Trade agreements of the European Union

Short description: Overview of trade agreements in the European Union

EU Trade agreements

European Union

Agreement in force

Agreement provisionally applied

Agreement signed, but not applied

Agreement initialed, not signed

Agreement being negotiated

Agreement negotiations on hold/suspended

The European Union negotiates trade agreements on behalf of all of its member states, as the member states have granted the EU has an "exclusive competence" to conclude trade agreements. Even so, member states' governments control every step of the process (via the Council of the European Union, whose members are national ministers from each national government):[1][2]

* Before negotiations start, member states' governments (via the Council of Ministers) approve the negotiating mandate;
* During negotiations, member states' governments are regularly briefed on the progress of negotiations and can update the negotiations mandate or suspend negotiations;
* Upon conclusion of negotiations, member states' governments decide whether the agreement should be signed;
* After approval from the European Parliament and (in case the agreement covers areas other than trade such as investment protection) upon ratification in each member state parliament, member states' governments decide whether the agreement should be concluded and enter into effect.

## Contents

* 1 Trade agreements in force
* 2 Trade agreements provisionally applied
* 3 Agreement signed (awaiting application)
* 4 Agreements being finalised (negotiations concluded, but not signed)
* 5 Negotiating new or modernised agreements
* 6 Negotiations on hold
* 7 Obsolete agreements
* 7.1 Soviet Union and its successors
* 8 Competence
* 9 Impact to consumers
* 10 No trade agreements
* 11 See also
* 12 Notes
* 13 References
* 14 External links

## Trade agreements in force

State  | No of jurisdictions represented[lower-alpha 1] | Signed | Provisional
application | In force since | Notes | Relations

|
|
|
|
|
|

Akrotiri and Dhekelia  | 1  | 2003  |  | 2004[3][lower-alpha 2] | Customs union  |
Albania  | 1  | 2006  | 2006[lower-alpha 3] | 2009[4] | SAA  | Negotiating for EU accession
Algeria  | 1  | 2002  |  | 2005[5] | Euro-mediterranean AA  | Algeria–European Union relations
Andean Community
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru  | 3  | 2012[6] | 2013, 2017  | 2024[7][8] | FTA[9][10] |
Andorra  | 1  | 1990  |  | 1991[11] | Customs union  | Andorra–EU relations
Angola  | 1  | 2023  |  | 2024[12] | SIFA  |
Armenia  | 1  | 2017  |  | 2021[13] | Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement

Includes investment provisions according to the UN database[14]

| Armenia–European Union relations
Azerbaijan  | 1  | 1996  |  | 1999[15] | Partnership and Cooperation Agreement

Includes investment provisions according to the UN database[14]

| Azerbaijan–European Union relations
Belarus  | 1  | 1989  |  | 1990/1991[16] | EEC-Euratom-Soviet Union Agreement on trade and commercial and economic cooperation  | Belarus–European Union relations
Bosnia and Herzegovina  | 1  | 2008  | 2008[lower-alpha 3] | 2015[17] | SAA  | Candidate for EU accession
Central America
Costa Rica
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
El Salvador  | 6  | 2012  | 2013  | 2024[18] | AA  | Central America–European Union Association Agreement
Chile  | 1  | 2002, 2023  | 2003, 2024  | 2005[19] 2025[20] | AA,[21] Interim & Updated EU-Chile AA  |
China  |  | 1985  |  | 1985[22] | EU-China Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation[23][24]Includes investment provisions according to the UN database[14] | China–European Union relations
Egypt  | 1  | 2001  |  | 2004[25] | Euro-mediterranean AA  | Egypt–European Union relations
Faroe Islands  | 1  | 1996  |  | 1997[26] | Autonomous entity of Denmark | Faroe Islands-EU relations
Georgia  | 1  | 2014  | 2014  | 2016[27] | AA incl DCFTA

Includes investment provisions according to the UN database[14]

| Georgia–EU relations and Candidate for EU accession
Iceland  | 1  | 1992  |  | 1994[28] | EEA  | Iceland–EU relations
Iraq  | 1  | 2012  |  | 2018[29] | Partnership and Cooperation Agreement  | Iraq–European Union relations
Israel  | 1  | 1995  | 1996[lower-alpha 3][30] | 2000[31] | Euro-Mediterranean AA  | Israel–EU relations
Japan  | 1  | 2018[32] |  | 2019[33] | Economic Partnership Agreement [34] | Japan-EU relations
Jordan  | 1  | 1997  |  | 2002[35] | Euro-Mediterranean AA  | Jordan–EU relations
Kazakhstan  | 1  | 2015  |  | 2020[36] | Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (EPCA)

Includes investment provisions according to the UN database[14]

| Kazakhstan–European Union relations
Kyrgyz Republic  | 1  |  |  | 1999[37] | Partnership and Cooperation Agreement

Includes investment provisions according to the UN database[14]

| Kyrgyzstan–EU relations
Kenya  | 1  | 2023  |  | 2024[15] | Economic Partnership Agreement  |
Kosovo  | 1  | 2015  |  | 2016[38] | SAA  | Potential candidate for EU accession
Lebanon  | 1  | 2002  |  | 2006[39] | Euro-Mediterranean AA  | Lebanon–EU relations
Liechtenstein  | 1  | 1992  |  | 1995[28] | EEA  | Liechtenstein–EU relations
Mexico  | 1  | 1997  |  | 2000[40] | FTA[41][42] | Mexico–EU relations
Moldova  | 1  | 2014  | 2014  | 2016[43] | Moldova–European Union Association Agreement incl European Union–Moldova Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area  | Moldova–EU relations and Negotiating for EU accession
Monaco  | 1  |  |  | 1958  | Franco-Monegasque Customs Convention (customs union)[44] | Monaco–EU relations
Montenegro  | 1  | 2007  | 2008[lower-alpha 3] | 2010[45] | SAA  | Negotiating for EU accession
Morocco  | 1  | 1996  |  | 2000[46] | Euro-Mediterranean AA  | Morocco–EU relations
New Zealand  | 1  | 2023  |  | 2024[47] | FTA  | New Zealand–EU relations
North Macedonia  | 1  | 2001  | 2001[lower-alpha 3] | 2004[48] | SAA  | Negotiating for EU accession
Norway  | 1  | 1992  |  | 1994[28] | EEA  | Norway–EU relations
EU's Overseas Countries and Territories  | 13  | 2001  |  | 2001[49][50] | Association of the OCTs with the EU  |
Template:Country data Palestinian Authority | 1  | 1997  |  | 1997[51] | Euro-Mediterranean AA  | Palestine–EU relations
Russia  | 1  | 1994  |  | 1997[52] | Partnership and Cooperation Agreement

Includes investment provisions according to the UN database[14]

| Russia–European Union relations
San Marino  | 1  | 1991  | 1992[lower-alpha 4] | 2002[53] | Customs union  | San Marino–EU relations
Serbia  | 1  | 2008  | 2010[lower-alpha 3] | 2013[54] | SAA  | Negotiating for EU accession
Singapore  | 1  | 2018[55] |  | 2019[56] 2026[57] | FTA[58], Digital Trade Agreement[57] | Singapore–European Union relations
South Africa  | 1  | 1999  | 2000[59] | 2004[60] | ATDC[lower-alpha 5] | South Africa–EU relations
South Korea  | 1  | 2010  | 2011  | 2015[61] | FTA[62] | South Korea–EU relations
Switzerland  | 1  | 1972  |  | 1973[63] | Trade agreement  | Switzerland–EU relations
Syria  | 1  | 1977  |  | 1977[lower-alpha 6] | Cooperation agreement[64] | Syria–EU relations
Tajikistan  | 1  |  |  | 2010[65] | Partnership and Co-operation Agreement

Includes investment provisions according to the UN database[14]

| Tajikistan–EU relations
Tunisia  | 1  | 1995  |  | 1998[66] | Euro-Mediterranean AA  | Tunisia–European Union relations
Turkey  | 1  | 1995[lower-alpha 7] |  | 1995[67] | Customs union

Includes investment provisions according to the UN database[14]

| Turkey–EU relations
Turkmenistan  | 1  | 1989  |  | 1990/1991[68] | EEC-Euratom-Soviet Union Agreement on trade and commercial and economic cooperation  | Turkmenistan–European Union relations
Ukraine  | 1  | 2014  | 2016  | 2017[69][70] | Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement incl DCFTA

Includes investment provisions according to the UN database[14]

| Ukraine–EU relations and Negotiating for EU accession
Uzbekistan  | 1  |  |  | 1999[71] | Partnership and Cooperation Agreement

Includes investment provisions according to the UN database[14]

| Uzbekistan–European Union relations
United Kingdom[lower-alpha 8] | 1  | 2020  | 2021[72] | 2021[73] | Trade and Cooperation Agreement  | United Kingdom–EU relations
Vietnam  | 1  | 2019  |  | 2020[74] | EVFTA[75] | Vietnam–EU relations

## Trade agreements provisionally applied

State | Signed | Provisional
Application | Ratification | Notes | Relations

|
|
|
|
|

Cameroon  | 2009  | 2014  |

22 / 30

[76] | Interim agreement with a view to an EPA |
Canada  | 2016  | 2017[77] |

18 / 30

[78] | Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement[79] | Canada–European Union relations
CARIFORUM States
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Guyana
Haiti
Jamaica
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago  | 2008  | 2008  |

37 / 44

[80] | EPA \- Croatia acceded to the agreement on 28 November 2017  |
Côte d'Ivoire  | 2009  | 2016  |

25 / 30

[81] | Stepping Stone EPA |
Eastern and Southern Africa States
Comoros
Madagascar
Mauritius
Seychelles
Zimbabwe  | 2009  | 2012, 2019  |

6 / 35

[82] | Interim Agreement for establishing a framework for an EPA |
Ghana  | 2016  | 2016[83] |

14 / 30

[83] | Stepping Stone EPA |
Mercosur
Argentina
Brazil
Paraguay
Uruguay  | 2026  | 2026[84] |

5 / 6

[85] | European Union–Mercosur free trade agreement.  | European Union–Mercosur relations
Pacific States
Fiji
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands  | 2009  | 2009, 2014, 2018, 2020  |

4 / 5

[86] | Interim Partnership Agreement  |
South African Development Community members
Botswana
Lesotho
Mozambique
Namibia
South Africa
Eswatini  | 2016  | 2016  |

22 / 35

[87] | Economic Partnership Agreement  |

## Agreement signed (awaiting application)

State | Signed | Provisional
Application | Ratification | Notes | Relations

|
|
|
|
|

Kyrgyzstan  | 2024  |  |

8 / 29

[88] | Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement[13] |
Mexico  | 2026  |  |

1 / 2

[89] | Modernised Global Agreement (MGA) and interim Trade Agreement (iTA)[90] | Mexico–EU relations
United States  | 2025  |  |

1 / 2

[91] | Agreement on Reciprocal, Fair, and Balanced Trade[92] | European Union–United States relations
Uzbekistan  | 2025  |  |

3 / 29

[93] | Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement[13] | Uzbekistan–European Union relations

## Agreements being finalised (negotiations concluded, but not signed)

State | Negotiations Concluded | Signed | Provisional
Application | Ratification | Notes

|
|
|
|
|

Andorra
San Marino  | December 2023  | No  | No  |  | Association Agreement[94]
Australia  | 24 March 2026[95] | No  | No  | No  | Free Trade Agreement
China  | 30 December 2020[96] | No  | No  | No  | Comprehensive Agreement on Investment
Economic Community of West African States members
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cabo Verde
Côte d'Ivoire
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo  | 6 February 2014  |  | No  | No  | Economic Partnership Agreement[97]
East African Community members
Burundi
Kenya
Rwanda
Tanzania
Uganda  | 16 October 2014  |  | No  | Ratified by  Rwanda
In force with  Kenya  | Economic Partnership Agreement[98]
Eastern and Southern Africa States
Comoros
Madagascar
Mauritius
Seychelles  | 10 Jun 2026[99] | No  | No  | No  | Economic Partnership Agreement[100]
India  | 27 January 2026[101] | No  | No  | No  | Free Trade Agreement
Indonesia  | 13 July 2025[102][103] | No  | No  | No  | Indonesia–European Union Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement
South Korea  | 10 March 2025[104] | No  | No  | No  | Digital Trade Agreement[104]
Tajikistan  | December 2024[105] | No  | No  | No  | Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement[13]

## Negotiating new or modernised agreements

State | New or modernized agreement being negotiated | Status

|
|

India  | Investment Protection Agreement, Geographical Indications Agreement  | Negotiations on the Investment Proctetion Agreement and Geographical Indications Agreement are ongoing as of April 2026.[106]
Kazakhstan  | Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (EPCA)  | Negotiations on adding a protocol to the EPCA regarding Geographical Indications (GIs) for agricultural products and foodstuffs, wines and spirits are ongoing[13]
Malaysia  | Free Trade Agreement  | Negotiations launched in 2010, paused in 2012 and resumed in 2025[107]
Niue  | Economic Partnership Agreements as part of the Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement  | Informed the EU of its intention to accede to the EPA.[108]
Philippines | Free Trade Agreement | Negotiations launched in 2015[109]
Timor-Leste  | Economic Partnership Agreements as part of the Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement  | Informed the EU of its intention to accede to the EPA.[108]
Thailand  | Free Trade Agreement  | Negotiations launched in 2013, paused in 2014, and resumed in 2023.[110]
Tonga | Economic Partnership Agreements as part of the Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement | Informed the EU of its intention to accede to the EPA.[108]
Tuvalu  | Economic Partnership Agreements as part of the Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement  | Informed the EU of its intention to accede to the EPA.[108]
United Arab Emirates  | Free Trade Agreement  | Negotiations launched in April 2025.[111]
Vanuatu  | Economic Partnership Agreements as part of the Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement  | Informed the EU of its intention to accede to the EPA.[108]

## Negotiations on hold

Country or bloc | Agreement being negotiated | Status

|
|

Azerbaijan  | Partnership and Cooperation Agreement  | Negotiations on modernisation began in 2017, on hold since 2019[13]
Belarus  | Partnership and Cooperation Agreement  | Concluded in 1995, not yet ratified by the European Union[112]
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf States
Bahrain
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates  | Free Trade Agreement  | Negotiations launched in 1990, suspended since 2008[110]
Central Africa
Central African Republic
Chad
Republic of Congo
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Democratic Republic of Congo
Template:Country data São Tomé and Principe | Economic Partnership Agreement  | Negotiations launched in 2003, paused until further notice in 2011[110]
Eastern and Southern Africa States
Ethiopia
Djibouti
Malawi
Somalia
Sudan
Zambia  | Economic Partnership Agreement  | Negotiations launched in 2004, paused until further notice in 2011[110]
Monaco  | European Union Association Agreement  | Negotiations launched in 2015, but halted in 2023[113]
Morocco  | Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area | Negotiations launched in 2013, on hold since 2014 at Morocco’s request[114]
Myanmar  | Investment protection agreement  | Negotiations launched in 2015[110]
Tunisia  | Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area | Negotiations launched in 2015, on hold since 2019[115]

## Obsolete agreements

Country or bloc | Agreement | Signed | Active | Obsolete

|
|
|
|

Croatia  | SAA  | 29 October 2001  | 1 March 2001  | 1 July 2013[116]
United States  | Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership  | No  | No  | 9 April 2019[117]

### Soviet Union and its successors

The European Economic Community established relations with the Soviet Union through the conclusion of the EEC-Euratom-Soviet Union Agreement on trade and commercial and economic cooperation in 1989.[118] After 1991, all 12 successor states to the Soviet Union applied the agreement concluded in 1989 in bilateral relations as their trade agreement with the European Communities and the European Union. As of 2025, the Agreement is in force between the European Union and the Republic of Belarus and between the European Union and Turkmenistan.[119][120] Previously, the Agreement applied to relations with other successor states of the Soviet Union, but has been replaced by separate bilateral agreements with each post-Soviet country.

## Competence

The European Court of Justice has held that investor-state arbitration provisions (including a dedicated tribunal planned by some free trade agreements) falls under competency shared between European Union and its member states and that for this reason, the ratification of such mixed agreements[121] should be approved by the EU as well as by each of the union's member states.[122] This court decision has resulted in a new architecture of external trade negotiations which will have two components:[123]

* a free trade agreement - related exclusively to trade matters - which can be adopted at the EU level;
* an investment agreement - containing investment, arbitration and other non-trade provisions - which needs to be ratified by the member states as well.

## Impact to consumers

One study found that the trade agreements that the EU implemented over the period 1993-2013 have, on average, increased the quality of imported goods by 7% and therefore "lowered quality-adjusted prices by close to 7%," without having much of an impact on the non-adjusted price.[124]

## No trade agreements

* The United States of America and the European Union efforts have not yielded a comprehensive, bilateral free trade agreement. "They also have worked to address these issues multilaterally in the WTO. The United States engages with the European Commission on trade policy matters. Over the years, many Members of Congress have voiced support for ... negotiations to eliminate and reduce remaining tariff and nontariff barriers. The current outlook for bilateral trade agreement negotiations is unclear.", according to congress.gov as of 2022.[125]

According to the European Commission's website, as of 2025:

* there is no bilateral trade agreement between the EU and Iran.[126]
* the EU has no trade arrangements with Libya.[127]
* "There are no preferential trade arrangements between Venezuela and the EU. The EU-Venezuela trade relationship is based on World Trade Organization (WTO) rules and tariffs."[128]
* Myanmar is a member of WTO since 1995 and, as a least developed country, benefits from the EU's Everything But Arms (EBA) scheme, which grants unilateral duty-free, quota-free access for all exports except arms and ammunition to the EU.[129]
* "Accession to the EU's Pacific EPA is open to other Pacific ACP states. On 27 January 2025, the EU Council of Ministers adopted a proposal for the accession of Niue, Tonga and Tuvalu to the EPA. Accession processes are also underway with the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Timor Leste and Vanuatu."[130]

## See also

* Economic Partnership Agreements
* EU-ACP
* EUR.1 movement certificate
* Euro-Mediterranean free trade area
* European Union Association Agreement
* Everything but Arms
* Free trade agreements of the European Union
* Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom
* Free trade area
* Free trade areas in Europe
* List of bilateral free trade agreements
* List of free trade agreements
* List of the largest trading partners of the European Union
* Trade deal negotiation between the UK and EU (2020)
* Trade defence instrument
* United States free trade agreements

## Notes

1. ↑ Excluding the EU and its member states
2. ↑ From 2021 under the provisions of the Brexit withdrawal agreement (Protocol relating to the sovereign base areas of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Cyprus)
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Entry into force of Interim Agreement
4. ↑ Interim Agreement
5. ↑ Agreement on Trade, Development and Cooperation
6. ↑ Partially suspended between 2011 and 2026 in response to serious human rights violations by the regime of Bashar al-Assad in the Syrian Civil War
7. ↑ Decision of the EC-Turkey Association Council
8. ↑ Includes Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man with regards to trade in goods and fisheries. For Northern Ireland, a more comprehensive arrangement is in place with regards to trade in goods based on the Withdrawal Agreement.

## References

1. ↑ "Negotiations and agreements". European Commission. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/negotiations-and-agreements_en.
2. ↑ "Agreements". European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/agreements/.
3. ↑ "EUR-Lex - 12003T/PRO/03 - EN". https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12003T/PRO/03:EN:HTML. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
4. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Albania, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2006040.
5. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement between the European Community and its Members States, of the one part, and the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2002036.
6. ↑ http://euobserver.com/9/32177 EU signs FTA
7. ↑ "Trade Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Colombia and Peru, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2011057&DocLanguage=en.
8. ↑ "Agreement details". Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2016044&DocLanguage=en.
9. ↑ http://en.mercopress.com/2013/08/03/eu-fta-agreements-with-colombia-and-central-america-became-effective-august-first EU FTA agreements with Colombia and Central America became effective August first
10. ↑ "Andean Community - Trade - European Commission". https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/regions/andean-community/.
11. ↑ "Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Economic Community and the Principality of Andorra". http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1990030.
12. ↑ "Sustainable Investment Facilitation Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Angola". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?docLanguage=en&id=2023023.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 "EU Trade agreements" (in en). 2026-04-11. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/negotiations-and-agreements_en.
14. ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 "European Union | International Investment Agreements Navigator | UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub". https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/countries/237/european-union.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "EU Trade agreements" (in en). 2025-07-13. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/negotiations-and-agreements_en.
16. ↑ "EU trade relations with Belarus". July 3, 2024. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/belarus_en.
17. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2008023.
18. ↑ "Agreement establishing an Association between the European Union and its Member States, on the one hand, and Central America on the other". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2012001&DocLanguage=en.
19. ↑ "Agreement establishing an Association between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Chile, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2002086.
20. ↑ "Interim Agreement on Trade between the European Union and the Republic of Chile". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?docLanguage=en&id=2023026.
21. ↑ "Chile - Trade - European Commission". http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/chile/.
22. ↑ "EUR-Lex - 21985A0919(01) - EN - EUR-Lex". https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/agree_internation/1985/2616/oj/eng.
23. ↑ "EU texts | Documents | D-CN | Delegations | European Parliament". https://www.europarl.europa.eu/delegations/en/d-cn/documents/eu-texts.
24. ↑ Entered into force on 1 October of the same year. The Agreement remains the main legal framework for relations with China. The agreement covers economic and trade relations, as well as the EU-China co-operation programme. It was complemented in 1994 and 2002. Sets out objectives and arrangements for action in the sphere of economic and trade cooperation and is non-preferential.
25. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement between the European Communities and its Member States and the Arab Republic of Egypt". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2001033.
26. ↑ "Agreement between the European Community, of the one part, and the Government of Denmark and the Home Government of the Faroe Islands, of the other part". http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1996089.
27. ↑ "Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Georgia, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2014007.
28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 "Agreement on the European Economic Area". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1992045.
29. ↑ "Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Iraq, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?docLanguage=en&id=2011007.
30. ↑ "Interim Agreement on trade and trade-related matters between the European Community and the European Coal and Steel Community, of the one part, and the State of Israel, on the other part". http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/agreements-conventions/agreement/?aid=1995083.
31. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the State of Israel, of the other part". http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1995061.
32. ↑ "EU and Japan sign Economic Partnership Agreement" (in en). Trade - European Commission. http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id=1891.
33. ↑ "EU-Japan trade agreement will enter into force on 1 February 2019". 2018-12-21. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/12/21/eu-japan-trade-agreement-will-enter-into-force-on-1-february-2019/. "Today, the EU and Japan notified each other of the completion of their respective ratification procedures."
34. ↑ "Economic Partnership Agreement between the European Union and Japan". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2018022&DocLanguage=en.
35. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1997126.
36. ↑ "Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Kazakhstan, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?docLanguage=en&id=2015045.
37. ↑ "The European Union and the Kyrgyz Republic | EEAS". https://www.eeas.europa.eu/kyrgyz-republic/european-union-and-kyrgyz-republic_en?s=301.
38. ↑ "Information relating to the entry into force of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, of the one part, and Kosovo (*), of the other part". Europa.eu. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ:JOL_2016_078_R_0001&from=EN.
39. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Community and its Members States, of the one part, and the Republic of Lebanon, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2002037.
40. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1997129.
41. ↑ "Mexico - Trade - European Commission". http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/mexico/.
42. ↑ "Economic Partnership, Political Coordination and Cooperation Agreement between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the United Mexican States, of the other part". http://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:f95ad1a3-795e-4fb0-84e1-28351b99415c.0004.02/DOC_2&format=PDF.
43. ↑ "Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Moldova, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2014001.
44. ↑ "Monaco and the European Union". Gouvernement Princier. https://en.gouv.mc/Policy-Practice/Monaco-Worldwide/Monaco-and-the-European-Union.
45. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States of the one part, and the Republic of Montenegro, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2007070.
46. ↑ "Agreement details". Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1996003.
47. ↑ "Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and New Zealand". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?docLanguage=en&id=2023005.
48. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2001014.
49. ↑ "Council Decision 2013/755/EU of 25 November 2013 on the association of the overseas countries and territories with the European Union". EUR-Lex. 19 December 2013. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:344:0001:0118:EN:PDF.
50. ↑ "Council Decision 2001/822/EC of 27 November 2001 on the association of the overseas countries and territories with the European Community". EUR-Lex. 27 November 2001. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32001D0822.
51. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Interim Association Agreement on Trade and Cooperation between the European Community, of the one part, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) for the benefit of the Palestinian Authority of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1997014.
52. ↑ "Agreement on partnership and cooperation establishing a partnership between the European Communities and their Member States, of one part, and the Russian Federation, of the other part - Protocol 1 on the establishment of a coal and steel contact group - Protocol 2 on mutual administrative assistance for the correct application of customs legislation - Final Act - Exchanges of letters - Minutes of signing". June 24, 1994. http://data.europa.eu/eli/agree_internation/1997/800/oj/eng.
53. ↑ "Agreement on Cooperation and Customs Union between the European Economic Community and the Republic of San Marino". http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1991054.
54. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Serbia, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2007137.
55. ↑ "Singapore, EU ink landmark free trade agreement" (in en). https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/singapore-eu-ink-landmark-free-trade-agreement-10846210. "[...] the EU-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (EUSFTA) was signed by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong with European Commission president Jean-Claude Juncker, European Council president Donald Tusk and Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz. [...] The leaders also witnessed the signing of the EU-Singapore Investment Protection Agreement (EUSIPA) – a pact that will replace 12 existing bilateral investment treaties between Singapore and EU member states to offer better investment protection – and the EU-Singapore Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (ESPCA)."
56. ↑ "Council Decision on the conclusion of the Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore". https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CONSIL:ST_13370_2019_INIT&from=EN. "[...] the Agreement should enter into force on 21 November 2019 in agreement with the Singaporean side"
57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 "Agreement on digital trade between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore". European Commission. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:22026A00126.
58. ↑ "Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore" (in en). Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2018028&DocLanguage=en.
59. ↑ "Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the Community and South Africa, which provides for the provisional application of a portion of the Agreement on Trade, Development and Cooperation between the European Community and its Member States, on the one part, and the Republic of South Africa, on the other part". http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1999062.
60. ↑ "Agreement on Trade, Development and Cooperation between the European Community and its Member States, on the one part, and the Republic of South Africa, on the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1999056.
61. ↑ "Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Korea, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2010036.
62. ↑ "EUR-Lex - L:2011:127:TOC - EN - EUR-Lex". http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=OJ:L:2011:127:TOC.
63. ↑ "Trade agreement details". Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1972003.
64. ↑ "Syria: Council restores full application of EU-Syria Cooperation Agreement". 2026-05-11. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2026/05/11/syria-council-restores-full-application-of-eu-syria-cooperation-agreement/.
65. ↑ "The European Union and Tajikistan | EEAS". https://www.eeas.europa.eu/tajikistan/european-union-and-tajikistan_en?s=228.
66. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Tunisia, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1995041.
67. ↑ "Delegation of the European Union to Türkiye | EEAS". https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/türkiye_en. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
68. ↑ "EU trade relations with Central Asia". October 24, 2025. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/central-asia_en.
69. ↑ "Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2013005.
70. ↑ "Agreement". http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2014045.
71. ↑ "The European Union and Uzbekistan | EEAS". https://www.eeas.europa.eu/uzbekistan/european-union-and-uzbekistan_en?s=233.
72. ↑ "EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement: Council adopts decision on the signing". Consilium. 29 December 2020. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2020/12/29/eu-uk-trade-and-cooperation-agreement-council-adopts-decision-on-the-signing/.
73. ↑ "Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, of the one part, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the other part" (in en). https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2020037&DocLanguage=en.
74. ↑ "Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam" (in en). Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2019016&DocLanguage=en.
75. ↑ "Vietnam - Trade - European Commission". http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/vietnam/.
76. ↑ "Agreement details". Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2008059&DocLanguage=en.
77. ↑ "Canada, EU to provisionally apply CETA in September". CBC News. 8 July 2017. http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ceta-september-provisionally-1.4196210.
78. ↑ "Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada, of the one part, and the European Union and its Member States, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2016017&DocLanguage=en.
79. ↑ "CETA - EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement". https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/in-focus/ceta/.
80. ↑ "Economic Partnership Agreement between the CARIFORUM States, of the one part, and the European Community and its Member States, of the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2008034&DocLanguage=en.
81. ↑ "Agreement details". Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2008063&DocLanguage=en.
82. ↑ "Interim Agreement establishing a framework for an Economic Partnership Agreement between the Eastern and Southern Africa States, on the one part, and the European Community and its Member States, on the other part". Agreements Database, Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2009014&DocLanguage=en.
83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 "Agreement details". Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2008064&DocLanguage=en.
84. ↑ "EU-Mercosur interim trade agreement starts to provisionally apply". European Commission. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-mercosur-interim-trade-agreement-starts-provisionally-apply-2026-04-30_en.
85. ↑ "Interim Agreement on Trade between the European Union, of the one part, and the Common Market of the South, the Argentine Republic, the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Republic of Paraguay and the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, of the other part (ITA)". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?docLanguage=en&id=2025033.
86. ↑ "Agreement details". Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2009024&DocLanguage=en.
87. ↑ "Agreement details". Council of the European Union. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2016020&DocLanguage=en.
88. ↑ "Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and the Kyrgyz Republic, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?docLanguage=en&id=2022023.
89. ↑ "Interim Agreement on Trade between the European Union and the United Mexican States". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?docLanguage=en&id=2026003.
90. ↑ "EU-Mexico relations: Council endorses agreements to boost cooperation and trade" (in en). 2026-05-11. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2026/05/11/eu-mexico-relations-council-endorses-agreements-to-boost-cooperation-and-trade/.
91. ↑ "Implementing Certain Tariff-Related Elements of the U.S.-EU Framework on an Agreement on Reciprocal, Fair, and Balanced Trade". Federal Register. National Archives and Records Administration. 25 September 2025. https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2025-18660. Retrieved 22 May 2026.
92. ↑ "EU-US trade deal explained" (in English). 2025-07-29. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_25_1930.
93. ↑ "Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Uzbekistan, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?docLanguage=en&id=2025006.
94. ↑ "Commission proposes Association Agreement with Andorra and San Marino to the Council". European Commission. 26 April 2024. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_24_2286.
95. ↑ "EU and Australia strengthen relations with Security and Defence Partnership and Trade Agreement". https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_645.
96. ↑ "EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment". https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/china/eu-china-agreement_en.
97. ↑ "West Africa - Trade - European Commission". https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/regions/west-africa/.
98. ↑ "East African Community (EAC) - Trade - European Commission". https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/regions/eac/.
99. ↑ "EU concludes modernised Economic Partnership Agreement with Sub-Saharan Africa partners". https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/https:////ec.europa.eu//commission//presscorner//detail//en//ip_26_1315.
100. ↑ "EU trade relations with Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA)" (in en). 2026-06-10. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/eastern-and-southern-africa-esa_en.
101. ↑ "EU and India conclude landmark Free Trade Agreement". https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/https:////ec.europa.eu//commission//presscorner//detail//en//ip_26_184.
102. ↑ "EU, Indonesia strike political agreement to advance free trade deal" (in en). Reuters. 2025-07-13. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/eu-indonesia-strike-political-agreement-advance-free-trade-deal-2025-07-13/.
103. ↑ "Statement by President von der Leyen with President Subianto of the Republic of Indonesia". 2025-07-13. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/https:////ec.europa.eu//commission//presscorner//detail//en//statement_25_1817.
104. ↑ 104.0 104.1 "EU trade relations with South Korea" (in en). https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/south-korea_en.
105. ↑ "EU trade relations with Central Asia" (in en). 2021-04-09. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/central-asia_en.
106. ↑ "EU-India Free Trade Agreement, Investment Protection Agreement and Geographical Indications Agreement". European Commission. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/india/eu-india-agreements_en.
107. ↑ "EU-Malaysia" (in en). 2025-01-20. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/malaysia/eu-malaysia-agreement_en.
108. ↑ 108.0 108.1 108.2 108.3 108.4 "OVERVIEW OF ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENTS". https://circabc.europa.eu/rest/download/10ca1b54-d672-430b-aed4-8b25b4b9c2ee.
109. ↑ "Agreements being negotiated". European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/negotiations-and-agreements/#_being-negotiated.
110. ↑ 110.0 110.1 110.2 110.3 110.4 "Agreements on hold". European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/negotiations-and-agreements/#_on-hold.
111. ↑ "EU-United Arab Emirates Free Trade Agreement". European Commission. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/gulf-region/eu-united-arab-emirates-agreement_en.
112. ↑ "EU trade relations with Belarus" (in en). 2024-07-03. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/belarus_en.
113. ↑ "RECORDED HRVP Federica MOGHERINI host the ceremony on the occasion of the launching of the Association Agreement(s) negotiations with the Principality of Andorra, the Principality of Monaco and the Republic of San Marino". European Commission. 2015-03-18. http://ec.europa.eu/avservices/video/player.cfm?ref=I100473.
114. ↑ "Countries and regions: Morocco". European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/morocco/.
115. ↑ "Countries and regions: Tunisia". European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/tunisia//.
116. ↑ "EU - Croatia". World Trade Organization. http://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=67.
117. ↑ "LEGISLATIVE ACTS AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS" (in English). 2019-04-09. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/39180/st06052-en19.pdf.
118. ↑ https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:21990X0315(01)
119. ↑ "EU trade relations with Belarus". 3 July 2024. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/belarus_en.
120. ↑ "EU trade relations with Central Asia". 9 April 2021. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/central-asia_en.
121. ↑ "EU Trade Agreements: To Mix or not to Mix, That is the Question". https://respect.eui.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2020/05/Mixity.pdf.
122. ↑ "UE. Pas de traité commercial sans l'accord des parlements nationaux". 15 May 2017. http://www.ouest-france.fr/economie/ue-pas-de-traite-commercial-sans-l-accord-des-parlements-nationaux-4994855.
123. ↑ "EU trade agreements - New architecture of trade agreements". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/trade-policy/trade-agreements/.
124. ↑ Berlingieri, Giuseppe; Breinlich, Holger; Dhingra, Swati (2018-03-12). "The consumer benefits of trade agreements: Evidence from the EU trade policy". https://voxeu.org/article/consumer-benefits-trade-agreements.
125. ↑ "U.S.-EU Trade Relations". https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R47095.
126. ↑ "EU trade relations with Iran". https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/iran_en.
127. ↑ "EU trade relations with Libya". https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/libya_en.
128. ↑ "EU trade relations with Venezuela". https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/venezuela_en.
129. ↑ "EU trade relations with Myanmar". https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/myanmar_en.
130. ↑ "EU trade relations with Pacific". September 2, 2024. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/pacific_en.

## External links

* Negotiations and agreements, EU trade relationships by country/region, European Commission
* Trade Flows, Animated infographics, European Parliamentary Research Service
* Articles on EU FTAs, at Agritrade
* The Transatlantic Colossus: Global Contributions to Broaden the Debate on the EU-US Free Trade Agreement A collaborative publication with over 20 articles on the global implications of the TAFTA | TTIP
* Koeth, Wolfgang (8 December 2014) "The Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreements: an Appropriate Response by the EU to the Challenges in its Neighbourhood"?

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