Abgarid dynasty

Short description: Nabataean Arab dynasty ruling Edessa and Osroene (134 BC - 242 AD)

The Abgarid dynasty was a dynasty of Nabataean Arab origin.[1][2] Members of the dynasty, the Abgarids, reigned between 134 BC and 242 AD over Edessa and Osroene in Upper Mesopotamia.[1] Some members of the dynasty bore Iranian names, while others had Arabic names, including Abgar itself.[3] J.B. Segal notes that the names ending in "-u" are "undoubtedly Nabatean".[3] The Abgarid dynasts spoke "a form of Aramaic".[3]

Following the Battle of Carrhae (53 BC), members of the dynasty pursued a broadly pro-Parthian policy for about two centuries.[3] At the turn of the 2nd century AD, the Romans turned Osroene into a Roman client state.[3] During Caracalla's reign (r. 198–217), most likely in 214, Abgar IX Severus was deposed and Osroene was incorporated as a Roman province (colonia).[3] Thereafter, Abgarid dynasts only ruled in name.[3] Abgar X Frahad, the last nominal Abgarid ruler, settled in Rome together with his wife.[3]

## Kings

Kings of Edessa/Osroene King | Reign | Comments

|
|

Aryu | 132–127 BC |
Abdu, son of Maz'ur | 127–120 BC |
Fradasht, son of Gebar'u | 120–115 BC |
Bakru I, son of Fradasht | 115–112 BC |
Bakru II, son of Bakru | 112–94 BC | Ruled alone
Bakru II and Ma'nu I | 94 BC | Ruled together
Bakru II and Abgar I Piqa | 94–92 BC | Ruled together
Abgar I | 92–68 BC | Ruled alone
Abgar II, son of Abgar I | 68–53 BC |
Interregnum | 53–52 BC |
Ma'nu II | 52–34 BC |
Paqor | 34–29 BC |
Abgar III | 29–26 BC |
Abgar IV Sumaqa | 26–23 BC |
Ma'nu III Saflul | 23–4 BC |
Abgar V Ukkama, son of Ma'nu | 4 BC–7 AD | 1st tenure
Ma'nu IV, son of Ma'nu | 7–13 AD |
Abgar V Ukkama | 13–50 AD | 2nd tenure
Ma'nu V, son of Abgar | 50–57 AD |
Ma'nu VI, son of Abgar | 57–71 AD |
Abgar VI, son of Ma'nu | 71–91 AD |
Interregnum | 91–109 AD |
Abgar VII, son of Ezad | 109–116 AD |
Interregnum | 116–118 AD |
Yalur (Yalud) and Parthamaspates | 118–122 AD | Ruled together
Parthamaspates | 122–123 AD | Ruled alone
Ma'nu VII, son of Ezad | 123–139 AD |
Ma'nu VIII, son of Ma'nu | 139–163 AD | First tenure
Wa'el, son of Sahru | 163–165 AD | Installed by the Parthians
Ma'nu VIII, son of Ma'nu | 165–177 AD | Second tenure
Abgar VIII the Great, son of Ma'nu | 177–212 AD |
Abgar IX Severus, son of Abgar | 212–214 AD | Deposed by the Romans; Osroene incorporated as a Roman province (colonia)[4][3]
Ma'nu IX, son of Ma'nu | 214–240 AD | Ruled only in name
Abgar X Frahad, son of Ma'nu | 240–242 AD | Ruled only in name

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ramelli 2018.
2. ↑ Sartre 2005, p. 500.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Segal 1982, pp. 210–213.
4. ↑ Sartre 2005, p. 508.

## Sources

* Ramelli, Ilaria L.E. (2018). "Abgarids". Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online. https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-encyclopedia-of-early-christianity-online/*-SIM_00000012.
* Sartre, Maurice (2005). "The Arabs and the desert peoples". in Bowman, Alan K.. The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521301992.

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*[r]: reign