Non-financial risk

Short description: Risks not covered by traditional financial risk management

Venn Diagram of various non-financial risks. This is only one possible representation on how the different risk types overlap. Categories of

Financial risk
Credit risk

* Concentration risk

Market risk

* Interest rate risk
* Currency risk
* Equity risk
* Commodity risk

Liquidity risk

* Refinancing risk

Operational risk

* Country risk
* Legal risk
* Model risk
* Political risk
* Valuation risk
* Moral hazard

Reputational risk
Volatility risk
Settlement risk
Profit risk
Systemic risk
Non-financial risk

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Non-financial risks (NFR) are all of the risks which are not covered by traditional financial risk management.[1] This negative definition resembles the initial definition of operational risk, and it depends on the bank or corporation whether or not they use the term operational risk synchronously with NFR. Since 2019, the new term NFR became popular in the risk management sector.[2]

## Examples

Non-financial risks include:

* Operational risk (Op risk). In case that Op risk is considered a part of NFR (and not as equivalent), Op risk summarizes e.g. those risks which can be quantified by the use of scenario models. Examples are pandemics, floods and other weather events.
* Conduct risk means that the behavior of the cooperation's employees leads to losses.[3]
* Cyber risk and IT risk are possible losses due to security breaches.
* Compliance risks are risks related to governance, risk management, and compliance. Managing the compliance risk means putting a price tag on potential failures of adhering to self-given rules of the bank as well as regulatory compliance.
* Regulatory risk are possible losses due to changes of the law and regulations.
* Reputational Risk is potential loss caused by the damage to a firm's reputation.

All these risk types are closely related. In the case of a data leak (which is a cyber risk incident), the reputation of the company as a whole might be at stake.[4]

## References

1. ↑ Hida, Edward; Pieper, Michael. "The future of non-financial risk in financial services". Deloitte. https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/risk/articles/non-financial-risk.html. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
2. ↑ Tattam, David. "Non-Financial Risk – Why the big focus?". Protecht. https://www.protechtgroup.com/blog/non-financial-risk-why-the-big-focus. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
3. ↑ Strachan, David. "Managing conduct risk - Addressing drivers, restoring trust". Deloitte. https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/financial-services/articles/managing-conduct-risk.html. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
4. ↑ Tolordava, Erekle (7 Feb 2020). "Changes to internal and external conditions and the consequent impact on an organization's risk situation require an adjustment to the organizational structure used for risk management.". Capgemini Invent. https://www.capgemini.com/2020/02/non-financial-risk-be-a-pioneer-in-key-areas-before-you-lead-the-list-of-fines/. Retrieved 16 September 2020.

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Financial risk and financial risk management

Categories|

| Credit risk|

* Concentration risk
* Consumer credit risk
* Credit derivative
* Securitization

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Market risk|

* Commodity risk (e.g. Volume risk, Basis risk, Shape risk, Holding period risk]], Price area risk)
* Equity risk
* FX risk
* Margining risk
* Interest rate risk
* Volatility risk
* Liquidity risk (e.g. Refinancing risk)

Operational risk|

* Operational risk management
* Legal risk
* Political risk
* Reputational risk
* Valuation risk

Other|

* Profit risk
* Settlement risk
* Systemic risk

Modeling|

* Market portfolio
* Modern portfolio theory
* RAROC
* Risk-free rate
* Risk parity
* Sharpe ratio
* Sortino ratio
* Value-at-Risk (VaR) and extensions Profit at risk, Margin at risk, Liquidity at risk

Basic concepts|

* Diversification
* Expected return
* Hazard
* Hedge
* Risk
* Risk pool
* Systematic risk
* Financial law

* Financial economics
* Investment management
* Mathematical finance

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