus drivers of Société des Transports Automobiles (STA) in Essonne held strikes demanding zero-fare transport for this reason. They claim that 90% of the aggression is related to refusal to pay the fare.[25]

A randomized controlled trial conducted in Santiago, Chile, found that access to fare-free public transport increased overall travel by 12%, particularly boosting off-peak travel by 23% due to a rise in both public transport and non-motorized trips.[26]

### Commercial benefits

Some zero-fare transport services are funded by private businesses, such as the merchants in a shopping mall, in the hope that doing so will increase sales or other revenue from increased foot traffic or ease of travel. Employers often operate free shuttles as a benefit to their employees, or as part of a congestion-mitigation agreement with a local government.[citation needed]

### Community benefits

Zero-fare transport can make the system more accessible and fair for low-income residents. Other benefits are the same as those attributed to public transport generally:

* Road traffic can benefit from decreased congestion and faster average road speeds, fewer traffic accidents, easier parking, savings from reduced wear and tear on roads
* Increased public access, especially for the poor and low waged, which can in turn benefit social integration, businesses and those looking for work
* Environmental and public health benefits including decreased air pollution and noise pollution from road traffic

Research findings from Stroud & Bekhit (2023) about inclusivity gaps in FFPT research studies Research of fare-free public transport (FFTP) studies by Stroud and Bekhit (2025) reveals that only 25% of the studies significantly consider non-dominant groups of the population in their research, with extensive knowledge gaps about FFPT impacts on marginalized communities.[27]

### Global benefits

Global benefits of zero-fare transport are also the same as those attributed to public transport generally. If use of personal cars is discouraged, zero-fare public transport could mitigate the problems of global warming and oil depletion. On average, cars emit one pound of CO
2 per mile driven (280 g/km).[28] Public transport helps to reduce the number of vehicles being driven which results in decreasing carbon emissions. Cars are also responsible for emitting other pollutants such as antifreeze.[28]

## Countries with countrywide zero-fare transport

* Luxembourg was the first country to offer free public transport (trams, trains, and buses) for everyone across the entire country. Since 29 February 2020, all public transport has been free in the country, with the exception of the first class on trains.[29][30]
* Estonia wants to become entirely zero-fare. Counties in Estonia are allowed to make public transport free. Between 2018 and 2024, buses were free of charge in 11 of Estonia's 15 counties. Public transport in Estonia's capital, Tallinn, has been free to local residents since 2013.[31][32] As of January 2024, free local transport in the counties was largely abolished, but remains available for people up to 19 years of age and those aged 63 and over.[33]
* Malta became fare free for all residents on 1 October 2022.[34]
* There are UK-wide provisions for free bus travel for senior citizens (60-years-old and over in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and Greater London, state pension age for England).[35][36][37] The Scottish government has also implemented free bus travel across the country for people under 22-years-old since 31 January 2022, while the Scottish National Blind Person Scheme allows free rail and ferry travel for blind persons.[38][39] The senior citizens bus pass also apply to rail and rapid transit (the Tube) in Greater London, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
* Romania has made public transportation including buses, subways and inter-country trains free for all pre-university students. However university students only have the option for a 50% discount on individual inter-country train tickets or inter-city subscriptions.[40]
* In the Netherlands, students with Dutch citizenship get free public transportation country-wide in trains, trams, buses and metro. Students who are studying at universities of applied sciences and universities need to finish their degree ten years after starting it or they will need to pay back the amount of money.[41][42]
* Throughout Spain, from 1 September 2022 to 30 June 2025, as a way to reduce gas prices for trucks after the Russian war in Ukraine, all multi-trip ticket train journeys on commuter services and medium-distance routes (less than 300 kilometres (190 mi)) were made free of charge, on the condition that the individual uses it at least an average of once a week.[43]
* Since March 2024, the Hungarian national railway company MÁV does not charge those of ages 65 and over and 14 and under for transportation.[44] Buses of the company Volánbusz can also be used free of charge from people of these same age ranges.[45]
* In the Republic of Ireland public transportation for citizens over the age 66 is free. People with disabilities and carers aged under 66 may also be eligible for free travel[46]

## List of towns and cities with area-wide zero-fare transport

### Europe

Town/City  | Population  | Operator  | First year  | Duration  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|

Republic of Ireland  | 5,149,139  | State  | 1967  | Since 1967  | Everyone aged 66 and over, living permanently in Ireland gets access to free travel on all public transportation in Ireland[46]
Manchester |  | Bee Network | 1974 | Since 2002 | 2 Free bus routes around the City Centre, free to use since 2002
Morsø | 19,734 | Morsø Municipality | 2009 | Since 2009 | Free public bus transportation for everyone on the busses within the municipality; It was decided, because mostly school students used busses which the municipality covered
Læsø | 1,759 | Læsø Municipality |  |  | Free electric bus, with a small fee if you bring a bicycle or stroller[47]
Ærø | 5,948 | Ærø Municipality |  |  | Free wifi, you can bring your bike, dogs are allowed[48]
Portugal Cascais | 206,479 | Mobi Cascais | 2020 | Since 2 January 2020 | Free public bus transportation for residents, students and workers registered in the Municipality of Cascais. Cascais was the first in Portugal to implement the measure and is the fourth-largest city of the country.
Cahors | 20,447 | Raynal Voyages | 2019 | Since 2 November 2019 | [49]
Netherlands |  | Government | 1991 | Since 1991 | Free public transport for students Studentenreisproduct or OV-studentenkaart in the whole Netherlands. Students can choose for free transport on weekdays and 40% discount in the weekends, or vice versa.
Voronezh, Voronezh Oblast | 1,032,382 | Municipality | 2003 | 2003–2013 | Free buses run every 30 min. (designated by the letter Н)[50]
Skolkovo, Moscow | N/A | ODAS Skolkovo + Mosgortrans | 2012 | Since opening | Local buses are free, include to railway station (from 2019, weekdays, delayed), longer routes are charged unless they ride via Auchan or Vegas
Miass, Chelyabinsk Oblast | 151,387 | Municipality | 1991 | Until 2002[51] | Free trolleybuses and buses
Gibraltar | 29,500 | State | 2011 | Since May 2011 | Only for residents and workers. Tourists have to pay.
Manises | 30,478 | Municipality |  |  | [52]
Marbella | 150,000 | Municipality | 2019 | Since 2019 | Only for enrolled citizens.[53]
Nova Gorica | 31,000 |  | 2006 | Since April 2006 |
Samokov | 27,000 |  | 2006 | Since 2006 |
Stamboliyski | 12,000 | Municipality | 2019 | Since 2019 |
Stavanger | 146,011 | Municipality | 2023 | Since 2023 |
Hasselt | 72,000 | De Lijn | 1997 | Since 1 July 1997 | 1,300% ridership increase 1996–2006. In 2013, Hasselt stopped free bus service for adults; riders under 19 still travel for free.
Duffel | 17,385 | De Lijn |  |  | Only valid for one ride
Ingelmunster | 10,928 | De Lijn | 2017 | Since 2017 | Free public transport was offered when the construction of a new bridge made the connection between the two sides of the town impossible.
Mons | 92,000 | TEC Hainaut | 1999 | 1999-2016 | 2 intramuros lines were free
Namur | 115,000 | TEC Namur-Luxembourg | 2024 | Since 2024 | 1 circle route in city centre
West Midlands | 2,953,816  | All bus operators in the West Midlands  | 2024  | 9–13 December 2024  | Free bus travel in the West Midlands bus boundary between 7pm and 3am.[54]
Avesta Municipality | 21,000 | Dalatrafik | 2012[55] | Until 2021. | Ended due to increased operating costs.
Vellinge | 37,700 | Skånetrafiken | 2020 | since 2020 | Only for residents aged 70 or more within the confines of the county, and young adults aged 16 - 19 who may travel on Skånetrafiken and Öresundstågen services in Skåne [56][57]
Kiruna | 18,090 |  | 2011 | From 2011 to 2012–12 | [58]
Övertorneå | 2,000 |  |  |  | \-  |  Bełchatów | 56,973 | Miejski Zakład Komunikacji Sp. z o.o. | 2015 | Since 28 May 2015 | Unconditionally free for all users.
Żory | 62,625 |  | 2014 | Since 1 May 2014 | Unconditionally free for all users.
Lubin | 72,951 |  | 2014 | Since 1 September 2014 | Unconditionally free for all users.
Olkusz | 36,122 |  | 2013 | Between 1 September 2013 and 31 December 2014 | For car owners registered in this municipality only.
Ostrołęka | 52,337 |  | 2017 | Since 28 October 2017 | Unconditionally free for all users.
Starachowice  | 43,883  |  | 2022  | Since 1 April 2022  | For residents and tax payers in this municipality (and their minor family members.[59]
Lugoj | 37,700 |  | 2013 | Starting 1 July 2013 | [60]
Cluj-Napoca | 411,379 |  | 2021 | Starting 18 June 2021 | Free transportation on tram and bus lines every Friday[61]
Ploiești | 201,226 | TCE S.A. | 2014 | Starting 31 March 2014 | The benefits are limited to city residents with an income under 3,000 RON per month (about €670).[62]
Arad | 145,078 | CTP Arad S.A. | 2023 | Starting 7 July 2023 | Free transportation on tram and bus lines every Friday.[63]
Ilioupoli | 78,153 | Municipality |  |  | Free transportation to all, but only local buses, for specifically only local municipality buses.[64]
Akureyri, Iceland | 18,803 |  | 2007 | Since 1 January 2007 | [65]
Tallinn | 435,245 |  | 2013 | Since 1 January 2013 | Tallinn is currently the largest city offering free public transport for its residents. Regional buses are excluded from the scheme. Elron commuter trains are also free inside the city limits.[66] Tallinn is also the first capital with free public transport for its residents.
Keila | 9,873 |  | 2013 | Since February 2013 |
Türi | 6,174 |  |  |  | [67]
Lübben | 14,500 |  |  | Has been stopped | Influenced by Hasselt
Kelheim | 122,258 | VLK | 2021 | Since November 2021 | Free buses since November 2021 within Kelheim County
Templin | 16,500 |  |  | Has been stopped |
Augsburg | 295,135 | SWA | 2020 | Since 1 January 2020 | Free public transport within a zone downtown called "City-Zone"
Erlangen | 116,562 | ESTW | 2024 | Since 1 January 2024 | Free use of all buses in the inner city for everybody
Monheim am Rhein and Langenfeld (Rheinland) | 46,072 + 60,926 |  |  |  | Free use of all buses and the lightrail lines S6 and S68 in the city areas of Monheim am Rhein, Langenfeld (Rheinland) and Düsseldorf-Hellerhof, for residents of Monheim am Rhein only
Senec | 19,900 | MAD Senec | 2013 | Since 1 November 2013 | Since 1 April 2018 city transport has two bus lines. Temporarily suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic until 1 September.[68]
Aubagne | 42,900 (100,000 in the area concerned) |  | 2009 | Since 15 May 2009 | The Aubagne tramway is considered to be the first completely fare-free tram system in the world.[69]
Bar-le-Duc | 15,700 |  | 2008 | Since 1 September 2008 |
Boulogne-Billancourt | 110,000 |  | 1992 | Since 1992 |
Castres | 62,500 |  | 2008 | Since October 2008 |
Châteauroux | 47,127 |  | 2001 | Since 2001 |
Colomiers | 28,538 |  | 1971 | Since 1971 | The first area of France to offer zero-fare public transport which is still in operation at present
Compiègne | 40,028 |  | 1975 | Since 1975 | [70]
Dunkirk | 91,000 | Municipality | 2015: free weekend service, fall 2018: full service[71][72] |  |
Figeac | 9,900 |  | 2003 | Since 2003–2009 |
Issoudun | 13,500 |  | 1989 | Since 1989 | Has free in the name of the service (Transport Issoudun Gratuit). Works on certain days of the week in the afternoons only.
Libourne | 23,000 |  | 2009 | Since 1 January 2009 for under 18s
Since 28 August 2010 for everyone |
Manosque | 22,200 |  | 2010 | since 1 January 2010 |
Niort | 122 000 | Communauté d'agglomération du Niortais | 2017 | Since 1 September 2017 |
Vitré | 15,313 |  | 2001 | Since spring 2001 | First French urban agglomeration to do so.
Catania | 315,000 | Amt, Metropolitana di Catania, Università degli Studi di Catania | 2018 | Since 10 April 2018[73] | Free metro and bus lines to all local university students
Třeboň | 8,700 | ČSAD Jindřichův Hradec a. s. | 2002 | Between 2002–2002 and 2007–2008 | Under Mayor Jiří Houdek (KDU-ČSL), city transport has only one bus line (No 340300), influenced by US school buses
Prague | 1,285,000 | Many operators (first of all Dopravní podnik hl. m. Prahy) | 2002 | Between 2002 and 2008–2015 (ca) and 25 August 2002, during the Vltava flood and flooding of the Prague metro system | Also always during time of the smog or other emergency (used rarely – 1996–1997 for 2 day, 1992–1993 for 4 days).[74][75]
Hořovice | 6,800 | Probo Trans Beroun s. r. o. | 2008 | Since March 2008 | City transport has only one bus line (no. 210009 alias C09 or C9)
Valašské Meziříčí | 27,300 | ČSAD Vsetín a. s. | 2009 | Between 14 June 2009 and 14 July 2009, again since September 2017[76][77] | City transport has five bus lines
Přelouč | 9,000 | Veolia Transport Východní Čechy a. s. | 2009 | Between 1 December 2009 and 6 March 2010 | Initial price at the newly established first city bus line (no. 665101)
Frýdek-Místek | 58,200 | ČSAD Frýdek-Místek a. s. | 2011 | Since 27 March 2011 | Only 365-day chip coupon (however the chip card costs 299 Kč and prolongation 1 Kč) and user must to not be a debtor toward the city. Number of passengers has increased from 3.8 million in 2010 to 5.7 million in 2013. Since 2014, it is possible to travel free on regional bus lines to next 18 villages and towns. Population in the serviced area is 100,000. Chip card for free public transport has 25,000 passengers.
Strakonice | 22,900 | ČSAD STTRANS a. s. | 2018 | Since 1 January 2018 | In 2017, the city bus transport was free for senior citizens, children and students up to 26 years; since 2018, buses are free for all, but only in the city zone (sections outside the city are still paid).[78][79]
Lovosice | 8,700 | BusLine a. s., renamed to TD BUS a.s. | 2018 | Since 28 January 2018[80] | The only bus line no. 558001 started 10 years ago, 2008-01-28
Litoměřice | 24,000 | BusLine a. s., renamed to TD BUS a.s. | 2018 | Since 1 May 2018[81] | Two bus lines
Říčany | 12,400 | ČSAD Benešov a. s. (ICOM group) | 2018 | Since 3 September 2018[82] | 3 intervallic lines (yellow, red and blue) and 3 school lines (Š1, Š2, Š3), licence numbers 289001–289006, in working days only. Previous lines of Prague Integrated Transport remain paid.
Kolín | 33,289 | Okresní autobusová doprava Kolín, s.r.o. | 2023 | Since 1 January 2023[83] |
Tórshavn | 20,000 | Tórshavn City Council |  |  | Six different bus lines[84]
Jagodina | 76,712 | City | 2019 | Since January 2019 | Also includes 52 villages and settlements around Jagodina that are connected with the city.[85]
Kryvyi Rih  | 603 904  | Municipality  | 2022  |  | Including trams, metrotram, and trolleybus[86]
Kharkiv  | 1,421,125  | Municipality  | 2022  |  | Including trams, metro, and trolleybus[87]
Belgrade | 1,197,714 | City | 2025 | Since 1 January 2025 | Free transport; includes all forms of public transport within the Belgrade Metropolitan Area.[88][89]

### Asia

Town/City  | Population  | Operator  | Begin operation  | Duration  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|

Cheremushki, Khakassia, Russia | 9,000 | trams are serviced by Dam's staff |  |  | zero fare is official to anybody (de jure service line because the taxes would be higher than revenues)
Jakarta, Indonesia | 10,770,487 | TransJakarta | 2016; 10 years ago (2016) |  | Three free city tour buses and all Mikrotrans feeder routes
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 1,790,000 | SKS Bus | 31 August 2012; 13 years ago (2012-08-31) |  | Go KL City Bus
New Delhi, India | 20,000,000 (concerned for 9,000,000 women) | State Government | 2019 |  | free bus services for women
Tamil Nadu, India | 72,147,030 (concerned for 36,009,055 women) | State Government | 2021 |  | free metro and bus services for women[90]
Tel Aviv District, Israel | 1,350,000 | Na'im Busofash | 22 November 2019 |  | Free weekend public transportation array that exists in 6 authorities in Gush Dan – Givatayim, Kiryat Ono, Ramat HaSharon, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Yehud-Monosson and Shoham.
Tiberias, Israel | 41,300 | Tiberias city council | 2019 |  | one bus line that goes on Saturdays
Hwaseong, South Korea | 934,441 | Hwaseong city | 2020 |  | Fare-free bus service for the children, youth, and elderly
Bangkok, Thailand | 8,249,000 | several |  |  | In some bus lines in older unair-conditioned bus (fare prices are also about age/equipment of bus). Also time and again for new public metro tracks for several months.
Ovacık, Turkey | 6,998 | Ovacık municipality | 2014 |  | All municipality-operated buses are free[91]
Tunceli, Turkey | 38,429 | Tunceli municipality | 2019 |  | Free in three neighbourhoods that doesn't have privately operated public bus[91]

### Americas

#### Brazil

A bus with free public transport in Vargem Grande Paulista, Brazil Town/City  | Population  | Operator  | First year  | Duration  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|

Agudos, SP | 36,700 | local government | 2011 | since 2011 | [92][93][94]
Ivaiporã, PR | 31,812 | local government | 2011 | since 2011 | [92][93][94]
Porto Real, RJ | 16,574 | local government | 2011 | since 2011 | [92][93]
Potirendaba, SP | 15,449 | local government | 1998 | since 1998 | [95]
Paulínia, SP | 86,800 | local government | 2013 | since 2013 | [96]
Maricá, RJ | 146,549 | Empresa Pública de Transportes – EPT | 2014 | since 2014 | [97]
Muzambinho, MG | 21,975 | local government | 2011 | since 2011 | [98]
Pitanga, PR | 32,645 | local government | 2012 | since 2012 | [99]
Silva Jardim, RJ | 21,307 | local government | 2014 | since 2014-02-15 | [100]
Vargem Grande Paulista, SP | 48,720 |  | 2019 | since 2019 | [101]

#### Canada

Town/City  | Population  | Operator  | First Year  | Duration  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|

Candiac, Quebec  | 21,000  |  | 2014  |  |
Canmore, Alberta  | 13,000  | ROAM  | 2019  |  | [102]
Cold Lake, Alberta  | 15,000  | Cold Lake Transit  |  |  | [103]
La Prairie, Quebec  | 23,000  |  | 2014  |  |
Mont Tremblant, Quebec  | 10,000  | Mont-Tremblant Public Transit  | 2019  |  | [104]
Orangeville, Ontario  | 30,700  | Orangeville Transit  | 2023  |  | [105]
Sainte-Julie, Quebec  | 30,000  |  | 2014  |  |
Saint-Philippe, Quebec  | 5,500  |  | 2014  |  |

#### United States

Town/City  | Population  | Service/operator  | First year  | Duration  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|

Albuquerque, New Mexico | 564,559 | ABQ RIDE | 2022 |  | [106]
Alexandria, Virginia | 159,467 | DASH (bus) | 2021 |  | [107]
Athens, Georgia | 126,913 | Athens Transit | 2021 |  | [108]
Athens, Ohio  | 23,849  | Athens Public Transit  |  |  | through April 2027[109]
Avon, Colorado | 6,115 | Avon/Beaver Creek Transit | 2021 |  | [110]
Blacksburg, Virginia | 44,826 | Blacksburg Transit | 2020[111]. | since 2020 | BT halted the collection of fares in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, the Blacksburg Town Council voted unanimously to stick with the status quo and permanently approved a fare-free[112] system[113].
Boone, North Carolina | 17,122 | AppalCart[114] | 1981 | since 1981 | combination of funding from the town, Appalachian State University, Watauga County, and state and federal agencies.
Boston, Massachusetts | 675,647 | several MBTA key bus routes (23, 28, and 29) | 2021 | 2021 until February 28, 2026[needs update] |

Main article: Free public transport in Boston

Breckenridge, Colorado | 4,901 | Free Ride Transit System | 1997 |  |
Butler County, Ohio  | 390,357  | Butler County Regional Transit Authority  |  |  | [115]
Cache Valley, Utah |  | Cache Valley Transit District | 2000 | since 2000 |
Canby, Oregon | 15,829 | Canby Area Transit |  |  |
Cape Cod, Massachusetts  |  | Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority  | 2025  | since 2025  | [116]
Chadron, Nebraska | 5,488 | City of Chadron |  |  |
Chapel Hill, Carrboro, and UNC-Chapel Hill, North Carolina | 70,000+ | Chapel Hill Transit | 2002 | since 2002 | operated by the Town of Chapel Hill to serve Chapel Hill, Carrboro, and UNC-Chapel Hill; supported by taxpayers and University fee-payers
Clallam County, Washington | 77,805 | Clallam Transit | 2024 | one-year pilot[needs update] | Does not apply to long-distance routes and Hurricane Ridge shuttle[9]
Clemson, South Carolina | 11,939 | Clemson Area Transit |  |  | partnership between Clemson University and surrounding communities
Clovis, California  | 120,124  |  | 2025  | since 2025  | New service launched in late 2025[117]
Columbia, Missouri  | 126,254  | Go COMO  | 2020  | since 2020  | [118]
Commerce, California | 41,000 | City of Commerce Municipal Bus Lines | 1962 | since 1962 | all transportation services are free of charge[119]
Coral Gables, Florida | 42,871 |  |  |  |
Corvallis, Oregon | 54,462 | Corvallis Transit System | 2011 | since February 2011 | [120]
Dayton, Ohio | 137,644 | Flyer Shuttle Bus operated by the Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority | 2018 | since 2018 | Shuttle connects downtown Dayton and University of Dayton[121]
Detroit, Michigan | 639,000 | Q Line operated by the Detroit Transport Authority | 2017 | since 2017 | Connecting northern suburbs to central Detroit[122]
Detroit, Michigan  | 639,000  | Detroit People Mover  | 2024  | since 2024  | Sponsored pilot project.
Ellensburg, Washington | 20,326 | Central Transit |  |  | [9]
El Paso County, Texas  | 865,657  | El Paso Transportation Authority  | 2025  | until 2026  | [123]
Fairfax, Virginia | 24,276 | CUE Bus | 2020 | Until June 30, 2026 | [124] CUE stopped collecting fares in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and has since continued operating zero-fare. Funded in part by the Fairfax, Virginia and a grant from the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation.
Fort Collins, Colorado | 169,810 | Transfort | 2020 |  | Transfort stopped collecting fares in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and has since continued operating zero-fare. As of January 2023, the city is considering keeping Transfort fare-free permanently.[125]
Frederick County, Maryland  | 302,883  | TransIT  | 2026  | since 2026  |
Gallatin County, Montana  | 118,960  | Streamline  |  |  | [126]
Grant County, Washington |  | Grant Transit Authority | 2020 |  | Became permanently fare-free in 2022.[127]
Island County, Washington | 81,054 | Island Transit | 1987 | since 1987 |
Hawaii County, Hawaii | 206,315 | Hele-On Bus | 2021 | until the end of 2025[needs update] | [128]
Iowa City, Iowa  | 74,828  | Iowa City Transit  | 2023  | through 2026  | [129]
Jefferson County, Washington |  | Jefferson Transit | 2024 | since January 2024[130] |
Kansas City, Missouri | 301,500 | RideKC buses and KC Streetcar | 2019 | 2019–2023 | The first large U.S. city to implement a universal, systemwide fare-free scheme after a unanimous City Council vote to make RideKC buses Zero Fare through 2023. The bus system previously cost travelers $1.50 per ride or $50 for a monthly pass, while the KC Streetcar has been fare free since it began service in 2016.[131]
Ketchum/Sun Valley, Idaho | 3,003 | Mountain Rides |  |  |
Kootenai County, Idaho |  | Citylink |  |  | [13][132]
Laramie, Wyoming  | 31,407  | University of Wyoming Transit System  |  |  | [133]
Las Cruces, New Mexico  | 111,385  | RoadRUNNER Transit  | 2022  | since 2022  | [134][135]
Lawrence, Kansas  | 94,934  | Lawrence Transit  | 2023  | since 2023  | [136]
Lebanon, New Hampshire | 13,151 | Advance Transit |  |  | combination of state and federal funding and from Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Dartmouth College. Also serves Hanover and White River Junction, Vermont
Logan, Utah | 49,534 | Cache Valley Transit District | 1992 | since 1992 |
Macomb, Illinois | 20,000 | Go West Transit | 2006 | since 2006 |
Milwaukee, Wisconsin | 560,000 | Transdev | 2018 | since 2018 | Hop streetcar services provided free through various sponsorships starting in 2018
Mammoth Lakes, California | 8,234 | Eastern Sierra Transit Authority |  |  |
Marion, Indiana | 29,948 | Marion Area Transit System | 2008 | since 2008 |
Martin County, Florida  | 158,431  | Martin County Public Transit  | 2025  | since 2025  | [137]
Mason County, Washington | 61,019 | Mason Transit Authority | 1992[9] |  | Fares charged on intra-county routes
Memphis, Tennessee  | 633,104  | Memphis Area Transit Authority  | 2025  | since 2025  | At least until June 2026[138]
Missoula, Montana | 69,122 | Missoula Urban Transportation District |  |  |
Montgomery County, Maryland  | 1,082,273  | Ride On  | 2019  |  | 2019: under 18,[139] July 2025: all riders[140]
Moscow, Idaho | 25,146 | SMART Transit |  |  | [141]
Mountain View, California | 81,500 | Google and City of Mountain View |  |  | Mountain View Community Shuttle, electric bus service 10AM to 6PM daily
Muckleshoot Indian Reservation, Washington |  | Muckleshoot Indian Tribe |  |  | [13]
New York City, New York  | Template:American transit ridershipTemplate:American transit ridership | MTA Regional Bus Operations – Q70 bus  | 2022  | since May 2022[142] | The Q70 bus route has been permanently fare-free since May 2022.[142] The Q4, B60, Bx18, M116 and S46/96 temporarily became fare-free 24 September 2023,[143] but fares were reinstated 31 August 2024.[144]
New York City, New York  | Template:American transit ridershipTemplate:American transit ridership | Roosevelt Island Red Bus  | 2014  | since April 2014[145] |
New York City, New York | Template:American transit ridershipTemplate:American transit ridership | Staten Island Ferry (NYCDOT) | 1997 | since July 1997[146] |
Norman, Oklahoma  | 128,026  | EMBARK  | 2023  | since 2023  | [147]
Olympia/Thurston County, Washington | 252,264 | Intercity Transit | 2020 | 2020–2027 | 5-year pilot, later extended to 2027[9]
Oxford, Mississippi  | 25,416  | Oxford-University Transit  |  |  | [148]
Park City, Utah | 8,300 | Park City Transit, High Valley Transit |  |  | Also serves Snyderville Basin
Placer County, California  | 404,739  | Tahoe Truckee Area Regional Transit  | 2019  | since 2019  | through December 2027[149]
Provo, Utah/Orem, Utah | 215,175 | Utah Transit Authority | 2018 | since 2018 | Utah Valley Express (UVx) Bus-Rapid Transit Line only. UVX fare has been covered by a Federal Highway Administration Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement grant through 2021.[150]
Radford, Virginia  | 16,070  | Radford Transit  |  |  | [151]
Richmond, Virginia  | 226,610  | Greater Richmond Transit Company  | 2020  | through 2026  | [152]
Rome, Georgia | 37,746 | Rome Transit Department (RTD) | 2021 | until 29 December 2023 (planned)[needs update] | Beginning on 4 October 2021, the City of Rome Transit Department began offering free Fixed-Route Transit Service in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The fare adjustment is currently set to expire on 29 December 2023.
Sandy, Oregon | 9,570 | Sandy Area Metro | 2000 | since 2000 |
Spokane Indian Reservation, Washington |  | Spokane Tribe of Indians |  |  | [14]
Stanford, California | 13,809 | Stanford Marguerite Shuttle |  |  |
Starkville, Mississippi | 23,888 | Starkville-MSU Area Rapid Transit |  |  |
Tacoma, Washington | 216,279 | Sound Transit T Line | 2003 | 2023 | Eliminated after extension
Tampa, Florida | 380,000 | TECO Line Streetcar | 2018 |  | Service with fares started in 2002, free since 2018.
Terre Haute, Indiana  | 58,389  | Terre Haute Transit  | 2025  | since 2025  | [153]
Tucson, Arizona | 1,043,433 | Sun Tran | 2020 |  | Fare free for the entire Tucson Metropolitan Area since Spring 2020. Originally a pandemic-era temporary measure, it is now permanent.[154][155]
Umatilla Indian Reservation, Oregon |  | Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation |  |  | [15]
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan | 120,000 | University of Michigan Transit Services |  |  |
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota | 51,853 | U of M Transitway | 1992 | since 1992 |
Vail, Colorado | 4,589 |  |  |  | over 20 hours of service every day during winter
Vero Beach, Florida | 15,220 | GoLine |  |  | free 14-route public transit system serves 700,000 annual riders
Walla Walla, Washington | 50,600 | Valley Transit | 1981 |  | Until 2026[156]
Westchester County | 1,004,457[157] | Bee-Line Bus System | 2022 |  | June 1 through September 5 (Labor Day)[158]
Wilmington, Vermont | 2,225 | Deerfield Valley Transit Association | 1996 | since 1996 | free 13-route public transit system operated by Southeast Vermont Transit serving 200,000 riders annually and providing commuter bus service between Bennington and Brattleboro. Operates as "the MOOver".
Wilsonville, Oregon | 19,509 | South Metro Area Regional Transit |  |  |
Worcester, Massachusetts  | 206,518  | Worcester Regional Transit Authority  | 2020  | since 2020  | All buses fare-free
Yakama Indian Reservation, Washington |  | Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation |  |  | [16]
Yamhill County, Oregon  | 107,722  | Yamhill County Transit  | 2020  | since 2020  | [159][160]
Irvine, California  | 307,670  | City of Irvine  | 2024  | since 2024  | operated by local municipal government, beginning as a one-year pilot[161]

### Oceania

#### Australia

Town/City  | Population  | Service/operator  | First year  | Duration  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|

Adelaide CBD, South Australia  | 18,202  | Adelaide Metro  |  |  | Four bus routes that run a loop around the CBD and neighbouring North Adelaide are free, as well as all trams between the Adelaide Entertainment Centre and South Terrace.[162]
Template:Country data Northern TerritoryScript error: The function "pwarning" does not exist. Alice Springs, Northern Territory  | 25,912  | CDC Northern Territory  | 2025  | since 2025  | [163]
Template:Country data Northern TerritoryScript error: The function "pwarning" does not exist. Darwin, Northern Territory  | 139,902  | CDC Northern Territory  | 2025  | since 2025  | [163]
Docklands, Victoria  | 15,495  | Yarra Trams  | 2015  | since 2014  | All trams in the suburb are within the tram network's Free Tram Zone.[164]
Melbourne CBD, Victoria  | 54,941  | Yarra Trams  | 2015  | since 2015  | All trams in the suburb north of the Yarra River are within the tram network's Free Tram Zone.[164]
Perth CBD, Western Australia  | 13,670  | Transperth  |  |  | Free travel on buses and on trains between City West, Elizabeth Quay, and Claisebrook.[165]

## Perception and analysis

Fare-free transit has been repeatedly demonstrated to increase ridership—especially during non-peak travel periods—and customer satisfaction.[166] Several analyses[167][168][169] have shown ridership increased by as much as 15% overall and about 45% during the off-peak periods. The effects on public transport operators included schedule adherence problems because of the increased ridership and more complaints about rowdiness from younger passengers, though there is a reduction in altercations relating to fare collection.[167] When the University of California, Los Angeles covered fares for the university community, ridership increased by 56% in the first year and solo driving fell by 20%.[169]

In the United States, mass transit systems that collect fares are only expected to generate about 10% of the annual revenue themselves, with the remainder covered by either public or private investment and advertisements.[131] Therefore, politicians and social-justice advocacy groups, such as the Swedish network Planka.nu, see zero-fare public transport as a low-cost, high-impact approach to reducing economic inequality.[170] It has also been argued that transportation to and from work is essential to the employer in the managing of work hours, so financing of public transportation should fall to employers rather than private individuals or public funds.[171]

## See also

* Car-free movement
* Effects of the car on societies
* Movimento Passe Livre, Brazilian movement campaigning for free public transport
* Planka.nu Swedish membership network which pays the penalty fare if you get caught without paying ticket
* Reduced fare programs
* Transport divide
* Universal basic services
* Universal transit pass
* Urban vitality
* 9-Euro-Ticket (in Germany in June, July and August 2022)

## Further reading

* Štraub, Daniel; Hess, Daniel Baldwin (2025). "Re-examining fare-free public transport for greater inclusivity". Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. 33.

## References

1. ↑ "Luxembourg becomes first country with free public transport". France 24 (Luxembourg). 29 February 2020. https://www.france24.com/en/20200229-luxembourg-becomes-first-country-with-free-public-transport.
2. ↑ "Luxembourg makes public transport free". Deutsche Welle (DW). 29 February 2020. https://www.dw.com/en/luxembourg-makes-public-transport-free/a-52582998.
3. ↑ Kirby, Paul (29 February 2020). "Free transport in Luxembourg, but what's the cost?". BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-51657085.
4. ↑ Abnett, Kate (29 February 2020). "Luxembourg becomes first country to make public transport free". Reuters (Luxembourg). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-luxembourg-politics-transportation-idUSKBN20N0RX.
5. ↑ Calder, Simon (29 February 2020). "'Like the first step on the moon': Luxembourg makes history as first country with free public transport". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/luxembourg-free-travel-train-bus-tram-public-transport-rail-fares-ticket-a9366226.html.
6. ↑ "Malta makes most public transport free". 2022-10-06. https://cities-today.com/malta-makes-most-public-transport-free/.
7. ↑ '10 jaar gratis openbaar vervoer' (tr. 10 years of free public transport) (in Dutch) on the city's official website
8. ↑ Shearlaw, Maeve (11 October 2016). "The Tallinn experiment: what happens when a city makes public transport free?". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/oct/11/tallinn-experiment-estonia-public-transport-free-cities.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Beekman, Daniel (November 13, 2023). "Clallam Transit will be latest of many WA systems to go fare-free". The Seattle Times. https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/clallam-transit-will-be-latest-of-many-wa-systems-to-go-fare-free/.
10. ↑ Kroman, David (September 1, 2022). "Free transit starts today for most youths across WA". The Seattle Times. https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/free-transit-starts-today-for-most-youths-across-wa/.
11. ↑ "Serbia's capital Belgrade to make public transport free". 18 December 2024. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241218-serbia-s-capital-belgrade-to-make-public-transport-free.
12. ↑ "Dubai RTA launches free bus service to cover partial metro closure". http://www.khaleejtimes.com/news/transport/dubai-rta-launches-free-bus-service-to-cover-partial-metro-closure.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "About". https://tribaltransit.com/about/.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "TRANSIT SERVICES – Spokane Tribe of Indians". https://www.spokanetribe.com/resources/dnr/transit-services/.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "CTUIR Public Transit | Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation". 2010. https://indigenousgov.hks.harvard.edu/publications/ctuir-public-transit-confederated-tribes-umatilla-indian-reservation.
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Yakama Indian Nation". 9 February 2016. https://www.npaihb.org/member-tribes/yakama-indian-nation/.
17. ↑ Houston, Will (30 October 2019). "SMART offers free rides as full service returns". Marin Independent Journal. https://www.marinij.com/2019/10/30/smart-offers-free-rides-as-full-service-returns/.
18. ↑ "Smart Train Service Running On Limited Schedule Wednesday Through Nov. 6.". Bay City News Service. 29 October 2019. https://www.sfgate.com/news/bayarea/article/Smart-Train-Service-Running-On-Limited-Schedule-14572872.php.
19. ↑ "COTA suspends fares amid Level 2 Snow Emergency in Franklin County" (in en-US). 16 February 2021. https://www.10tv.com/article/news/local/cota-suspends-bus-fare-snow-emergency-franklin-county/530-4327a5df-4b12-4354-a0a9-1a17db97305b.
20. ↑ Gutman, David (2019-04-28). "You can ride King County Metro buses for free during the next snow emergency". https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/you-can-ride-king-county-metro-buses-for-free-during-the-next-snow-emergency/.
21. ↑ "Is Free Transit Safer? As Ridership Drops, Some Agencies Cut Fares." (in en). Bloomberg.com. 2020-03-19. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-19/some-transit-agencies-cut-fares-as-ridership-drops.
22. ↑ Goldberg, Dori. "The New Geography of Fare-Free Public Transport: Examining the Suspension of Fares in the United States During COVID-19." Brussels: Master in Urban Studies (ULB/VUB) (2021).
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Phillips, Aleks (29 March 2026). "Two Australian states offer free public transport as war pushes up fuel prices". BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c937n0yxggeo.
24. ↑ Ley, Ana (30 January 2024). "New Subway Fare Gates and Platform Barriers Fail to Impress New Yorkers". https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/30/nyregion/subway-mta-fare-gates.html.
25. ↑ "Franse chauffeurs voor gratis buskaartje". Volkskrant.nl. 10 June 2008. http://www.volkskrant.nl/economie/article546941.ece/Franse_chauffeurs_voor_gratis_buskaartje.
26. ↑ Bull, Owen; Muñoz, Juan Carlos; Silva, Hugo E. (January 2021). "The impact of fare-free public transport on travel behavior: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial". Regional Science and Urban Economics 86. doi:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2020.103616. Bibcode: 2021RSUE...86j3616B.
27. ↑ Štraub, Daniel; Hess, Daniel Baldwin (May 2025). "Re-examining fare-free public transport for greater inclusivity". Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 31. doi:10.1016/j.trip.2025.101454. Bibcode: 2025TrRIP..3101454S.
28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 "5 Environmental Benefits of Sustainable Transportation" (in en). 2021-10-07. https://transportation.ucla.edu/blog/5-environmental-benefits-sustainable-transportation.
29. ↑ "Getting Around in Luxembourg City" (in en). https://www.luxembourg-city.com/en/plan-your-stay/traveller-information/getting-around.
30. ↑ "Luxembourg to become first country in world to make public transport free" (in en). 2018-12-05. https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/luxembourg-free-trains-public-transport-trams-buses-when-a8668496.html.
31. ↑ "Free public transport in Estonia". The Economist. https://www.economist.com/europe/2019/05/09/free-public-transport-in-estonia.
32. ↑ "Estonia to Become the World's First Free Public Transport Nation" (in en). 16 May 2018. https://popupcity.net/observations/estonia-to-become-the-worlds-first-free-public-transport-nation/.
33. ↑ Karin Koppel (2023-09-26). "Ratas: Abolishing free public transport a huge mistake" (in en). ERR. https://news.err.ee/1609112600/ratas-abolishing-free-public-transport-a-huge-mistake.
34. ↑ "Live blog: Budget 2022 as it happens". Times of Malta. 11 October 2020. https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/live-blog-budget-2022-as-it-happens.907150.
35. ↑ "Over-60s to keep free bus pass privileges in Scotland". 2 August 2018. https://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/over-60s-to-keep-free-bus-pass-privileges-in-scotland-269518.
36. ↑ "Apply for an older person's bus pass" (in en). https://www.gov.uk/apply-for-elderly-person-bus-pass.
37. ↑ "Free and concessionary bus and rail travel | nidirect" (in en). 2015-10-30. https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/free-and-concessionary-bus-and-rail-travel.
38. ↑ Diamond, Claire (31 January 2022). "Free bus travel for under-22s in Scotland begins". BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-60087004.
39. ↑ "Information on other concessionary travel and discounted schemes". https://www.transport.gov.scot/concessionary-travel/information-on-other-concepeoplessionary-travel-and-discounted-schemes/.
40. ↑ "Elevii din România vor avea transport gratuit" (in ro). Romania: Ministerul Educației Naționale. 2020-05-29. https://www.edu.ro/elevii-din-românia-vor-avea-transport-gratuit.
41. ↑ "Student Travel Product (Student OV) | NS" (in en). https://www.ns.nl/en/students/studentenreisproduct-students-ov.html.
42. ↑ "Studentenreisproduct" (in nl). https://duo.nl/particulier/ov-en-reizen/.
43. ↑ Gadhavi, Jasmine (15 July 2022). "Spain announces free rail journeys from September until the end of the year". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/money/2022/jul/15/spain-announces-free-rail-journeys-from-september-until-the-end-of-the-year.
44. ↑ "Key changes in Hungarian public transport summarised in 10 points - Daily News Hungary". 10 January 2024. https://dailynewshungary.com/key-changes-in-hungarian-public-transport-summarised-in-10-points/.
45. ↑ "Domestic fares - Travel information" (in en). VOLÁNBUSZ. https://www.volanbusz.hu/en/travel-information/buying-ticket/domestic-fares.
46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Citizensinformation.ie. "Free travel in Ireland" (in en). https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/social-welfare/extra-social-welfare-benefits/free-travel/.
47. ↑ "Læsø pakkerejser". https://laesoe-booking.dk/nt-bussen/.
48. ↑ "Kom rundt på Ærø med den gratis bus". https://www.visitaeroe.dk/aeroe/explore/gratis-bus-paa-aeroe-gdk1084994.
49. ↑ Lot : les bus de Cahors deviennent gratuits (tr. Lot: Cahors buses become free). By Stéphanie Bousquet. 5 Nov 2019. By France 3 Occitanie.
50. ↑ "Народные маршруты автобусов (бесплатный проезд) – Транспорт города Воронежа. Маршруты, Расписания. Авто, Метро, Трамвай, Троллейбус, Автобусы, Поезда, Авиатранспорт, Водный транспорт, Такси, Пробки, Форумы. Объявления. Предприятия". http://www.transport.mirvoronezha.ru/avtobus/gorodskoy-avtobus/marshrutyi-gorodskih-i-prigorodnyih-avtobusov/6.
51. ↑ "Миасс" (in ru). transphoto.ru. http://transphoto.ru/city/229/.
52. ↑ (Manises) municipal website (in Spanish) www.lasprovincias.es retrieved 2009-05-08
53. ↑ "Tarjeta de Movilidad para uso gratuito del servicio de autobús urbano". Ayuntamiento de Marbella. 7 February 2019. https://ayuntamiento.marbella.es/documentos/tramites/item/3247-tarjeta-de-movilidad-para-uso-gratuito-del-servicio-de-autobus-urbano.html.
54. ↑ "Free Bus Travel" (in en-gb). https://www.tfwm.org.uk/plan-your-journey/ways-to-travel/buses-in-the-west-midlands/free-bus-travel/.
55. ↑ Avesta, Sweden retrieved 2016-06-17
56. ↑ "Kollektivtrafik | Vellinge kommun". 4 May 2026. https://vellinge.se/samhalle-och-miljo/resa-ga-och-cykla/kollektivtrafik.
57. ↑ "Res- och busskort | Vellinge kommun". 25 May 2026. https://vellinge.se/forskola-och-skola/gymnasium/res--och-busskort.
58. ↑ Kiruna municipality website (in Swedish) retrieved 2012-07-09
59. ↑ "CENNIK BILETÓW" (in pl-PL). 2025-05-28. https://zecstar.pl/zec-komunikacja/cennik-biletow/.
60. ↑ HotNews.ro – Premiera in Romania: Municipiul Lugoj va avea transport in comun gratuit  (tr. Premiere in Romania: Lugoj will have free public transport), www.hotnews.ro
61. ↑ "Vinerea Verde: Transport public gratuit în fiecare zi de vineri • Cluj-Napoca". https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/informatii-publice/comunicate/vinerea-verde-transport-public-gratuit-in-fiecare-zi-de-vineri/.
62. ↑ "Transport public GRATUIT pentru ploieşteni, până în 2015". 2014-03-12. http://www.romaniatv.net/transport-public-gratuit-pentru-ploiesteni-pana-in-2015_132042.html.
63. ↑ "VINEREA VERDE: de luna aceasta, transportul public în municipiu este gratuit, în fiecare vineri". 2023-07-03. https://www.arq.ro/vinerea-verde-de-luna-aceasta-transportul-public-in-municipiu-este-gratuit-in-fiecare-vineri/52782.
64. ↑ "ilioupoli.gr municipality-transportation". http://www.ilioupoli.gr/e-services/municipality-transportation.aspx.
65. ↑ "City bus – Free of charge". http://www.visitakureyri.is/en/transport/city-bus-free-of-charge.
66. ↑ "Tallinlase tasuta sõit Elron rongides" (in et). Tallinn City Government. http://www.tallinn.ee/est/pilet/Tasuta-soit-Elron-rongides.
67. ↑ "Türi linna tasuta bussiliin". http://www.tyri.ee/turi-linna-tasuta-bussiliin.
68. ↑ a.s., Lomtec.com. "Cestovný poriadok MHD Senec platný od 15.12.2019 – Informačný portál mesta Senec". https://www.senec.sk/sk/uradny-oznam/cestovny-poriadok-mad-senec-platny-od-15122019-do-12122020-kvoli-protiepidemiologickym-opatreniam-mad-nepremava-do-192020.
69. ↑ "Aubagne aura le premier tramway au monde entièrement gratuit!". 6 July 2011. http://carfree.fr/index.php/2011/07/06/aubagne-aura-le-premier-tramway-au-monde-entierement-gratuit/.
70. ↑ [1](in French)
71. ↑ Bliss, Laura (20 December 2017). "The French City That Shocked Citizens By Making Transit Free". Bloomberg.com. https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2017/12/the-french-city-that-shocked-citizens-by-making-transit-free/548321/.
72. ↑ Boyer King, Emilie (9 November 2017). "Want a free ride? French cities opt for free public transport – France 24". http://www.france24.com/en/20171109-france-french-cities-public-transport-free-dunkirk-compiegne.
73. ↑ Tartaglia, Andrea (2018-10-05). "Metro e bus gratis per gli studenti dell'Università di Catania". http://catania.mobilita.org/2018/10/05/metro-e-bus-gratis-per-gli-studenti-dalluniversita-di-catania-servizio-gia-attivo-sui-mezzi-amt/.
74. ↑ Smogový regulační systém (tr. Smog control system), ENVIS Praha/ envis.praha-mesto.cz
75. ↑ Tarif PID , XIV., 3.
76. ↑ Viktor Chrást: Valašské Meziříčí chystá MHD zdarma, zaplatí ji pokuty za rychlou jízdu (tr. Valašské Meziříčí is preparing free public transport, it will pay fines for fast driving), iDnes.cz, 2017-04-19
77. ↑ Ve Valašském Meziříčí bude městská hromadná doprava zdarma a pro všechny (tr.In Valašské Meziříčí, public transport will be free and for everyone), Valašské Meziříčí, 2017-04-13
78. ↑ Alena Šrámková: MHD zadarmo! Od nového roku (tr. Free public transport! Since the new year), Strakonický deník, 2017-11-19
79. ↑ Radek Štěpánek: Strakonice mají MHD zdarma pro všechny. Je to populismus, říká opozice (tr.Strakonice has free public transport for everyone. It's populism, the opposition says), iDnes.cz, 12. 1. 2018
80. ↑ Pavel Křivohlavý: Lovosice zavedly MHD zdarma, chtějí tím snížit počet aut ve městě (tr. Lovosice has introduced free public transport, so they want to reduce the number of cars in the city), iDnes.cz, 2018-01-29
81. ↑ Litoměřice budou mít MHD zdarma, stejně jako sousední Lovosice (tr. Litoměřice will have free public transport, as will neighboring Lovosice), iDnes.cz, 2. 3. 2018
82. ↑ Změny linek ČSAD Benešov, a.s. (tr. Changes to ČSAD Benešov, a.s.), projekt Zastávka/www.zastavka.net
83. ↑ Lidé v Kolíně budou příští rok jezdit městskou dopravou zdarma (tr. People in Kolin will ride free public transport next year), Seznamzpravy.cz
84. ↑ "Tórshavn City Bus Routes – Tórshavnar kommuna". http://www.torshavn.fo/Default.aspx?pageid=679.
85. ↑ "Jagodina free public transport". 3 May 2021. https://www.b92.net/lokal/jagodina/ekonomija-godinama-je-besplatan-kako-funkcionise-autobuski-prevoz-u-jagodini-video-1821710.
86. ↑ "В Кривом Роге проезд в коммунальном транспорте сделал бесплатным для всех". https://gorod.dp.ua/news/203877.
87. ↑ "Выделено более миллиарда: украинцы смогут бесплатно ездить общественным транспортом". 23 November 2023. https://gsminfo.com.ua/156122-vыdeleno-bolee-myllyarda-ukraynczы-smogut-besplatno-ezdyt-obshhestvennыm-transportom.html#:~:text=В 2024 году в Харькове,этом сообщает Харьковский городской портал..
88. ↑ "Belgrade to make public transport free from January 1". 12 December 2024. https://www.dw.com/en/belgrade-to-make-public-transport-free-from-january-1/a-71102418#:~:text=Belgrade is set to offer,Aleksandar Sapic, announced on Wednesday..
89. ↑ "U Beogradu od danas besplatan javni prevoz, nepoznato koliko će Grad morati da plati". 1 January 2025. https://www.danas.rs/vesti/ekonomija/u-beogradu-od-danas-besplatan-javni-prevoz-nepoznato-koliko-ce-grad-morati-da-plati.
90. ↑ "Tamil Nadu launches free bus travel for women's empowerment". 18 June 2021. https://frontline.thehindu.com/social-issues/gender/free-rides-women-empowerment-tamil-nadu-bus-ticket-scheme-critical-evaluation/article34793039.ece.
91. ↑ 91.0 91.1 "Maçoğlu'ndan 'ücretsiz ulaşım' açıklaması: Kâr-zarar hesabı yapılmaz, halkın parası bu" (in tr). soL. 6 April 2022. https://haber.sol.org.tr/haber/macoglundan-ucretsiz-ulasim-aciklamasi-kar-zarar-hesabi-yapilmaz-halkin-parasi-bu-331783.
92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 "Transporte público grátis já existe em cidades brasileiras". Envolverde. 17 June 2013. http://envolverde.com.br/noticias/transporte-publico-gratis-ja-existe-em-cidades-brasileiras/.
93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 93.2 "Transporte gratuito é realidade em cidades brasileiras". A Tarde. http://atarde.uol.com.br/brasil/materias/1510873-transporte-gratuito-e-realidade-em-cidades-brasileiras.
94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 "Tarifa zero é possível: conheça cidades que têm transporte público gratuito". Brasil Metrópole. http://www.brasilmetropole.com.br/entretenimento2/noticias-mundiais/5864-tarifa-zero-e-possivel-conheca-cidades-que-tem-transporte-publico-gratuito.
95. ↑ "Prefeitura de Potirendaba garante circular gratuita para população". Prefeitura de Potirendaba. http://www.potirendaba.sp.gov.br/noticia.asp?id=77.
96. ↑ "Moura Júnior anuncia tarifa zero no transporte público de Paulínia, SP". G1. 2013-07-17. http://g1.globo.com/sp/campinas-regiao/noticia/2013/07/moura-junior-anuncia-tarifa-zero-no-transporte-publico-de-paulinia-sp.html.
97. ↑ "Fim do monopólio: transporte público é gratuito em Maricá". Prefeitura de Maricá. http://www.marica.rj.gov.br/?s=noticia&n=4737.
98. ↑ "Tarifa zero: transporte público é de graça em Muzambinho, MG". G1. 2013-06-24. http://g1.globo.com/mg/sul-de-minas/noticia/2013/06/tarifa-zero-transporte-publico-e-de-graca-em-muzambinho-mg.html.
99. ↑ ""Tarifa zero" é realidade em alguns municípios pequenos do Brasil". Gazeta do Povo. http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/vidaecidadania/conteudo.phtml?id=1384582.
100. ↑ "Transporte de tarifa zero completa um ano e meio de existência". Prefeitura de Silva Jardim. http://www.silvajardim.rj.gov.br/site/index.php/transporte/597-transporte-de-tarifa-zero-completa-um-ano-e-meio-de-existência.
101. ↑ Landin, Lucas (2022). Tarifa Zero: La financiación del transporte público gratuito en el Municipio de Vargem Grande Paulista, Brasil (MPP). University of Chile.
102. ↑ Town of Canmore. "Paid Parking and Fare Free Transit". https://canmore.ca/projects/transportation-projects/paid-parking-fare-free-transit.
103. ↑ Cold Lake Transit (31 January 2022). "Cold Lake Transit". https://www.coldlake.com/content/cold-lake-transit.
104. ↑ Ville de Mont Tremblant. "Ville de Mont Tremblant". https://www.villedemont-tremblant.qc.ca/en/citizens/transportation/mont-tremblant-public-transit-tcmt.
105. ↑ Dunne, James (11 November 2024). "Free transit actually is a thing, and you might be surprised where". CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/free-transit-orangeville-1.7378695.
106. ↑ "Zero Fares is Here to Stay". City of Albuquerque. https://www.cabq.gov/transit/news/zero-fares-is-here-to-stay.
107. ↑ "DASH to Launch New Bus Network, Go Fare-Free on Sept. 5". Alexandria Transit Company. https://www.dashbus.com/NDNLaunch.
108. ↑ "ACC Commissioners approve large, ambitious budget". Athens Politics Nerd. 15 June 2021. https://athenspoliticsnerd.com/fy-2022-acc-budget/.
109. ↑ Giovanni, Larry Di (2026-03-26). "Free bus rides for APT at least another year – Athens County Independent" (in en-US). https://athensindependent.com/acc-apt-032336-2/.
110. ↑ "The Town of Avon is serviced by free bus service". Avon Mobility Department. https://www.avon.org/2038/Mobility.
111. ↑ "BT to Implement Fare Free Service - Effective 4/2/2020". Town of Blacksburg, VA. April 2, 2020. https://www.blacksburg.gov/Home/Components/News/News/9166/.
112. ↑ "Fare Information". Blacksburg Transit. https://www.ridebt.org/fare-information.
113. ↑ Otey, Jazmine (December 14, 2022). "Blacksburg residents can now ride public buses free of charge". WSLS-TV. https://www.wsls.com/news/local/2022/12/14/blacksburg-residents-can-now-ride-public-buses-free-of-charge/.
114. ↑ "appalcart.com - Microsoft Word - AppalCART Overview110125.doc - overview02-01-11.pdf". http://appalcart.com/media/overview02-01-11.pdf.
115. ↑ "Fare Price Breakdown | Fixed & Reduced Rates | BCRTA" (in en-US). https://www.butlercountyrta.com/bgo-curb-to-curb/fare-price-breakdown/.
116. ↑ "Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority Launches Fare-Free Bus Service & Assesses Future Needs | Town of Brewster". https://www.brewster-ma.gov/home/news/cape-cod-regional-transit-authority-launches-fare-free-bus-service-assesses-future-needs.
117. ↑ "Clovis is doubling its free public transit service. Here’s what it will cost". https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article311796100.html.
118. ↑ Reporter, Parker Knight, KOMU 8 (2025-08-29). "Go COMO and Columbia Public Works will ask City Council to keep buses free to ride" (in en). https://www.komu.com/news/midmissourinews/go-como-and-columbia-public-works-will-ask-city-council-to-keep-buses-free-to/article_7646e934-719e-4f57-b467-20b7ffff2227.html.
119. ↑ "Transportation Services". City of Commerce, California (municipal web site). http://www.ci.commerce.ca.us/index.aspx?NID=90.
120. ↑ "Corvallis Transit System drops bus fares". Corvallis Gazette-Times. 1 February 2011. http://www.gazettetimes.com/news/local/corvallis-transit-system-drops-bus-fares/article_e6ae31e0-2e8e-11e0-9a07-001cc4c002e0.html.
121. ↑ RTA Launches The Flyer – A Free Shuttle Bus Service Downtown, 18 October 2018, https://mostmetro.com/the-featured-articles/rta-launches-the-flyer-a-free-shuttle-bus-service-downtown.html, retrieved 19 November 2021
122. ↑ Q-LINE, https://www.qlinedetroit.com/
123. ↑ Hoggard, Emma (2025-12-15). "It will be free to ride El Paso County buses until September 2026" (in en-US). https://kvia.com/news/el-paso/2025/12/15/it-will-be-free-to-ride-el-paso-county-buses-until-september-2026/.
124. ↑ "CUE Zero-Fare Pilot" (in en). City of Fairfax, VA. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/public-works/transportation-division/cue-bus-system/cue-fare-free-pilot.
125. ↑ "About | RideTransfort" (in en). City of Fort Collins, CO. http://ridetransfort.com/abouttransfort/safety.
126. ↑ Veress, Leah. "The Streamline 'lifeline': In 20th year, Gallatin Valley’s zero-fare transit plans its next decade". https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/streamline-bozeman-publictransit-transportation/article_5b002b49-11d5-463f-8b23-9f68a0fa61b7.html.
127. ↑ "Zero Fares". Grant Transit Authority. https://www.granttransit.com/buy-a-pass.
128. ↑ "Hele-On extends free fare program through 2025". 29 March 2023. https://www.masstransitmag.com/technology/fare-collection/press-release/53042872/county-of-hawaii-mass-transit-agency-hele-on-extends-free-fare-program-through-2025.
129. ↑ Hansen, Ryan. "Iowa City will continue to offer free bus rides for at least another year. What to know" (in en-US). https://www.press-citizen.com/story/news/local/2025/07/17/iowa-citys-fare-free-transit-program-will-continue-through-2026/84505242007/.
130. ↑ "Fares & Passes". Jefferson Transit. 18 November 2011. https://jeffersontransit.com/fares-passes/.
131. ↑ 131.0 131.1 "Americans spend over 15% of their budgets on transportation costs—these US cities are trying to make it free". Online. 2 March 2020. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/02/free-public-transportation-is-a-reality-in-100-citiesheres-why.html.
132. ↑ "Transportation | Visit Coeur d'Alene". https://coeurdalene.org/discover/area-information/transportation/.
133. ↑ "Transit" (in en). https://www.uwyo.edu/transportation/transit/index.html.
134. ↑ Parra, Ariana (2022-11-28). "Las Cruces RoadRUNNER begins zero-fare trial period" (in en). https://cbs4local.com/news/local/las-cruces-new-mexico-roadrunner-transit-bus-begins-zero-fare-trial-period.
135. ↑ "Roadrunner Transit - City of Las Cruces" (in en-US). https://lascruces.gov/community/transportation/roadrunner-transit/.
136. ↑ "Ride Lawrence Transit buses fare-free for 2025" (in en-US). 2024-11-01. https://lawrencekstimes.com/2024/11/01/transit-fare-free-25/.
137. ↑ Hatfield, Tyler (2025-11-11). "ALL ABOARD! Martin County makes public transit free after commission approval" (in en). https://www.wptv.com/news/treasure-coast/region-martin-county/martin-county-makes-public-transit-free-after-commission-approval.
138. ↑ Armstrong, Jack. "MATA extends zero fare program another 90 days. What to know" (in en-US). https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/news/local/2026/03/24/mata-zero-fare-program-extended/89301547007/.
139. ↑ Goldstein, Alexis (2025-12-01). "Free Buses Can Be a Reality — Just Look at Maryland" (in en-US). https://truthout.org/articles/free-buses-can-be-a-reality-just-look-at-maryland/. "Montgomery County first made its “Ride On” buses free to all riders under 18 in 2019. Then on June 29, 2025, it made all of its buses fare-free for all passengers… In the three months since free fares were instituted, ridership has increased by 5.4 percent"
140. ↑ McBride, Allison (2025-07-02). "Montgomery County makes all Ride On buses free for riders" (in en-US). https://www.fox5dc.com/news/montgomery-county-makes-all-ride-buses-free-riders.
141. ↑ Regional Public Transportation, http://www.smarttransit.org/, retrieved 23 November 2018
142. ↑ 142.0 142.1 "Q70 Bus to LaGuardia Is Free for All Starting May 1, Hochul Says". April 27, 2022. https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/q70-bus-to-laguardia-airport-free-for-all-starting-may-1-hochul-announces/3666084/.
143. ↑ "NYC officials assures New Yorkers new MTA fare-free bus program is 'not a pipe dream'". ABC 7 New York. 20 September 2023. https://abc7ny.com/mta-pilot-program-fare-free-bus-lines-routes-nyc/13805699/.
144. ↑ Matteo, Mike (August 29, 2024). "NYC fare-free bus pilot to end this weekend: What riders on Staten Island need to know". https://www.silive.com/news/2024/08/nyc-fare-free-bus-pilot-to-end-this-weekend-what-riders-on-staten-island-need-to-know.html.
145. ↑ Bashan, Yoni (2014-04-03). "Save Your Change: This Ride on New York's Roosevelt Island is Free" (in en-US). Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304441304579477862046443926.html.
146. ↑ Sontag, Deborah (July 5, 1997). "On the Staten Island Ferry, Illusory 'Free Ride' Is Reality" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/05/nyregion/on-the-staten-island-ferry-illusory-free-ride-is-reality.html.
147. ↑ "New city bus routes and transit center starting in October" (in en). 2023-09-16. https://www.normantranscript.com/news/new-city-bus-routes-and-transit-center-starting-in-october/article_d78ccb9e-5410-11ee-aa30-bb3580c9e2a2.html.
148. ↑ Jira, Violet (2022-04-28). "Inside Oxford-University Transit: The system that keeps Oxford moving" (in en-US). https://thedmonline.com/inside-oxford-university-transit-the-system-that-moves-a-city/.
149. ↑ "Free rides extended and new system plan approved for Truckee Tahoe Area Regional Transit | Placer County, CA". https://www.placer.ca.gov/10569/TART-systems-update-and-free-rides.
150. ↑ "UVX Service Starts August 13". Online. https://www.rideuta.com/news/2018/08/UVX-Service-Starts-August-13.
151. ↑ "Radford VA Transit – Radford VA Transit". https://radfordtransit.com/.
152. ↑ Mirshahi, Dean (2025-04-08). "VCU not committed to future funding for GRTC's $0 fares" (in en). https://www.vpm.org/news/2025-04-08/grtc-vcu-rva-rapid-transit-free-fare-bus-ride-funding-faith-walker.
153. ↑ "Terre Haute Transit Goes Fare-Free" (in en). https://www.planetizen.com/news/2024/12/132983-terre-haute-transit-goes-fare-free.
154. ↑ "Tucson's public transit system is now officially free to ride". Online. 10 May 2023. https://azluminaria.org/2023/05/09/tucsons-public-transit-system-is-now-officially-free-to-ride-a-first-in-arizona/.
155. ↑ "All Transit Rides Are Free". Online. https://www.suntran.com/fares-passes/.
156. ↑ Dinman, Emry (June 13, 2022). "Walla Walla's Valley Transit eliminates most fares for riders until 2026". Walla Walla Union-Bulletin. https://www.union-bulletin.com/news/local/governments/walla-wallas-valley-transit-eliminates-most-fares-for-riders-until-2026/article_b055c546-e835-11ec-8e11-0bed066629f9.html.
157. ↑ ""QuickFacts Westchester County, New York".". U.S. Census Bureau. .. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/westchestercountynewyork/PST045216.
158. ↑ "Ride Bee-Line for Free this Summer". https://transportation.westchestergov.com/ride-bee-line-for-free-this-summer.
159. ↑ "County transit to seek route decrease, free fares" (in en). 2020-03-30. http://newsregister.com/article?articleId=36672.
160. ↑ admin. "Fares" (in en-US). https://ycbus.org/fares-buses/.
161. ↑ "Irvine CONNECT" (in en). 2024-02-13. https://www.cityofirvine.org/transportation/irvine-connect.
162. ↑ "Free and special services" (in en). 2024-07-01. https://www.adelaidemetro.com.au/plan-a-trip/free-and-special-transport.
163. ↑ 163.0 163.1 "Bus tickets and fares" (in en). 2025-07-09. https://nt.gov.au/driving/public-transport-cycling/public-buses/fares.
164. ↑ 164.0 164.1 "Public transport | City of Melbourne" (in en). https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/public-transport.
165. ↑ "Transperth Free Travel". https://www.transperth.wa.gov.au/tickets-fares/free-travel.
166. ↑ D'Alessandro, Antonio. "Fare-Free Transit – A Strategy for Sustainable Transportation". Government of Quebec. http://www.bv.transports.gouv.qc.ca/mono/1023088/06_Municipalites_zones_urbaines/15_Fare_free_transit_strategy_sustainable_transportation.pdf.
167. ↑ 167.0 167.1 Studenmund, A.H.; Connor, David (July 1982). "The free-fare transit experiments". Transportation Research Part A: General 16 (4): 261–269. doi:10.1016/0191-2607(82)90053-X.
168. ↑ Doxsey, L.B.; Spear, B.D. (1981). "Free-Fare Transit: Some Empirical Findings". Transportation Research Record (799): 47–49. https://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1981/799/799-010.pdf.
169. ↑ 169.0 169.1 Brown, Jeffrey; Hess, Daniel Baldwin; Shoup, Donald (September 2003). "Fare-Free Public Transit at Universities: An Evaluation". Journal of Planning Education and Research 23 (1): 69–82. doi:10.1177/0739456X03255430.
170. ↑ "Free public transport". http://planka.nu/eng.
171. ↑ Planka.nu: Kollektivtrafik ska vara avgiftsfri (tr. Public transport must be free of charge) (Swedish)

## External links

* freepublictransports.com Network of groups promoting free public transport
* freepublictransit.org Advocacy website
* Argument against free public transport
* Free Public Transport and the Right to the City. Yavor Tarinski. Resilience.org. Published 25 July 2018.

* v
* t
* e

Public transport

Bus service|

* Bus
* driver
* list
* Bus rapid transit
* Charabanc
* Express bus
* Guided bus
* Intercity bus
* driver
* Open top bus
* Public light bus
* Rail replacement bus
* Shuttle bus
* Transit bus
* Trolleybus

Rail|

* Cable car
* Commuter rail
* Elevated railway
* Funicular
* Heavy rail
* Heritage railway
* Heritage streetcar
* High-speed rail
* Higher-speed rail
* Horsecar
* Inter-city rail
* Interurban
* Light rail
* Maglev Train
* Medium-capacity rail system
* Monorail
* Narrow-gauge railway
* People mover
* Railbus
* Rapid transit
* Regional rail
* Rubber-tyred metro
* Street running
* Suspension railway
* Tram
* Tram-train
* Vactrain

Vehicles
for hire|

* Auto rickshaw
* Boda boda
* Combination bus
* Cycle rickshaw
* Dollar van
* Dolmuş
* Gondola
* Hackney carriage
* Jeepney
* Limousine
* Motorcycle taxi
* Marshrutka
* Nanny van
* Paratransit
* Personal rapid transit
* Pesero
* Public light bus
* Pulled rickshaw
* Share taxi
* Songthaew
* Taxicab
* Tuk tuk

Carpooling|

* Car jockey
* Flexible carpooling
* Real-time ridesharing
* Slugging
* Vanpool

Ship|

* Cable ferry
* Ferry
* Hovercraft
* Hydrofoil
* Ocean liner
* Water taxi

Other
transport|

* Aerial tramway
* Airline
* Airliner
* Carsharing
* Elevator
* Escalator
* Gondola lift
* Horse-drawn vehicle
* Hyperloop
* Micromobility
* Bicycle-sharing
* Scooter-sharing
* Moving walkway
* Trackless train

Locations|

* Airport
* Bus bulb
* Bus garage (bus depot)
* Bus lane
* Bus stand
* Bus station
* Bus stop
* Bus terminus
* Bus turnout (bus bay)
* Dry dock
* Ferry terminal
* Hangar
* Harbor
* Interchange station
* Kassel kerb
* Layover
* Metro station
* Park and ride
* Port
* Queue jump
* Taxicab stand
* Train station
* Tram stop
* Transit mall
* Transport hub

Ticketing
and fares|

* Automated fare collection
* Bus advertising
* Contract of carriage
* Dead mileage
* Exit fare
* Fare avoidance
* Fare evasion
* Farebox recovery ratio
* Free public transport
* Free travel pass
* Integrated ticketing
* Manual fare collection
* Money train
* Paid area
* Proof-of-payment
* Reduced fare program
* Smart cards
* Ticket machine
* Transfer
* Transit pass

Routing|

* Circle route
* Cross-city route
* Network length
* Non-revenue track
* Radial route
* Transport network

Facilities|

* Checked baggage
* First class
* Sleeper
* Standing passenger
* Travel class

Scheduling|

* Bus bunching
* Clock-face scheduling
* Headway
* On-time performance
* Public transport timetable
* Short turn

Politics|

* Airport security
* Rail subsidies
* Security
* Transit district
* Transit police
* Transit-oriented development (TOD)
* Transportation authority

Other topics|

* Boarding
* Bus rapid transit creep
* Crush load
* Destination sign
* Dwell time
* Hail and ride
* Prohibited activities
* Request stop
* Passenger load factor
* Transit map

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