Genetic improvement (computer science)

In computer software development, genetic Improvement is the use of optimisation and machine learning techniques, particularly search-based software engineering techniques such as genetic programming to improve existing software.[1] [2] The improved program need not behave identically to the original. For example, automatic bug fixing improves program code by reducing or eliminating buggy behaviour.[3] In other cases the improved software should behave identically to the old version but is better because, for example: it runs faster,[4] it uses less memory,[5] it uses less energy[6] or it runs on a different type of computer.[7] GI differs from, for example, formal program translation, in that it primarily verifies the behaviour of the new mutant version by running both the new and the old software on test inputs and comparing their output and performance in order to see if the new software can still do what is wanted of the original program and is now better.

Genetic improvement can be used to create multiple versions of programs, each tailored to be better for a particular use or for a particular computer.

Genetic improvement can be used with multi-objective optimization to consider improving software along multiple dimensions or to consider trade-offs between several objectives, such as asking GI to evolve programs which trade speed against the quality of answers they give. Of course it may be possible to find programs which are both faster and give better answers.

Mostly Genetic Improvement makes typically small changes or edits (also known as mutations) to the program's source code but sometimes the mutations are made to assembly code, byte code[8] or binary machine code.[9]

## References

1. ↑ Langdon, William B. (2015). "Genetically Improved Software". Handbook of Genetic Programming Applications. pp. 181–220. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20883-1_8. ISBN 978-3-319-20882-4.
2. ↑ Justyna Petke and Saemundur O. Haraldsson and Mark Harman and William B. Langdon and David R. White and John R. Woodward (2018). "Genetic Improvement of Software: a Comprehensive Survey". IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 22 (3): 415–432. doi:10.1109/TEVC.2017.2693219. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10038273/1/07911210.pdf.
3. ↑ Weimer, Westley (2010). "Automatic program repair with evolutionary computation". Communications of the ACM 53 (5): 109–116. doi:10.1145/1735223.1735249.
4. ↑ Langdon, William B.; Harman, Mark (2015). "Optimizing Existing Software With Genetic Programming". IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 19: 118–135. doi:10.1109/TEVC.2013.2281544.
5. ↑ Wu, Fan; Weimer, Westley; Harman, Mark; Jia, Yue; Krinke, Jens (2015). "Deep Parameter Optimisation". Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation. pp. 1375–1382. doi:10.1145/2739480.2754648. ISBN 9781450334723.
6. ↑ Bruce, Bobby R.; Petke, Justyna; Harman, Mark (2015). "Reducing Energy Consumption Using Genetic Improvement". Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation. pp. 1327–1334. doi:10.1145/2739480.2754752. ISBN 9781450334723.
7. ↑ Langdon, William B.; Harman, Mark (2014). "Genetically Improved CUDA C++ Software". Genetic Programming. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 8599. 87–99. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44303-3_8. ISBN 978-3-662-44302-6. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1419637/.
8. ↑ Orlov, Michael; Sipper, Moshe (2011). "Flight of the FINCH Through the Java Wilderness". IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 15 (2): 166–182. doi:10.1109/TEVC.2010.2052622.
9. ↑ Schulte, Eric M.; Weimer, Westley; Forrest, Stephanie (2015). "Repairing COTS Router Firmware without Access to Source Code or Test Suites". Proceedings of the Companion Publication of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation. pp. 847–854. doi:10.1145/2739482.2768427. ISBN 9781450334884.

## External links

* Open PhD tutorial http://phdopen.mimuw.edu.pl/index.php?page=z15w1 (also covers SBSE and CIT but last of three topics is Genetic Improvement of software).
* International Workshops on Genetic Improvement: http://www.geneticimprovementofsoftware.com web pages include GI community pages http://geneticimprovementofsoftware.com/learn/about

## Tools

* GIN https://github.com/gintool/gin
* Magpie https://github.com/bloa/magpie
* PyGGI https://github.com/coinse/pyggi

* v
* t
* e

Evolutionary computation

Main Topics|

* Convergence (evolutionary computing)
* Evolutionary algorithm
* Evolutionary data mining
* Evolutionary multimodal optimization
* Human-based evolutionary computation
* Interactive evolutionary computation

Algorithms|

* Cellular evolutionary algorithm
* Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES)
* Differential evolution
* Evolutionary programming
* Genetic algorithm
* Genetic programming
* Gene expression programming
* Evolution strategy
* Natural evolution strategy
* Neuroevolution
* Learning classifier system

Related techniques|

* Swarm intelligence
* Ant colony optimization
* Bees algorithm
* Cuckoo search
* Particle swarm optimization
* Bacterial Colony Optimization

Metaheuristic methods|

* Grey Wolf Optimizer
* Firefly algorithm
* Harmony search
* Gaussian adaptation
* Memetic algorithm

Related topics|

* Artificial development
* Artificial intelligence
* Artificial life
* Digital organism
* Evolutionary robotics
* Fitness function
* Fitness landscape
* Fitness approximation
* Genetic operators
* Interactive evolutionary computation
* No free lunch in search and optimization
* Machine learning
* Mating pool
* Program synthesis

Journals|

* Evolutionary Computation (journal)

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