GEM character set

Short description: Character set of Digital Research's graphical user interface GEM

GEM character setLanguage(s)| English

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Created by| Digital Research
Based on| code page 437
Other related encoding(s)| Atari ST character set, Ventura International character set

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The GEM character set is the character set of Digital Research's graphical user interface GEM on Intel platforms. It is based on code page 437, the original character set of the IBM PC.

Like codepage 437, it aligns with ASCII codepoints 32–126, and has additional codepoints including letters with diacritics and other symbols. It differs from code page 437 in using other dingbats at code points 0–31, in exchanging the box-drawing characters 176–223 for international characters and other symbols, and exchanging code point 236 with the symbol for line integral. However, GEM is more similar to code page 865, because the codepoints of Ø and ø match the codepoints in that codepage.

A slight adaptation for Ventura Publisher is the similar Ventura International character set, it has code points 0-31, 127, and 218-255 empty, and has swapped ¢ and ø and has also swapped ¥ and Ø (to match code page 437 more).

The GEM-derived file manager ViewMAX, which shipped with some versions of DR DOS as a DOSSHELL replacement, does not use the GEM character set, but loads its display fonts from DOS .CPI files[1][2][3][4][5][6] depending on the system's current code page.

## Character set

The following table shows the GEM character set. Each character is shown with a potential Unicode equivalent, although some codes do not have a unique Unicode equivalent; the correct choice may depend upon context.

GEM character set[7][8][3][9]

| 0  | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  | 9  | A  | B  | C  | D  | E  | F
NUL | ⇧[lower-alpha 1] | ⇩[lower-alpha 1] | ⇨[lower-alpha 1] | ⇦[lower-alpha 1] | ◼[lower-alpha 1] | 🗗[lower-alpha 1] | ◆[lower-alpha 1] | ✓[lower-alpha 1] | 🕒︎ | 🔔︎ | ♪ | ▴ | ▾ | ▸ | ◂
► | ◄ | ⧓[lower-alpha 1] | ▂[lower-alpha 1] | ¶[lower-alpha 2] | § | ↕ | ↨ | ↑ | ↓ | → | ← | ∟ | ↔ | ▲ | ▼
SP | ! | "  | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | ,  | - | . | /
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | : | ; | < | = | > | ?
@ | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O
P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | [ | \ | ] | ^ |
` | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o
p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | { | | | }  | ~ | ⌂
Ç | ü | é | â | ä | à | å | ç | ê | ë | è | ï | î | ì | Ä | Å
É | æ | Æ | ô | ö | ò | û | ù | ÿ | Ö | Ü | ø | £ | Ø | ¤ | ƒ
á | í | ó | ú | ñ | Ñ | ª | º | ¿ | “ | ” | ‹ | › | ¡ | « | »
ã | õ | ¥ | ¢ | œ | Œ | À | Ã | Õ | § | ‡ | † | ¶[lower-alpha 2] | © | ® | ™
„ | … | ‰ | • | – | — | ° | Á | Â | È | Ê | Ë | Ì | Í | Î | Ï
Ò | Ó | Ô | Š | š | Ù | Ú | Û | Ÿ | ß |  |  |  |  |  |
α | β | Γ | π | Σ | σ | µ[lower-alpha 3] | τ | Φ | Θ | Ω[lower-alpha 4] | δ[lower-alpha 5] | ∮ | ɸ | ∈ | ∩
≡ | ± | ≥ | ≤ | ⌠ | ⌡ | ÷ | ≈ | ° | ∙ | · | √ | ⁿ | ² | ■ | ∅

Different than code page 437

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1–8 and 18-19 are used in GEM AES user interface elements such as icons for closing, resizing and maximizing windows.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Code point 20 (1416) is an unfilled paragraph sign, while code point 188 (BC16) is a filled paragraph sign. This distinction does not exist in Unicode, so both are mapped to U+00B6 PILCROW SIGN here.
3. ↑ 230 (E6hex) is both the micro sign (U+00B5, µ) and the Greek lowercase mu (U+03BC, μ).
4. ↑ 234 (EAhex) is both the ohm sign (U+2126, Ω) and the Greek uppercase omega (U+03A9, Ω). (Unicode considers the ohm sign to be equivalent to uppercase omega, and suggests that the latter be used in both contexts.[10])
5. ↑ 235 (EBhex) is the Greek lowercase delta (U+03B4, δ), but it has also been used as a surrogate for the Icelandic lowercase eth (U+00F0, ð) and the partial derivative sign (U+2202, ∂).

## See also

* Atari ST character set
* Western Latin character sets (computing)
* Alt codes
* Bitstream International Character Set
* Ventura International Character Set

## References

1. ↑ "Format description of DOS, OS/2, and Windows NT .CPI, and Linux .CP files". 2001-06-10. http://www.columbia.edu/~em36/wpdos/MatthiasPaulCPI.zip.
2. ↑ "CPI file format". 2006-10-14. http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/cpi.html.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Codepage-related software". 2006-09-03. http://www.seasip.info/DOS/CPI/.
4. ↑ "CPI fonts". 2001-02-10. https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-3.html.
5. ↑ Fonts & Encodings (1 ed.). Sebastopol, California, USA: O'Reilly Media, Inc.. September 2007. pp. 601–602, 611. ISBN 978-0-596-10242-5. https://archive.org/details/fontsencodings00hara_390.
6. ↑ MS-DOS Programmer's Reference. Microsoft Press. 1991. ISBN 1-55615-329-5. https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781556153297.
7. ↑ "WordPlus GEM character set". https://winworldpc.com/res/img/screenshots/GEM Desktop 3.01 - WordPlus.png.
8. ↑ "GEM 3.11 Screen Shots". http://toastytech.com/guis/gem311.html.
9. ↑ "Fonts for Intel GEM - System Fonts". 2006-09-04. http://www.seasip.info/Gem/Fonts/index.html.
10. ↑ The Unicode Consortium (2003-05-21). "Chapter 7: European Alphabetic Scripts". The Unicode Standard 4.0. Addison-Wesley (published August 2003). p. 176. ISBN 0-321-18578-1. https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode4.0.0/ch07.pdf. Retrieved 2016-06-09.

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Character encodings

Early telecommunications|

* ASCII
* ISO/IEC 646
* ISO/IEC 6937 / ITU T.51
* ITU T.61
* BCDIC
* Baudot code
* Morse code
* Telegraph code
* Wabun code
* Special telegraphy codes
* Non-Latin
* Chinese
* Cyrillic
* Needle telegraph codes

ISO/IEC 8859|

* Approved
* -1
* -2
* -3
* -4
* -5
* -6
* -7
* -8
* -9
* -10
* -11
* -13
* -14
* -15
* -16
* Abandoned
* -12
* Adaptations
* ISO-IR-182
* ISO-IR-200
* ISO-IR-201
* Proposed but not approved
* ISO-IR-111
* ISO-IR-197
* French/Dutch/Turkish draft

Bibliographic use|

* ANSEL
* ISO 5426 / 5426-2 / 5427 / 5428 / 6438 / 6861 / 6862 / 10585 / 10586 / 10754 / 11822
* MARC-8

National standards|

* ArmSCII
* BraSCII
* CNS 11643
* ELOT 927
* GOST 10859
* GB 18030
* HKSCS
* I.S. 434
* ISCII
* JIS X 0201
* JIS X 0208
* JIS X 0212
* JIS X 0213
* KOI-7
* KPS 9566
* KS X 1001
* PASCII
* SI 960
* TIS-620
* TSCII
* VISCII
* VSCII
* YUSCII

ISO/IEC 2022|

* 7-bit
* CN
* CN-EXT
* JP
* JP-EXT
* JP-1
* JP-2
* JP-3
* KR
* ISO/IEC 4873
* ISO/IEC 8859
* ISO/IEC 10367
* Extended Unix Code / EUC
* CN
* KR
* JP
* TW
* CCCII

MacOS code pages
("scripts")|

* Armenian
* Arabic
* Barents Cyrillic
* Celtic
* CentEuro
* ChineseSimp / EUC-CN
* ChineseTrad / Big5
* Croatian
* Cyrillic
* Devanagari
* Dingbats
* Farsi (Persian)
* Gaelic
* Georgian
* Greek
* Gujarati
* Gurmukhi
* Hebrew
* Iceland
* Inuit
* Japanese / ShiftJIS
* Keyboard
* Korean / EUC-KR
* Latin (Kermit)
* Maltese/Esperanto
* Ogham / I.S. 434
* Roman
* Romanian
* Sámi
* Symbol
* Thai / TIS-620
* Turkish
* Turkic Cyrillic
* Ukrainian
* VT100

DOS code pages|

* 100
* 111
* 112
* 113
* 151
* 152
* 161
* 162
* 163
* 164
* 165
* 166
* 210
* 220
* 301
* 437
* 449
* 489
* 620
* 667
* 668
* 707
* 708
* 709
* 710
* 711
* 714
* 715
* 720
* 721
* 737
* 768
* 770
* 771
* 772
* 773
* 774
* 775
* 776
* 777
* 778
* 790
* 850
* 851
* 852
* 853
* 854
* 855/872
* 856
* 857
* 858
* 859
* 860
* 861
* 862
* 863
* 864/17248
* 865
* 866/808
* 867
* 868
* 869
* 874/1161/1162
* 876
* 877
* 878
* 881
* 882
* 883
* 884
* 885
* 891
* 895
* 896
* 897
* 898
* 899
* 900
* 903
* 904
* 906
* 907
* 909
* 910
* 911
* 926
* 927
* 928
* 929
* 932
* 934
* 936
* 938
* 941
* 942
* 943
* 944
* 946
* 947
* 948
* 949
* 950/1370
* 951
* 966
* 991
* 1034
* 1039
* 1040
* 1041
* 1042
* 1043
* 1044
* 1046
* 1086
* 1088
* 1092
* 1093
* 1098
* 1108
* 1109
* 1114
* 1115
* 1116
* 1117
* 1118
* 1119
* 1125/848
* 1126
* 1127
* 1131/849
* 1139
* 1167
* 1168
* 1300
* 1351
* 1361
* 1362
* 1363
* 1372
* 1373
* 1374
* 1375
* 1380
* 1381
* 1385
* 1386
* 1391
* 1392
* 1393
* 1394
* 57781
* 58152
* 58210
* 58335
* 59234
* 59829
* 60258
* 60853
* 61282
* 62306
* CS Indic
* CSX Indic
* CSX+ Indic
* CWI-2
* Iran System
* Kamenický
* KOI8
* Mazovia
* MIK

IBM AIX code pages|

* 367
* 371
* 806
* 813
* 819
* 895
* 896
* 912
* 913
* 914
* 915
* 916
* 919
* 920
* 921/901
* 922/902
* 923
* 952
* 953
* 954
* 955
* 956
* 957
* 958
* 959
* 960
* 961
* 963
* 964
* 965
* 970
* 971
* 1004
* 1006
* 1008
* 1009
* 1010
* 1011
* 1012
* 1013
* 1014
* 1015
* 1016
* 1017
* 1018
* 1019
* 1029
* 1036
* 1089
* 1111
* 1124
* 1129/1163
* 1133
* 1350
* 1382
* 1383

IBM Apple MacIntosh
emulations|

* 1275
* 1280
* 1281
* 1282
* 1283
* 1284
* 1285
* 1286

IBM Adobe emulations|

* 1038
* 1276
* 1277

IBM DEC emulations|

* 1020
* 1021
* 1023
* 1090
* 1100
* 1101
* 1102
* 1103
* 1104
* 1105
* 1106
* 1107
* 1287
* 1288

IBM HP emulations|

* 1050
* 1051
* 1052
* 1053
* 1054
* 1055
* 1056
* 1057
* 1058

Windows code pages|

* CER-GS
* 874/1162 (TIS-620)
* 932/943 (Shift JIS)
* 936/1386 (GBK)
* 950/1370 (Big5)
* 949/1363 (EUC-KR)
* 1169
* 1174
* Extended Latin-8
* 1200 (UTF-16LE)
* 1201 (UTF-16BE)
* 1250
* 1251
* 1252
* 1253
* 1254
* 1255
* 1256
* 1257
* 1258
* 1261
* 1270
* 54936 (GB18030)
* 65001 (UTF-8)

EBCDIC EBCDIC code pages|

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
* 21
* 22
* 23
* 24
* 25
* 26
* 27
* 28
* 29
* 30
* 31
* 32
* 33
* 34
* 35
* 36
* 37/1140
* 37-2
* 38
* 39
* 40
* 251
* 252
* 254
* 256
* 257
* 258
* 259
* 260
* 264
* 273/1141
* 274
* 275
* 276
* 277/1142
* 278/1143
* 279
* 280/1144
* 281
* 282
* 283
* 284/1145
* 285/1146
* 286
* 287
* 288
* 289
* 290
* 293
* 297/1147
* 298
* 300
* 310
* 320
* 321
* 322
* 330
* 351
* 352
* 353
* 355
* 357
* 358
* 359
* 360
* 361
* 363
* 382
* 383
* 384
* 385
* 386
* 387
* 388
* 389
* 390
* 391
* 392
* 393
* 394
* 395
* 410
* 420/16804
* 421
* 423
* 424/8616/12712
* 425
* 435
* 500/1148
* 803
* 829
* 833
* 834
* 835
* 836
* 837
* 838/1160
* 839
* 870/1110/1153
* 871/1149
* 875/4971/9067
* 880
* 881
* 882
* 883
* 884
* 885
* 886
* 887
* 888
* 889
* 890
* 892
* 893
* 905
* 918
* 924
* 930/1390
* 931
* 933/1364
* 935/1388
* 937/1371
* 939/1399
* 1001
* 1002
* 1003
* 1005
* 1007
* 1024
* 1025/1154
* 1026/1155
* 1027
* 1028
* 1030
* 1031
* 1032
* 1033
* 1037
* 1047
* 1068
* 1069
* 1070
* 1071
* 1073
* 1074
* 1075
* 1076
* 1077
* 1078
* 1079
* 1080
* 1081
* 1082
* 1083
* 1084
* 1085
* 1087
* 1091
* 1097
* 1112/1156
* 1113
* 1122/1157
* 1123/1158
* 1130/1164
* 1132
* 1136
* 1137
* 1150
* 1151
* 1152
* 1159
* 1165
* 1166
* 1278
* 1279
* 1303
* 1364
* 1376
* 1377
* JEF
* KEIS

DEC terminals (VTx)|

* Multinational (MCS)
* National Replacement (NRCS)
* French Canadian
* Swiss
* Spanish
* United Kingdom
* Dutch
* Finnish
* French
* Norwegian and Danish
* Swedish
* Norwegian and Danish (alternative)
* 8-bit Greek
* 8-bit Turkish
* 7-bit Hebrew
* 8-bit Hebrew
* Special Graphics
* Technical (TCS)

Platform specific|

* Acorn
* Adobe Standard
* Adobe Latin 1
* Amstrad CPC
* Apple I
* Apple II
* Apple III
* ATASCII
* Atari ST
* BICS
* Casio calculators
* CDC
* Compucolor II
* DEC Radix-50
* DEC MCS/NRCS
* DG International
* ELWRO-Junior
* FIELDATA
* GEM
* GEOS
* GSM 03.38
* HP Roman Extension
* HP Roman-8
* HP Roman-9
* HP FOCAL
* HP RPL
* LICS
* LMBCS
* Mattel Aquarius
* Minitel
* MSX
* NEC APC
* NeXT
* OricSCII
* PCW
* PETSCII
* Sega SC-3000
* Sharp calculators
* Sharp MZ
* Sinclair QL
* Teletext
* TI calculators
* TRS-80
* Ventura International
* Ventura Symbol
* Videotex
* WISCII
* XCCS
* ZX80
* ZX81
* ZX Spectrum

Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646|

* UTF-1
* UTF-7
* UTF-8
* UTF-16 (UTF-16LE/UTF-16BE) / UCS-2
* UTF-32 (UTF-32LE/UTF-32BE) / UCS-4
* UTF-EBCDIC
* GB 18030
* BOCU-1
* CESU-8
* SCSU

TeX typesetting system|

* Cork
* LGR
* LY1
* OML
* OMS
* OMX
* OT1
* OT2
* OT3
* OT4
* T2A
* T2B
* T2C
* T2D
* T3
* T4
* T5
* TS1
* TS3
* U
* X2

Miscellaneous code pages|

* ABICOMP
* APL
* 293
* 310 (Graphic Escape)
* 351 (GDDM)
* 907 (OEM)
* ISO-IR-68
* ARIB STD-B24
* HZ
* IEC-P27-1
* INIS
* 7-bit
* 8-bit
* Cyrillic
* ISO-IR-169
* ISO 2033
* Johab
* SEASCII
* Stanford/ITS
* TACE16
* TRON
* UTF-5
* UTF-6
* WTF-8

Related topics|

* Code page
* Control character (C0 C1)
* CCSID
* Character encodings in HTML
* Charset detection
* Han unification
* Hardware
* ISO 6429/IEC 6429/ANSI X3.64
* Mojibake

Character sets

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