Pinkes

A pinkes (Yiddish: פּינקס, plural פּינקסים pinkeysim; Hebrew: פִּנְקֵס, also pinkas, פִּנְקָס, plural פִּנְקָסִים pinkasim) is the ledger of a Jewish community, in which the proceedings of and events relating to the community are recorded. Such record book were used to co-ordinate and document organizations in Jewish towns and villages throughout the early modern period in Europe.[1]

## Origin

The term pinkes is derived from the Greek word πίναξ, meaning a board or writing-tablet. It originally referred to a physical writing-tablet, as described in the Mishnah, which came in three types:

1. A tablet covered with dust, primarily used for arithmetical calculations, and large enough to serve as a seat;
2. A tablet covered with a layer of wax, where writing was done using a stylus; and
3. A smooth tablet written upon with ink.[2]

Over time, the term evolved to refer to a book composed of such tablets,[3] and eventually any written record. The use of "pinkes" to denote a register is found in the Mishnah: "The pinkes is open, and the hand writes."[4]

## References

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Seligsohn, M. (1905). "Pinḳes". in Singer, Isidore. The Jewish Encyclopedia. 10. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 46–47. https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/12168-pinkes.

1. ↑ Bell, Dean Phillip (2016). Jewish Identity in Early Modern Germany: Memory, Power and Community. Routledge. pp. 45–46. ISBN 978-1-317-11104-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=p0EfDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45.
2. ↑ Template:Cite Talmud
3. ↑ Template:Cite Talmud
4. ↑ Template:Cite Talmud

## External links

| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pinkes.

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* The Eastern European Pinkas Kahal: Image and Reality
* Pinkas of the Jewish Community of Pinczow
* Pages from the pinkas of the Vilna Gaon kloyz
* Pinkas of the Talmud Torah Religious School from Kopychintsy

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