Hi-MD

Hi-MD is a magneto-optical disc-based data storage format. It was a further development of the MiniDisc.[1][2][3] With its release in late 2004, came the ability to use newly developed, high-capacity 1 gigabyte Hi-MD discs, in the same dimensions as MiniDisc.[4][5] The last recorder and player was discontinued in 2011.[6] Blank discs stopped production in September 2012.[7]

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 Marketing
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Overview

Hi-MD has several Walkman-selectable audio recording codecs, in order of quality: PCM, Hi-SP, and Hi-LP.[8] Hi-MD Walkmans are backward compatible with MiniDisc playback and most can record. Hi-MD can store computer files and audio data. A bus-powered Hi-MD Walkman is seen as standard USB Mass Storage device[4] with a FAT filesystem.

Since the release of Sony's music management program, SonicStage 3.4, virtually all digital rights management was removed for compatible Hi-MD machines.

In 2005, Sony announced Hi-MD Photo.[9] The Sony MZ-DH10P Walkman was released to showcase the format with a 1.3 megapixel digital camera.[10][11]

In March 2006, Sony released the MZ-RH1 Hi-MD Walkman in Japan, which was later followed in other regions.[12] With this unit, Sony enabled faster-than-real time transfers from MiniDisc to computers. Sony made tangible speed improvements to the device over previous generations of Hi-MD recorders. The result being that the transfer times to and from computer are—under certain circumstances—cut in half over previous models, but still noticeably slower than flash memory and hard drive-based portables, because of the nature of the Hi-MD magneto-optical system.

Some later ("second-generation") Hi-MD devices offered native MP3 support.[13]

## Marketing

In 2006, Sony positioned Hi-MD as a Digital Audio Tape (DAT) alternative after discontinuing the format the year before, placing the MZ-RH1 Hi-MD Walkman under the Pro Audio section of its "Broadcast & Business Solutions Company" website, alongside its flash memory-based recorder, the PCM-D1. DAT is a high-quality digital tape format that found a niche with musicians and studios. DAT portables have commonly been used for field recording, but have gradually been replaced by solid-state and hard drive-based units like the Aaton Cantar, the Zaxcom Deva, and similar units from Fostex and Sound Devices.

The MZ-M200 Walkman is Sony's MZ-RH1 with a stereo microphone included. The MZ-RH1 was targeted to a more general customer on Sony's consumer electronics sites and comes with no microphone bundle. The microphone was included to enable Hi-MD as a field recorder, and the higher price reflects the added value of the microphone.

MD had success in Asia (particularly in Japan and Hong Kong), but North America and Europe leaned toward either flash or hard drive-based systems. For professional recording, many offer features such as professional XLR microphone inputs, among other pro-centric features. These units were typically significantly larger and heavier than a Hi-MD Walkman, often with reduced battery life and higher prices. Hi-MD and MiniDisc recorders are no longer being manufactured, but their role has been taken over by relatively inexpensive flash memory based portable field recorders such as the Edirol R-09HR and the Olympus LS-10.

Gallery

* Rear view

* Hi-MD Walkman MZ-NH1 with blank Hi-MD

* Sony MZ-RH1, the last Hi-MD Walkman by Sony

## See also

* OpenMG

## References

1. ↑ "Sony Global - Press Release - "Hi-MD" Format Established". April 27, 2006. https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press_Archive/200401/04-001E/.
2. ↑ "UniVerso: El Periódico de los Universitarios - Universidad Veracruzana - No. 155" (in es). https://www.uv.mx/universo-hemeroteca/155/social/social 02.htm.
3. ↑ PÚBLICO (2004-01-12). "Sony lança “mini-disc” com capacidade para gravar 45 horas de música" (in pt). https://www.publico.pt/2004/01/12/portugal/noticia/sony-lanca-minidisc-com-capacidade-para-gravar-45-horas-de-musica-1181668.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Warentest, Stiftung (2004-12-22). "Test: Hi-MD-Player von Sony: Die Rückkehr der Mini-Disc" (in de). https://www.test.de/Test-Hi-MD-Player-von-Sony-Die-Rueckkehr-der-Mini-Disc-1232835-0/.
5. ↑ "Sony's first 1GB Hi-MD players coming in July" (in en-SG). 2004-06-01. https://sg.news.yahoo.com/2004-06-01-sonys-first-1gb-hi-md-players-coming-in-july.html.
6. ↑ "2011/07/07 23:17 - Sony To Wind Up MiniDisc Walkman Shipments". https://web.archive.org/web/20110711122254/http://e.nikkei.com/e/fr/tnks/Nni20110707D07JFN01.htm.
7. ↑ Davies, Chris (2011-07-08). "Sony MZ-RH1 Hi-MD Walkman Faces Axe (But MiniDisc Lives On!)" (in en-US). https://www.slashgear.com/sony-mz-rh1-hi-md-walkman-faces-axe-but-minidisc-lives-on-08163902/.
8. ↑ Capello, M.; Castellano, M.; Ricciolino, P. (May 2007). "Commercial digital audio recorders: a new life for portable Lennartz PCM 5800 seismic stations". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (Vesuvius Observatory) 7 (2). https://www.earth-prints.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/6a98e055-1f68-448c-9fdb-710b97a22919/content.
9. ↑ ePHOTOzine (2005-03-02). "Sony Japan announce Hi-MD PHOTO walkman with 1.3mp camera" (in en). https://www.ephotozine.com/article/sony-japan-announce-hi-md-photo-walkman-with-1-3mp-camera-2114.
10. ↑ "Hands-on with Sony's MZ-DH10P Hi-MD MiniDisc player" (in en-SG). 2005-03-27. https://sg.news.yahoo.com/2005-03-27-hands-on-with-sonys-mz-dh10p-hi-md-minidisc-player.html.
11. ↑ "ソニー、「MP3」と新規格「Hi-MD PHOTO」に対応したMDウォークマン" (in ja). https://av.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/20050302/sony1.htm.
12. ↑ Lee, Kevin (2006-03-26). "Sony's Brand New Hi-MD Walkman" (in en-US). https://www.slashgear.com/sonys-brand-new-hi-md-walkman-25415/.
13. ↑ Jie Ying Wang, Klavier (May 2021) (in en). Mind Your Disc! (Retrieving and archiving audio information stored in MiniDisc). New York University. pp. 35. https://miapnyu.org/program/student_work/2021spring/21s_thesis_Wang_deposit_copy_y.pdf.

* v
* t
* e

Physical audio recording formats

Mechanical|

* Music box cylinder or disc (9th century)
* Mechanical cuckoo (early 17th century)
* Punched card (1881)
* Music roll (1883)

Analog|

| Grooved surface|

* Phonautogram (1857)

|

Grooved cylinder|

* Phonograph cylinder (1877)
* Graphophone/Dictaphone cylinder (1887)
* Perfected phonograph/Ediphone (1888)
* Salon cylinder (1890s)
* Stentor cylinder (1890s)
* Le Céleste cylinder (1890s)
* Gold moulded record (1902)
* Indestructible record (1907)
* Amberol record (1908)
* Blue Amberol record (1912)
* Paradis cylinder (1913)

Grooved disc|

* Phonograph record (1889)
* Pathé disc (1905)
* Diamond disc (1912)
* Pathé Actuelle (1920)
* Edison Voicewriter (late 1940s)
* SoundScriber (1945)
* Audograph (1945)
* Long play (1948)
* Highway Hi-Fi (1956)

Grooved tape|

* Tefiphon (early 1930s)
* Teficord (early 1930s)
* Tefifon (1936)
* Dictabelt (1947)

Sound-on-film|

* Phonofilm (1919)
* Tri-Ergon (1922)
* Movietone (1926)
* Photophone (1929)
* Fantasound (1940)

Loose magnetic wire|

* Wire recording (1898)

Magnetic wire cartridge|

* Lorenz Textophon (1942)
* US Army RD-11B/GNQ-1 (1944)
* Cosmos Industries MX-303A/ANQ-1 (1944)
* RCA MI-12875 (1947)
* RCA MI-12877 (1947)
* Peirce 265B (1951)
* Peirce 330/360 (1951)
* Protona Minifon P51 (1951)
* Protona Minifon P55 (1955)
* Protona Minifon special (1961)
* Crouzet-Jaeger cartridge (1962)

Magnetic surface|

* Magnetic stripe card (1900)

Magnetic disc|

* Telefunken magnetic disc (1945)
* Thermionic Products Recordon (1948)
* Record Maker Pye (1953)
* Synchrofax (1959)
* Audio High Density (1978)

Loose magnetic tape|

* Blattnerphone (1928)
* Magnetophon (1935)
* 1/4" tape (1949)
* 1/2" tape (1953)
* Fullcoat magfilm (1953)
* Stripe magfilm (1953)
* 1" tape (1957)
* 2" tape (1967)
* 3/4" tape (1969)
* 3" tape (1978)

Magnetic tape cartridge|

* Optaphon (1951)
* Cousino Echo-matic (1952)
* Mohawk Message repeater cartridge (1953)
* Stenorette (1954)
* Mohawk Midgetape RL (1955)
* Dictaphone Dictet (1957)
* Rediffusion Reditune (1957)
* Saba Sabafon (1958)
* RCA tape cartridge (1958)
* Philips EL 3581 (1958)
* Protona Attaché (1959)
* Fidelipac (1959)
* Cousino MR-9000 (1960)
* IBM Magnabelt (1961)
* Dictaphone Travel master (1961)
* Nippon Electronic Vity cassette (1961)
* Grundig Cassette LFH 0084 (1962)
* Orrtronic Tapette (1962)
* 3M Scotch (1962)
* Cousino Echo-matic II (1962)
* Stereo-Pak (1962)
* Philips EL 3583 (1963)
* Compact cassette (1963)
* Grundig En3 (1964)
* Sabamobil (1964)
* 8-track (1964)
* Micro pack 35 (1964)
* Assmann-Stuzzi Memocord (1965)
* Cantata 700 (1965)
* DC-International (1965)
* Nippon Electronic Memo-call (1965)
* PlayTape (1966)
* Muntz Stereo Mini-twin (1967)
* Grundig DeJ614 (1968)
* Microcassette (1969)
* Sanyo Tape cartridge (1969)
* HiPac (1971)
* Steno-Cassette (1971)
* Stenorette DL (1972)
* Capitol Records Audiopak (1972)
* Elcaset (1976)
* Bandai micro cartridge (late 1980s)
* Picocassette (1985)
* Pocket Rockers (1988)

Standalone adaptor|

* Soundstream (1976)
* X80/ProDigi (1980)
* DASH (1982)
* PCM adaptor (1982)
* DA-88/DTRS (1993)

Digital|

| Magnetic tape cartridge|

* Digital Audio Tape (1987)
* NT (1992)
* Digital Compact Cassette (1992)

|

Sound-on-film|

* CDS (1990)
* Dolby Digital (1992)
* DTS (1993)
* SDDS (1993)

Optical disc|

* Compact disc (1982)
* Philips CD-BGM (1989)
* MiniDisc (1992)
* HDCD (1995)
* Super Audio CD (1999)
* DVD-Audio (2000)
* DataPlay (2002)
* Hi-MD (2004)
* DualDisc (2004)
* BD-Audio (2008)
* HFPA (2013)
* MQA-CD (2014)

Electronic circuit|

* Sound chip (late 1970s)
* MP3 player (1996)
* HitClips (1999)
* Yaboom Box (1999)
* Takara E-kara (2001)
* Toymax VJ Starz (2002)
* USB flash drive (2004)
* MicroSD (2007)

Hybrid|

* Mini-cassette (1967)
* U-matic (1971)
* Pioneer Artists Compact LaserDisc (1986)
* CD Video (1987)
* ADAT (1991)
* Timecode vinyl (2001)
* VinylDisc (2007)

* v
* t
* e

Optical storage media

Blu-ray (2006)|

* BD-R (2006)
* BD-RE (2006)
* BD-R XL (2010)
* BD-RE XL (2010)

Professional Disc (2003)|

* PDD (2004)

DVD (1995)|

* DVD-R (1997)
* DVD-RW (1999)
* DVD+RW (2001)
* DVD+R (2002)
* DVD+R DL (2004)
* DVD-R DL (2005)

Compact disc (1982)|

* CD-R (1988)
* CD-i (1991)
* CD-RW (1997)

Discontinued|

* Microform (1870)
* Optical tape (20th century)
* Optical disc (20th century)
* LaserDisc (1978)
* WORM (1979)
* GD-ROM (1997)
* MIL-CD (1999)
* DataPlay (2002)
* UDO (2003)
* ProData (2003)
* UMD (2004)
* HD DVD (2006)

Magneto-optic Kerr effect (1877)|

* MO disc (1980s)
* MiniDisc (1992)
* Hi-MD (2004)

Optical Assist|

* Laser turntable (1986)
* Floptical (1991)
* Super DLT (1998)

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