World Bank high-income economy

Short description: Income classification for countries

Map of world economies based on the World Bank income classification for the 2026 fiscal year.

A high-income economy is defined as a country or territory with a gross national income (GNI) per capita, calculated using the World Bank's Atlas method, exceeding the annual threshold, which for the fiscal year 2026 (based on 2024 data) is $13,935.[1] As of the 2025 classification, approximately 87 economies fall into this category, including major industrialized nations such as the United States, Germany, and Japan, alongside smaller entities such as Andorra, Bahrain, and certain Caribbean islands reliant on tourism or resource exports.[2]

Several institutions, such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) or International Monetary Fund (IMF), take factors other than high per capita income into account when classifying countries as "developed" or "advanced economies". According to the United Nations, for example, some high-income countries may also be developing countries. The GCC countries, for example, are classified as developing high-income countries. Thus, a high-income country may be classified as either developed or developing.[3] Although Vatican City is a sovereign state, it is not classified by the World Bank under this definition.

## Contents

* 1 List of high-income economies (for 2026 fiscal year)
* 1.1 High income UN members
* 1.2 High income non-UN members
* 1.3 Former high-income economies
* 2 Historical thresholds
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## List of high-income economies (for 2026 fiscal year)

According to the World Bank the following 87 countries (including territories) are classified as "high-income economies".[1] In brackets are the year(s) during which they held such classification; classifying began in 1987. As of the 2026 fiscal year, high-income economies are those that had a GNI per capita of $13,935 or more in 2024.[1]

### High income UN members

* Andorra (1990–present)
* Antigua and Barbuda (2002, 2005–08, 2012–present)
* Australia (1987–present)
* Austria (1987–present)
* The Bahamas (1987–present)
* Bahrain (1987–89, 2001–present)
* Barbados (1989, 2000, 2002, 2006–present)
* Belgium (1987–present)
* Brunei (1987, 1990–present)
* Bulgaria (2023–present)
* Canada (1987–present)
* Chile (2012–present)
* Costa Rica (2024–present)
* Croatia (2008–15, 2017–present)
* Cyprus (1988–present)
* Czech Republic (2006–present)
* Denmark (1987–present)
* Estonia (2006–present)
* Finland (1987–present)
* France (1987–present)
* Germany (1987–present)
* Greece (1996–present)
* Guyana (2022–present)
* Hungary (2007–11, 2014–present)
* Iceland (1987–present)
* Ireland (1987–present)
* Israel (1987–present)
* Italy (1987–present)
* Japan (1987–present)
* Kuwait (1987–present)
* Latvia (2009, 2012–present)
* Liechtenstein (1994–present)
* Lithuania (2012–present)
* Luxembourg (1987–present)
* Malta (1989, 1998, 2000, 2002–present)
* Monaco (1994–present)
* Nauru (2015, 2019–present)
* Netherlands (1987–present)
* New Zealand (1987–present)
* Norway (1987–present)
* Oman (2007–present)
* Palau (2016–20, 2023–present)
* Panama (2017–19, 2021–present)
* Poland (2009–present)
* Portugal (1994–present)
* Qatar (1987–present)
* Romania (2019, 2021–present)
* Russia (2012–14, 2023–present)
* Saint Kitts and Nevis (2011–present)
* San Marino (1991–93, 2000–present)
* Saudi Arabia (1987–89, 2004–present)
* Seychelles (2014–present)
* Singapore (1987–present)
* Slovakia (2007–present)
* Slovenia (1997–present)
* South Korea (1995–97, 2001–present)
* Spain (1987–present)
* Sweden (1987–present)
* Switzerland (1987–present)
* Trinidad and Tobago (2006–present)
* United Arab Emirates (1987–present)
* United Kingdom (1987–present)
* United States (1987–present)
* Uruguay (2012–present)

### High income non-UN members

* American Samoa (1987–89, 2022–present)
* Aruba (1987–90, 1994–present)
* Bermuda (1987–present)
* British Virgin Islands (2015–present)
* Cayman Islands (1993–present)
* /  Channel Islands (1987–present)
* Curaçao (1994–present)a
* Faroe Islands (1987–present)
* French Polynesia (1990–present)
* Gibraltar (2009–10, 2015–present)
* Greenland (1987–present)
* Guam (1987–89, 1995–present)
* Hong Kong (1987–present)
* Isle of Man (1987–89, 2002–present)
* Macau (1994–present)
* New Caledonia (1995–present)
* Northern Mariana Islands (1995–2001, 2007–present)
* Puerto Rico (1989, 2002–present)
* Saint Martin (2010–present)
* Sint Maarten (1994–present)a
* Taiwan (1987–present)
* Turks and Caicos Islands (2009–present)
* U.S. Virgin Islands (1987–present)

### Former high-income economies

The year(s) during which they held such classification is/are shown in parentheses.[4]

* Argentina (2014, 2017)
* Equatorial Guinea (2007–14)
* Mauritius (2019)
* Mayotte (1990)
* Netherlands Antilles (1994–2009)b
* Venezuela (2014)

a Between 1994 and 2009, as a part of the  Netherlands Antilles. b Dissolved on 10 October 2010. Succeeded by Curaçao and Sint Maarten.

## Historical thresholds

The high-income threshold was originally set in 1989 at US$6,000 in 1987 prices. Thresholds for subsequent years were adjusted taking into account the average inflation in the G-5 countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, and France), and from 2001, that of Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the eurozone.[5] Thus, the thresholds remain constant in real terms over time.[4] To ensure no country falls right on the threshold, country data are rounded to the nearest 10 and income thresholds are rounded to the nearest 5.[6]

The following table shows the high-income threshold from 1987 onwards. Countries with a GNI per capita (calculated using the Atlas method) above this threshold are classified by the World Bank as "high-income economies".[4]

Year | GNI per capita (US$) | Date of
classification

|
|

1987 | 6,000 | 1988-10-02
1988 | 6,000 | 1989-09-13
1989 | 6,000 | 1990-08-29
1990 | 7,620 | 1991-09-11
1991 | 7,910 | 1992-08-24
1992 | 8,355 | 1993-09-09
1993 | 8,625 | 1994-09-02
1994 | 8,955 | 1995-06-08
1995 | 9,385 | 1996-06-03
1996 | 9,645 | 1997-07-01
1997 | 9,655 | 1998-07-01
1998 | 9,360 | 1999-07-01
1999 | 9,265 | 2000-07-01
2000 | 9,265 | 2001-07-01
2001 | 9,205 | 2002-07-01
2002 | 9,075 | 2003-07-01
2003 | 9,385 | 2004-07-01
2004 | 10,065 | 2005-07-01
2005 | 10,725 | 2006-07-01
2006 | 11,115 | 2007-07-01
2007 | 11,455 | 2008-07-01
2008 | 11,905 | 2009-07-01
2009 | 12,195 | 2010-07-01
2010 | 12,275 | 2011-07-01
2011 | 12,475 | 2012-07-01
2012 | 12,615 | 2013-07-01
2013 | 12,745 | 2014-07-01
2014 | 12,735 | 2015-07-01
2015 | 12,475 | 2016-07-01
2016 | 12,236 | 2017-07-01
2017 | 12,056 | 2018-07-01
2018 | 12,376 | 2019-07-01
2019 | 12,536 | 2020-07-01
2020 | 12,696 | 2021-07-01
2021 | 13,205 | 2022-07-01
2022 | 13,845 | 2023-07-01
2023 | 14,005 | 2024-07-01
2024 | 13,935 | 2025-07-01

## See also

* Developed country
* Developing country
* Least developed countries
* Global North and Global South

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Country and Lending Groups. World Bank. Accessed on July 1, 2025.
2. ↑ "World Bank Country and Lending Groups – World Bank Data Help Desk". https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups.
3. ↑ "UN. (2005). UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics.". http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/tdstat30_enfr.pdf. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "comparison with the previous fiscal year". World Bank. http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/site-content/Trac.xls. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
5. ↑ The Atlas Method, World Bank.
6. ↑ "The Interim Measure for calculating financial contributions: review of cut-off points defining capacity-to-pay groups". Agenda item 4. 2008-06-04. http://iwcoffice.org/_documents/commission/future/60-F&A4.pdf;.

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