Cities in the Book of Joshua

Short description: none

The Book of Joshua lists almost 400 ancient Levantine city names (including alternative names and derivatives in the form of words describing citizens of a town) which refer to over 300 distinct locations in Israel, the West Bank, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. Each of those cities, with minor exceptions (e.g. Hamath, Gubla) is placed in one of the 12 regions, according to the tribes of Israel and in most cases additional details like neighbouring towns or geographical landmarks are provided. It has been serving as one of the primary sources for identifying and locating a number of Middle Bronze to Iron Age Levantine cities mentioned in ancient Egyptian and Canaanite documents, most notably in the Amarna correspondence.

## The list of cities and suggested locations

City name  | References in the Hebrew Bible  | Location  | Notes

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Hebrew  | Transliteration[1] | English  | Strong's Nr | Joshua  | All  | Tribe / Region  | Modern[2]
אבץ  | ʾbṣ  | Abez, Ebez  | H0077 | Joshua 19:20  | 1  | Issachar  |  |
אדם  | ʾdm  | Adam  | H0121 | Joshua 3:16  | 1  | ? (Located by the Jordan, near Zaretan, far from Jericho)  | Bedhat esh-Sha'ab[3] |
אדמה  | ʾdmh  | Adamah  | H0128 | Joshua 19:36  | 1  | Naphtali (a fortified city)  |  |
אדמי  | ʾdmy  | Adami  | H0129 | Joshua 19:33  | 1  | Naphtali  |  |
אדמים  | ʾdmym  | Adummim  | H0131 | Joshua 15:7; 18:17  | 2  | ? Judah? (a point of reference in describing the northern border of Judah and the southern border of Benjamin while mentioning Gilgal/Geliloth)  |  |
אדרה  | ʾdrh  | Adar, Addar  | H0146 | Joshua 15:3  | 1  | Judah (southern border; to the east of Hezron and Kadesh-Barnea)  |  |
אדרעי  | ʾdrʿy  | Edrei [of Naphtali]  | H0154 | Joshua 19:37  | 1  | Naphtali (a fortified city)  |  |
אדרעי  | ʾdrʿy  | Edrei [of Manasseh]  | H0154 | Joshua 12:4; 13:12.31  | 7  | Manasseh (east of Jordan, in Bashan)  | ? Der'a[4][5] [ ⚑ ] 36°05′40″N 32°36′26″E﻿ / ﻿36.09444°N 32.60722°E﻿ / 36.09444; 32.60722;[6] Izra?[4] |
אזנות תבור  | ʾznwt tbwr  | Aznoth-Tabor  | H0243 | Joshua 19:34  | 1  | Naphtali (to the west of the Jordan river)  |  |
אילון  | ʾylwn  | Elon, Ajalon [of Dan 2]  | H0356 | Joshua [10:12?;] 19:43  | 1  | Dan  | Tell el-Buṭme[7]: 435 |
אילון  | ʾylwn  | Ajalon [of Dan 1]  | H0357 | Joshua 10:12; 19:42; 21:24  | 10  | Dan (a levitical city)  | ? Yalo, Khirbet Yalu[8]: 213–4 [9] [ ⚑ ] 31°50′31″N 35°01′31″E﻿ / ﻿31.84194°N 35.02528°E﻿ / 31.84194; 35.02528;[10]: 342 Tell Qiqa/Qoqa[8]: 213–4 [9] [ ⚑ ] 31°50′23″N 35°01′25″E﻿ / ﻿31.83972°N 35.02361°E﻿ / 31.83972; 35.02361[11]: 536 |
אכזיב  | ʾkzyb  | Achzib [of Judah]  | H0392 | Joshua 15:44  | 2  | Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha)  | ? Khirbet 'En el-Kizbe[12] |
אכזיבה  | ʾkzybh  | Achzib [of Asher], Achzibah  | H0392 | Joshua 19:29  | 2  | Asher (eastern border between Tyre and Achzib)  | ez-Zib[12]: 377 [ ⚑ ] 33°02′52″N 35°06′08″E﻿ / ﻿33.04778°N 35.10222°E﻿ / 33.04778; 35.10222 |
אכשף  | ʾkšp  | Achshaph  | H0407 | Joshua 11:1; 12:20; 19:25  | 3  | Asher (not very far from Hazor, Madon and Shimrom)  |  |
אלון  | ʾlwn  | Allon  | H0438 | Joshua 19:33  | 1  | Naphtali  |  |
אלמלך  | ʾlmlk  | Alammelech  | H0487 | Joshua 19:26  | 1  | Asher  |  |
אלף, האלף  | (h)ʾlp  | Eleph, Ha-Eleph  | H0507 | Joshua 18:28  | 1  | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem)  |  |
אלתולד  | ʾltwld  | Eltolad  | H0513 | Joshua 15:30; 19:4  | 2  | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
אלתקה  | ʾltqh  | Eltekeh  | H0514 | Joshua 19:44; 21:23  | 2  | Dan (a levitical city)  | ? Khirbet el-Mukenna';[13]: 99 Tell esh-Shalaf[13]: 99 | = Eltekon (H0515, Judah's) ?
אלתקן  | ʾltqn  | Eltekon  | H0515 | Joshua 15:59  | 1  | Judah (no important cities)  |  | = Eltekeh (H0514, Dan's) ?
אמם  | ʾmm  | Amam  | H0538 | Joshua 15:26  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
אנחרת  | ʾnḥrt  | Anaharath  | H0588 | Joshua 19:19  | 1  | Issachar  |  |
אפק  | ʾpq  | Aphek, Aphik  | H0663 | Joshua 12:18; 13:4; 19:30  | 9?  | Asher (south-western coastal territory of Asher)  | ? Tell Kurdana/ Qurdana[14]: 85 [ ⚑ ] 32°50′41″N 35°06′31″E﻿ / ﻿32.84472°N 35.10861°E﻿ / 32.84472; 35.10861[14]: 99, 103 [15] |
אפקה  | ʾpqh  | Aphekah  | H0664 | Joshua 15:53  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Hebron)  |  |
ארב  | ʾrb  | Arab  | H0694 | Joshua 15:52  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Hebron)  |  |
ארכי, הארכי  | (h)ʾrky  | Archi, Ha-Archi[16] | H0757 | Joshua 16:2  | 7  | Ephraim (southern border, Ataroth region between Bethel and the lower Beth-Horon)  | ? Ein 'Arik[17] | An inhabitant of a city of a similar name or members of a clan
אשדוד  | ʾšdwd  | Ashdod  | H0795 | Joshua 11:22; 15:46.47  | 17 [22][18] | Judah (by the sea; important cities: Ekron, Ashdod, Gaza)  | Tell Ashdod (near Ashdod)  [ ⚑ ] 31°45′21″N 34°39′29″E﻿ / ﻿31.75583°N 34.65806°E﻿ / 31.75583; 34.65806[11]: 229–230 |
אשדודי  | ʾšdwdy  | Ashdothite, Ashdodite[16] | H0796 | Joshua 13:3  | 5  | Judah  | see Ashdod (H0795)  | An inhabitant of Ashdod (H0795)
אשנה  | ʾšnh  | Ashnah [of Judah 1]  | H0823 | Joshua 15:33  | 1  | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)  |  |
אשנה  | ʾšnh  | Ashnah [of Judah 2]  | H0823 | Joshua 15:43  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha)  |  |
אשען  | ʾšʿn  | Eshean  | H0824 | Joshua 15:52  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Hebron)  |  |
אשקלונ  | ʾšqlwn  | Ashkelon[19] | H0831 | \-  | 12 [13][18] | Judah ? (one of the main Philistine cities)  | Tell Ashkelon  [ ⚑ ] 31°39′45″N 34°32′52″E﻿ / ﻿31.6625°N 34.54778°E﻿ / 31.6625; 34.54778[11]: 231 | Mentioned indirectly as Eshkalonite (H0832)
אשקלוני  | ʾšqlwny  | Eshkalonite[16] | H0832 | Joshua 13:3  | 1  | Judah ? (one of the main Philistine cities)  | see Ashqelon (H0831)  | An inhabitant of Ashqelon (H0831)
אשר  | ʾšr  | Asher  | H0836 | Joshua 17:7  | 2?  | Manasseh (not far? from Shechem)  | ? Tayasir[20] [ ⚑ ] 32°20′26″N 35°23′49″E﻿ / ﻿32.34056°N 35.39694°E﻿ / 32.34056; 35.39694; Khirbet Yarzah[20] | possibly not a city but the name of the Asher tribe
אשתאול  | ʾštʾwl  | Eshtaol  | H0847 | Joshua 15:33; 19:41  | 7  | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah); Dan (border city between Dan and Judah?)  | ? Ishwa, Eshua[21] [ ⚑ ] 31°46′50″N 35°00′42″E﻿ / ﻿31.78056°N 35.01167°E﻿ / 31.78056; 35.01167[21]: 8 ; Khirbet Islin/ Eselin[21] [ ⚑ ] 31°47′09″N 34°59′56″E﻿ / ﻿31.78583°N 34.99889°E﻿ / 31.78583; 34.99889[21]: 8 ; Khirbet Deir/Dayr abu-Kabus, Tell Abu al-Qabus[21] [ ⚑ ] 31°47′06″N 35°00′38″E﻿ / ﻿31.785°N 35.01056°E﻿ / 31.785; 35.01056[21]: 8 ; Khirbet Deir Shubeib[21] [ ⚑ ] 31°47′42″N 34°59′11″E﻿ / ﻿31.795°N 34.98639°E﻿ / 31.795; 34.98639[21]: 8 ; Khirbet esh-Sheikh Ibrahim[21] [ ⚑ ] 31°46′34″N 35°00′57″E﻿ / ﻿31.77611°N 35.01583°E﻿ / 31.77611; 35.01583[21]: 8 ; Artuf[21] [ ⚑ ] 31°46′04″N 35°00′08″E﻿ / ﻿31.76778°N 35.00222°E﻿ / 31.76778; 35.00222[21]: 8 |
אשתמה, אשתמע  | ʾštmh, ʾštmʿ  | Eshtemoh, Eshtemoa  | H0851 | Joshua 15:50; 21:14  | 4  | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen; a levitical city)  | As-Samu[22] [ ⚑ ] 31°24′03″N 35°04′02″E﻿ / ﻿31.40083°N 35.06722°E﻿ / 31.40083; 35.06722 |
בארות  | bʾrwt  | Beeroth  | H0881 | Joshua 9:17; 18:25  | 5  | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem; a city of Gibeonites alongside Gibeon, Chephirah and Kirjath-jearim)  |  |
באר שבע  | bʾr šbʿ  | Beer-Sheba  | H0884 | Joshua 15:28; 19:2  | 34  | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  | Tell es-Seba (near Beersheba)  [ ⚑ ] 31°14′41″N 34°50′27″E﻿ / ﻿31.24472°N 34.84083°E﻿ / 31.24472; 34.84083 |
לבוא חמת  | lbwʾ ḥmt  | Lebo-Hamath | H0935 \+ H2574 | Joshua 13:5  | 11  | Naphtali?, Manasseh?  | ? Tell Labweh (near Labweh)  [ ⚑ ] 34°11′51″N 36°20′32″E﻿ / ﻿34.1975°N 36.34222°E﻿ / 34.1975; 36.34222[11]: 372–3 | Possibly not a city but a geographical location
בזיותיה  | bzywtyh  | Bizjothjah  | H0964 | Joshua 15:28  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
בטן  | bṭn  | Beten  | H0991 | Joshua 19:25  | 1  | Asher  |  |
בטנים  | bṭnym  | Betonim  | H0993 | Joshua 13:26  | 1  | Gad (east of Jordan)  | Khirbet Batneh[23]: 682 |
בית און  | byt ʾwn  | Beth-Aven  | H1007 | Joshua 7:2; 18:12  | 7  | Benjamin ? (northern border of Benjamin's territory, between Jericho and Luz; near Ai, to the east of Bethel)  | ? Khirbet el-Maqatir[24]: 212 [ ⚑ ] 31°54′55″N 35°15′01″E﻿ / ﻿31.91528°N 35.25028°E﻿ / 31.91528; 35.25028;[24]: 212 Beitin[24]: 224–228 [ ⚑ ] 31°55′36″N 35°14′23″E﻿ / ﻿31.92667°N 35.23972°E﻿ / 31.92667; 35.23972;[24]: 207 et-Tell[24]: 222–3 [ ⚑ ] 31°55′01″N 35°15′41″E﻿ / ﻿31.91694°N 35.26139°E﻿ / 31.91694; 35.26139;[24]: 205 Khirbet Nisieh[25] [ ⚑ ] 31°53′48″N 35°13′45″E﻿ / ﻿31.89667°N 35.22917°E﻿ / 31.89667; 35.22917;[26]: 23 formerly identified with: Khirbet Haiyan[24]: 222 [ ⚑ ] 31°54′15″N 35°16′10″E﻿ / ﻿31.90417°N 35.26944°E﻿ / 31.90417; 35.26944;[24]: 222 Deir Dibwan[24]: 222 [ ⚑ ] 31°54′38″N 35°16′17″E﻿ / ﻿31.91056°N 35.27139°E﻿ / 31.91056; 35.27139;[24]: 222 Burg Beitin[24]: 222 [ ⚑ ] 31°55′21″N 35°14′43″E﻿ / ﻿31.9225°N 35.24528°E﻿ / 31.9225; 35.24528;[24]: 222 Burqa[24]: 223 [ ⚑ ] 31°53′46″N 35°15′15″E﻿ / ﻿31.89611°N 35.25417°E﻿ / 31.89611; 35.25417;[24]: 223 Tell Maryam[24]: 223 [ ⚑ ] 31°52′10″N 35°16′06″E﻿ / ﻿31.86944°N 35.26833°E﻿ / 31.86944; 35.26833;[24]: 223 Khirbet Tell el-'Askar[24]: 223 [ ⚑ ] 31°52′49″N 35°16′52″E﻿ / ﻿31.88028°N 35.28111°E﻿ / 31.88028; 35.28111[24]: 223 |
ביתאל  | bytʾl  | Bethel  | H1008 | Joshua 7:2; 8:9.12.17; 12:9.16; 16:1-2; 18:13.22  | 72  | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho; southern border of Ephraim's territory, not far from Jericho; west of Beth-Aven and Ai; beside Ai; northern border of Benjamin's territory between Beth-Aven and Ataroth-Adar)  | ? Beitin  [ ⚑ ] 31°55′37″N 35°14′19″E﻿ / ﻿31.92694°N 35.23861°E﻿ / 31.92694; 35.23861; Ras et-Tahuneh[24]: 205 [27] (in Al-Bireh)  [ ⚑ ] 31°54′30″N 35°12′44″E﻿ / ﻿31.90833°N 35.21222°E﻿ / 31.90833; 35.21222 | = Luz (H3870)
בית בעל מעון, בית מעון  | byt bʿl mʿwn, byt mʿwn  | Beth-Baal-Meon, Beth-Meon  | H1010 | Joshua 13:17  | 2  | Reuben (east of Jordan)  | ? Khirbet et-Teim (near Ma'in, Jordan)[23]: 667–668 |
ביתדגון  | bytdgwn  | Beth-Dagon [of Judah]  | H1016 | Joshua 15:41  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)  |  |
ביתדגון  | bytdgwn  | Beth-Dagon [of Asher]  | H1016 | Joshua 19:27  | 1  | Asher (between Carmel and the valley of Jipthah-El, close to Zebulun's territory)  |  |
בית הישמות  | byt (h)yšmwt  | Beth-Jeshimoth, Beth-Ha-Jeshimoth  | H1020 | Joshua 12:3; 13:20  | 4  | Reuben (east of Jordan)  | Tell el-‘Azeimeh (near Sweimeh, Jordan)[28]: 88–89 [ ⚑ ] 31°46′57″N 35°37′17″E﻿ / ﻿31.782551°N 35.621250°E﻿ / 31.782551; 35.621250 |
ביתהמרכבות  | byt(h)mrkbwt  | Beth-Marcaboth, Beth-Ha-Marcaboth  | H1024 | Joshua 19:5  | 2  | Simeon within Judah (listed between Hormah, Ziklag and Hazar-Susah, Beth-Lebaoth)  |  | = Madmannah (H4086) ?
בית העמק  | byt (h)ʿmq  | Beth-Emek, Beth-Ha-Emek  | H1025 | Joshua 19:27  | 1  | Asher (near the valley of Jipthah-El, close to Zebulun's territory)  | Tell Mīmās[29] |
בית הערבה  | byt (h)ʿrbh  | Beth-Arabah, Beth-Ha-Arabah [of Judah]  | H1026 | Joshua 15:61  | 1  | Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi)  |  | = Beth-Arabah [of Benjamin] (H1026) ?
בית הערבה  | byt (h)ʿrbh  | Beth-Arabah, Beth-Ha-Arabah [of Benjamin]  | H1026 | Joshua 15:6; 18:22  | 2  | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho; northern border of Judah, close to Beth-Hoglah and the Jordan river)  |  | = Beth-Arabah [of Judah] (H1026) ?
בית הרם  | byt hrm  | Beth-Aram, Beth-Haram  | H1027 | Joshua 13:27  | 1  | Gad (east of Jordan)  | Tell Iktanu;[23]: 684–685 Tell er-Rameh[23]: 684–685 [ ⚑ ] 31°49′32″N 35°38′40″E﻿ / ﻿31.82556°N 35.64444°E﻿ / 31.82556; 35.64444 |
ביתחגלה  | bytḥglh  | Beth-Hoglah  | H1031 | Joshua 15:6; 18:19.21  | 3  | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho; southern border of Benjamin and northern border of Judah; closest to the Jordan river)  | ? Deir Hajla area:[30] 'Ain Ḥajla[31] [ ⚑ ] 31°49′41″N 35°30′44″E﻿ / ﻿31.82806°N 35.51222°E﻿ / 31.82806; 35.51222 (optionally Dir Hg'la  [ ⚑ ] 31°49′23″N 35°30′26″E﻿ / ﻿31.82306°N 35.50722°E﻿ / 31.82306; 35.50722 or Deir Hijleh  [ ⚑ ] 31°49′13″N 35°30′05″E﻿ / ﻿31.82028°N 35.50139°E﻿ / 31.82028; 35.50139)[32] |
בית חורן עליון  | byt ḥwrn ʿlywn  | Beth-Horon the upper  | H1032 \+ H5945 | Joshua (10:10-11?;) 16:5; (21:22?)  | 11 or 4  | Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, not far from Ataroth-Addar; a levitical city?)  | Beit 'Ur al-Fawqa[33] [ ⚑ ] 31°53′09″N 35°06′51″E﻿ / ﻿31.88583°N 35.11417°E﻿ / 31.88583; 35.11417 |
בית חורן תחתון  | byt ḥwrn tḥtwn  | Beth-Horon the lower  | H1032 \+ H8481 | Joshua (10:10-11?;) 16:3; 18:13-14; (21:22?)  | 13 or 6  | Ephraim (southern border, between Bethel, Ataroth and Gezer; northern border of Benjamin's territory between Luz-Bethel, Ataroth-Adar and Kiriath-Jearim; a levitical city?)  | Beit Ur al-Tahta[33] [ ⚑ ] 31°53′42″N 35°05′01″E﻿ / ﻿31.895°N 35.08361°E﻿ / 31.895; 35.08361 |
בית לבאות  | byt lbʾwt  | Beth-Lebaoth  | H1034 | Joshua 19:6  | 1  | Simeon within Judah (listed after Hormah, Ziklag and before Ain, Rimmon)  |  | = Lebaoth (H3822) ?
בית לחם  | byt lḥm  | Bethlehem [of Zebulun]  | H1035 | Joshua 19:15  | 1?  | Zebulun  | Bethlehem of Galilee[34]: 212 [ ⚑ ] 32°44′12″N 35°11′29″E﻿ / ﻿32.73667°N 35.19139°E﻿ / 32.73667; 35.19139 |
בית נמרה  | byt nmrh  | Beth-Nimrah  | H1039 | Joshua 13:27  | 2  | Gad (east of Jordan)  | Tell Nimrin[23]: 685–687 [ ⚑ ] 31°54′32″N 35°38′17″E﻿ / ﻿31.909°N 35.638°E﻿ / 31.909; 35.638 |
ביתענות  | bytʿnwt  | Beth-Anoth  | H1042 | Joshua 15:59  | 1  | Judah (no important cities)  |  |
ביתענת  | bytʿnt  | Beth-Anath  | H1043 | Joshua 19:38  | 3  | Naphtali (a fortified city; not far from Beth-Shemesh)  | ? Safad El Battikh[35]: 30 [ ⚑ ] 33°12′00″N 35°25′58″E﻿ / ﻿33.2°N 35.43278°E﻿ / 33.2; 35.43278 |
בית פלט  | byt plṭ  | Beth-Pelet  | H1046 | Joshua 15:27  | 2  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
בית פעור  | byt pʿwr  | Beth-Peor  | H1047 | Joshua 13:20  | 4  | Reuben (east of Jordan)  | ? Khirbet el-Meshed[23]: 672 |
בית פצץ  | byt pṣṣ  | Beth-Pazzez  | H1048 | Joshua 19:21  | 1  | Issachar  |  |
ביתצור  | bytṣwr  | Beth-Zur  | H1049 | Joshua 15:58  | 2?  | Judah (no important cities)  | Khirbet et-Tubeiqa  [ ⚑ ] 31°35′00″N 35°06′00″E﻿ / ﻿31.58333°N 35.1°E﻿ / 31.58333; 35.1 |
ביתשאן  | bytšʾn  | Beth-Shean  | H1052 | Joshua 17:11.16  | 9  | Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher)  | Tell Beisan, Tell el-Husn[36] [ ⚑ ] 32°30′16″N 35°30′11″E﻿ / ﻿32.50444°N 35.50306°E﻿ / 32.50444; 35.50306[37] |
ביתשמש  | bytšmš  | Beth-Shemesh [of Judah]  | H1053 | Joshua 15:10; 21:16  | 16  | Judah (northern border, between Kirjath-Jearim and Timnah; a levitical city)  | Tell er-Rumeileh (near Beit Shemesh)  [ ⚑ ] 31°45′03″N 34°58′31″E﻿ / ﻿31.75083°N 34.97528°E﻿ / 31.75083; 34.97528[11]: 256–7 |
ביתשמש  | bytšmš  | Beth-Shemesh [of Issachar]  | H1053 | Joshua 19:22  | 1  | Issachar?  | Tell el-Muḫarḫaš[38]: 164–5 | = Beth-Szemesh [of Naphtali] (H1053) ?
ביתשמש  | bytšmš  | Beth-Shemesh [of Naphtali]  | H1053 | Joshua 19:38  | 3  | Naphtali (a fortified city)  | ? Ḫirbet Tell er-Ruwēse;[38]: 163–4 Ḥārīș[38]: 164 |
ביתתפוח  | byttpwḥ  | Beth-Tappuah  | H1054 | Joshua 15:53  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Hebron)  | Taffuh[39] [ ⚑ ] 31°32′21″N 35°3′11″E﻿ / ﻿31.53917°N 35.05306°E﻿ / 31.53917; 35.05306 |
בלה  | blh  | Balah  | H1088 | Joshua 19:3  | 1  | Simeon within Judah  |  | = Baalah (H1173) ?
במות בעל, במות  | bmwt bʿl, bmwt  | Bamoth-Baal, Bamoth  | H1120 | Joshua 13:17  | 4  | Reuben (east of Jordan)  | ? Khirbet el-Quweiqiyeh[23]: 666 |
בניברק  | bnybrq  | Bene-Berak  | H1139 | Joshua 19:45  | 1  | Dan  |  |
בעל גד  | bʿl gd  | Baal-Gad  | H1171 | Joshua 11:17; 12:7; 13:5  | 3  | Manasseh?, Naphtali? (in the valley of Lebanon under Mount Hermon, on the west side of the Jordan river)  | ? Tell Haush;[28]: 154 Hasbeija[28]: 154 [ ⚑ ] 33°23′52″N 35°40′57″E﻿ / ﻿33.39778°N 35.6825°E﻿ / 33.39778; 35.6825 |
בעלה  | bʿlh  | Baalah [of Judah 1]  | H1173 | Joshua 15:9.10  | 3  | Judah (northern border between Jerusalem and Beth-Shemesh)  | see Kiriath-Jearim (H7157)  | = Kiriath-Jearim (H7157)
בעלה  | bʿlh  | Baalah [of Judah 2]  | H1173 | Joshua 15:29  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  | = Balah (H1088, Simeon's) ?
בעלות  | bʿlwt  | Bealoth  | H1175 | Joshua 15:24  | 2 or 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
בעלת  | bʿlt  | Baalath  | H1191 | Joshua 19:44  | 3  | Dan  |  |
בעלת באר  | bʿlt bʾr  | Baalath-Beer  | H1192 | Joshua 19:8  | 1  | Simeon (within Judah?, in the Negev?)  |  |
בעשתרה  | bʿštrh  | Beesh-Terah  | H1203 | Joshua 21:27  | 1  | Manasseh (east of the Jordan river; a levitical city)  | see Ashtaroth (H6252)[28]: 155 | = Ashtaroth (H6252) ?
בצקת  | bṣqt  | Bozkath  | H1218 | Joshua 15:39  | 2  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)  |  |
בצר  | bṣr  | Bezer  | H1221 | Joshua 20:8; 21:36  | 4  | Reuben (on the east side of the Jordan; not far from Jericho?; a city of refuge; a levitical city)  | Jalul[40] [ ⚑ ] 31°43′0″N 35°51′0″E﻿ / ﻿31.716667°N 35.85°E﻿ / 31.716667; 35.85 |
בתול  | btwl  | Bethul  | H1329 | Joshua 19:4  | 1  | Simeon within Judah (listed between Azem, Eltolad and Hormah, Ziklag)  |  | = Chesil (H3686) ?
גבל  | gbl  | Gebal[19] | H1380 | \-  | 1 [3][18] | Asher ?  | Byblos [ ⚑ ] 34°07′25″N 35°39′07″E﻿ / ﻿34.12361°N 35.65194°E﻿ / 34.12361; 35.65194 | Mentioned indirectly as Giblite (H1382)
גבלי  | gbly  | Giblite, Gebalite[16] | H1382 | Joshua 13:5  | 2  | Asher ?  | see Gebal/Gubla (H1380)  | An inhabitant of Gebal/Gubla (H1380)
גבע  | gbʿ  | Geba, Gaba  | H1387 | Joshua 18:24; 21:17  | 18  | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho; a levitical city)  | ? Jaba'[41] (near Jerusalem)  [ ⚑ ] 31°51′27″N 35°15′40″E﻿ / ﻿31.8575°N 35.26111°E﻿ / 31.8575; 35.26111?  |
גבעה  | gbʿh  | Gibeah [of Judah]  | H1390 | Joshua 15:57  | 43 or 1  | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah)  |  | = Gibeah [of Benjamin] (H1390) ?
גבעון  | gbʿwn  | Gibeon  | H1391 | Joshua 9:3.17; 10:1-2.4-6.10.12.41; 11:19; 18:25; 21:17  | 37  | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem; a levitical city; a city of Gibeonites alongside Chephirah, Beeroth and Kirjath-jearim; a big city, yet not a royal city of Canaanites)  | Al Jib  [ ⚑ ] 31°50′52″N 35°10′59″E﻿ / ﻿31.84778°N 35.18306°E﻿ / 31.84778; 35.18306 |
גבעת  | gbʿt  | Gibeath  | H1394 | Joshua 18:28  | 1  | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem)  | = Gibeah [of Benjamin] (H1390) ?
גבתון  | gbtwn  | Gibbethon  | H1405 | Joshua 19:44; 21:23  | 6  | Dan (a levitical city)  | ? Tall Mlat, Tell el-Melat, Tel Malot[42]: 182 [ ⚑ ] 31°51′23″N 34°51′55″E﻿ / ﻿31.85639°N 34.86528°E﻿ / 31.85639; 34.86528;[43] Ras Abu Hamid/Humeid [ ⚑ ] 31°54′12″N 34°53′28″E﻿ / ﻿31.90333°N 34.89111°E﻿ / 31.90333; 34.89111;[8]: 149 [42]: 182 formerly identified with Gibbiah, Kibbiah, Qibya[44] [ ⚑ ] 31°58′36″N 35°00′42″E﻿ / ﻿31.97667°N 35.01167°E﻿ / 31.97667; 35.01167[45] |
גדר  | gdr  | Geder  | H1445 | Joshua 12:13  | 1  | ? Judah? (listed between Gezer, Debir and Hormah, Arad)  |  | = Gedor (H1446)?, = Gederah (H1449)?, = Gederoth (H1450)?
גדור  | gdwr  | Gedor  | H1446 | Joshua 15:58  | 3  | Judah (no important cities)  |  |
גדרה  | (h)gdrh  | Gederah, Ha-Gederah  | H1449 | Joshua 15:36  | 2  | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)  |  |
גדרות  | gdrwt  | Gederoth  | H1450 | Joshua 15:41  | 2  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)  |  |
גדרתים  | gdrtym  | Gederothaim  | H1453 | Joshua 15:36  | 1  | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)  |  |
גלון, גולן  | glwn, gwln  | Golan  | H1474 | Joshua 20:8; 21:27  | 4  | Manasseh (in Bashan, east of the Jordan river; a city of refuge; a levitical city)  | Sahm el-Jaulān[23]: 697–698 [ ⚑ ] 32°46′52″N 35°56′5″E﻿ / ﻿32.78111°N 35.93472°E﻿ / 32.78111; 35.93472 |
גזר  | gzr  | Gezer  | H1507 | Joshua 10:33; 12:12; 16:3.10; 21:21  | 15  | Ephraim (southern border city closest to the Mediterranean Sea; a levitical city; not far from Lachish)  | Tell el-Jezer (near Karmei Yosef)  [ ⚑ ] 31°51′34″N 34°55′12″E﻿ / ﻿31.85944°N 34.92°E﻿ / 31.85944; 34.92 |
גלגל, הגלגל  | (h)glgl  | Gilgal 1 [of Judah?]  | H1537 | Joshua 4:19-20; 5:9-10; 9:6; 10:6-7.9.15.43; 14:6; 15:7  | 40?  | ? Judah? (a point of reference in describing the northern border of Judah between Debir and Jerusalem, not far from the Jordan river, not far from Jericho - "on the eastern border of Jericho", "on the wilderness of Jericho"; mentioned alongside Adummim; all night's march distance from Gibeon)  | ? Tell/Khirbet el-Mafjar/Mefjir[8] (in Jericho)  [ ⚑ ] 31°52′30″N 35°27′54″E﻿ / ﻿31.875°N 35.465°E﻿ / 31.875; 35.465;[46] Ṣuwwanet eth-Thaniya/Jiser Abu Ghabush[47] (in Jericho)  [ ⚑ ] 31°52′55″N 35°27′23″E﻿ / ﻿31.88194°N 35.45639°E﻿ / 31.88194; 35.45639;[48] Nitla, Khirbet en-/Tell Jaljul (Galgala), Tell Jeljul, Birket Jiljulieh[49] (in Jericho)  [ ⚑ ] 31°51′06″N 35°29′17″E﻿ / ﻿31.85167°N 35.48806°E﻿ / 31.85167; 35.48806[50]; Gilgal Argaman  [ ⚑ ] 32°09′40″N 35°30′45″E﻿ / ﻿32.16111°N 35.5125°E﻿ / 32.16111; 35.5125 | = Geliloth (H1553) ?; Gilgal 2 (H1537) ?
גלגל  | glgl  | Gilgal 2 [of ?]  | H1537 | Joshua 12:23  | 1?  | ? (a king of this place was defeated by Joshua, it is listed between Jokneam of Carmel, Dor and Tirzah)  | ? Jaljulia  [ ⚑ ] 32°09′13″N 34°57′06″E﻿ / ﻿32.15361°N 34.95167°E﻿ / 32.15361; 34.95167?; Jiljilia  [ ⚑ ] 32°01′39″N 35°13′11″E﻿ / ﻿32.0275°N 35.21972°E﻿ / 32.0275; 35.21972?  | = Gilgal 1 (H1537) ?
גלה  | glh  | Giloh  | H1542 | Joshua 15:51  | 2  | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen)  |  |
| glylwt  | Geliloth  | H1553 | Joshua 18:17  | 1  | ? Judah? (a point of reference in describing the southern border of Benjamin between Jerusalem and Beth-Hoglah, not far from the Jordan river; mentioned alongside Adummim)  |  | = Gilgal (H1537) ?
גשן  | gšn  | Goshen  | H1657 | Joshua (10:41?; 11:16?;) 15:51  | 3?  | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen)  |  |
גת  | gt  | Gath | H1661 | Joshua 11:22  | 33 [43][18] | Judah ? (one of the main Philistine cities)  | ? Tell es-Safi (near Luzit)  [ ⚑ ] 31°41′59″N 34°50′49″E﻿ / ﻿31.69972°N 34.84694°E﻿ / 31.69972; 34.84694; Tell 'Areini (near Kiryat Gat)  [ ⚑ ] 31°36′42″N 34°47′07″E﻿ / ﻿31.61167°N 34.78528°E﻿ / 31.61167; 34.78528; Tell Hamid, Ras Abu Humeid (near Ramla)  [ ⚑ ] 31°54′11″N 34°53′28″E﻿ / ﻿31.90306°N 34.89111°E﻿ / 31.90306; 34.89111; Tell en-Nejileh, Tel Nagila (between Ahuzam and Beit Kama)  [ ⚑ ] 31°30′08″N 34°45′28″E﻿ / ﻿31.50222°N 34.75778°E﻿ / 31.50222; 34.75778 |
גתה חפר  | gth ḥpr  | Gittah-Hepher  | H1662 | Joshua 19:13  | 2  | Zebulun (Zebulun's eastern? border, not far from Japhia)  | ? Ḫirbet Umm Ğebēl[7]: 429 |
גתי  | gty  | Gittite[16] | H1663 | Joshua 13:3  | 10  | Judah ? (one of the main Philistine cities)  | see Gath (H1661)  | An inhabitant of Gath (H1661)
גתרמון  | gtrmwn  | Gath-Rimmon [of Dan]  | H1667 | Joshua 19:45; 21:24  | 3  | Dan (a levitical city)  | ? Tel Gerisa, Tell Jerisheh[13]: 100 [ ⚑ ] 32°05′30″N 34°48′27″E﻿ / ﻿32.09167°N 34.8075°E﻿ / 32.09167; 34.8075; Tell Abu Zeitun[13]: 100 [ ⚑ ] 32°05′58″N 34°50′13″E﻿ / ﻿32.09944°N 34.83694°E﻿ / 32.09944; 34.83694 |
גתרמון  | gtrmwn  | Gath-Rimmon [of Manasseh]  | H1667 | Joshua 21:25  | 1  | Manasseh (a levitical city; west of Jordan)  | Rummanah[51] [ ⚑ ] 32°31′26″N 35°12′18″E﻿ / ﻿32.52389°N 35.205°E﻿ / 32.52389; 35.205 |
דבר  | dbr  | Debir [of Judah 1]  | H1688 | Joshua 10:38-39; 11:21; 12:13; 15:15.49; 21:15  | 11?  | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen; a levitical city)  | ? Khirbet Rabud[52][53] [ ⚑ ] 31°25′57″N 35°00′54″E﻿ / ﻿31.4325°N 35.015°E﻿ / 31.4325; 35.015;[11]: 446 Tell Beit Mirsim[54] [ ⚑ ] 31°27′20″N 34°54′39″E﻿ / ﻿31.45556°N 34.91083°E﻿ / 31.45556; 34.91083[11]: 251 | = Kirjath-Sannah (H7158), = Kirjath-Sepher (H7158), = Debir [of Judah 2?] (H1688) ?
דבר  | dbr  | Debir [of Judah 2?]  | H1688 | Joshua (10:38-39?; 11:21?; 12:13?;) 15:7; (21:15?;)  | 1?  | ? Judah? (a point of reference in describing the northern border of Judah between Gilgal and Beth-Arabah)  |  | = Debir [of Judah 1] (H1688) ?
דבר  | dbr  | Debir [of Gad]  | H1688 | Joshua 13:26  | 1?  | Gad (east of Jordan)  | Tell el-Husn;[23]: 683–684 Tell Irbid[23]: 683–684 [ ⚑ ] 32°33′0″N 35°51′0″E﻿ / ﻿32.55°N 35.85°E﻿ / 32.55; 35.85 |
הדברת  | (h)dbrt  | Daberath, Ha-Daberath [of Zebulun]  | H1705 | Joshua 19:12  | 1?  | Zebulun (Zebulun's southern? border, between Sarid, Chisloth-Tabor and Japhia)  | Hirbet Dabbureh[34]: 207–208 | = Daberath [of Issahar] ?
דברת  | dbrt  | Daberath [of Issahar]  | H1705 | Joshua 21:28  | 2?  | Issahar (a levitical city)  | Daburiyya[55] [ ⚑ ] 32°41′31″N 35°22′18″E﻿ / ﻿32.69194°N 35.37167°E﻿ / 32.69194; 35.37167 | = Daberath [of Zebulun] ?
דבשת  | dbšt  | Dabbasheth  | H1708 | Joshua 19:11  | 1  | Zebulun (Zebulun's border, between Sarid, Maralah and Jokneam)  | ? Tell eš-Šemmam;[7]: 424 Tell el-Qassīs;[7]: 424 Tell er-Rīš[7]: 425 |
דומה  | dwmh  | Dumah  | H1746 | Joshua 15:52  | 1?  | Judah (important cities: Hebron)  |  |
דאר  | dʾr  | Dor  | H1756 | Joshua 11:2; 12:23; 17:11  | 7  | Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher)  | ? Khirbet/Tell el-Burj[56] [ ⚑ ] 32°36′59″N 34°54′59″E﻿ / ﻿32.61639°N 34.91639°E﻿ / 32.61639; 34.91639[57] |
דיבון  | dybwn  | Dibon  | H1769 | Joshua 13:9.17  | 10?  | Reuben (east of Jordan)  | ? Tell Dhiban, Tall Dhiban[58] [ ⚑ ] 31°30′06″N 35°46′37″E﻿ / ﻿31.50167°N 35.77694°E﻿ / 31.50167; 35.77694[59] |
דימונה  | dymwnh  | Dimonah  | H1776 | Joshua 15:22  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
דלען  | dlʿn  | Dilean  | H1810 | Joshua 15:38  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)  |  |
דמנה  | dmnh  | Dimnah  | H1829 | Joshua 21:35  | 1  | Zebulun (a levitical city)  |  |
דן  | dn  | Dan  | H1835 | Joshua 19:47  | 24  | Dan (within Naphtali's territory?)  | Tell el-Qadi/Kadi (near Dan)  [ ⚑ ] 33°14′55″N 35°39′11″E﻿ / ﻿33.24861°N 35.65306°E﻿ / 33.24861; 35.65306 | = Leshem (H3959)
דנה  | dnh  | Dannah  | H1837 | Joshua 15:49  | 1  | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen)  |  |
זיף  | zyp  | Ziph [of Judah 1]  | H2128 | Joshua 15:24  | 1?  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  | ? Khirbet ez-Zeifeh[60] [ ⚑ ] 31°00′52″N 34°58′48″E﻿ / ﻿31.01444°N 34.98°E﻿ / 31.01444; 34.98[60] |
זיף  | zyp  | Ziph [of Judah 2]  | H2128 | Joshua 15:55  | 8?  | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah)  | ? Tell Zif[60][61] [ ⚑ ] 31°28′27″N 35°07′34″E﻿ / ﻿31.47417°N 35.12611°E﻿ / 31.47417; 35.12611[60]; Khribet Ziph[62] [ ⚑ ] 31°28′31″N 35°08′06″E﻿ / ﻿31.47528°N 35.135°E﻿ / 31.47528; 35.135[63] |
זנוח  | znwḥ  | Zanoah 1, Shfela of Judah  | H2182 | Joshua 15:34  | 4?  | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)  | Khirbet Zanûa on the ground of Moshav Zanoah[64] [ ⚑ ] 31°43′55.91″N 34°59′57.12″E﻿ / ﻿31.7321972°N 34.9992°E﻿ / 31.7321972; 34.9992 |
זנוח  | znwḥ  | Zanoah 2, Hill Country of Judah  | H2182 | Joshua 15:56  | 1?  | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah)  |  |
חברון  | ḥbrwn  | Hebron | H2275 | Joshua 10:3.5.23.36.39; 11:21; 12:10; 14:13-15; 15:13.54; 20:7; 21:11.13  | 63  | Judah (important cities: Hebron; Caleb's inheritance, not far from Debir; a city of refuge; a levitical city for Kohathites; one of the cities in the Jerusalem coalition: Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon)  | Jabla al Rahama (in Hebron)  [ ⚑ ] 31°31′26″N 35°06′14″E﻿ / ﻿31.52389°N 35.10389°E﻿ / 31.52389; 35.10389 | = Kiriath-Arba (H7153)
חדשה  | ḥdšh  | Hadashah  | H2322 | Joshua 15:37  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)  | Tel Sheqf[65] |
חלן  | ḥln  | Holon  | H2473 | Joshua 15:51; 21:15  | 2  | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen; a levitical city)  |  |
חלחול  | ḥlḥwl  | Halhul  | H2478 | Joshua 15:58  | 1  | Judah (no important cities)  | Halhul  [ ⚑ ] 31°34′44″N 35°05′57″E﻿ / ﻿31.57889°N 35.09917°E﻿ / 31.57889; 35.09917 |
חלי  | ḥly  | Hali  | H2482 | Joshua 19:25  | 1  | Asher  | Tel Hali Ha-Ma'aravi[66] |
חלף  | ḥlp  | Heleph  | H2501 | Joshua 19:33  | 1  | Naphtali  | Ḫirbet 'Arbiṯa[67] |
חלקת  | ḥlqt  | Helkath  | H2520 | Joshua 19:25; 21:31  | 2  | Asher (a levitical city)  |  |
חמון  | ḥmwn  | Hammon  | H2540 | Joshua 19:28  | 2 or 1  | Asher (northern border?)  | Khirbet Umm el-ʿAwāmid[35]: 33 |
חמטה  | ḥmṭh  | Humtah  | H2547 | Joshua 15:54  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Hebron)  |  |
חמת  | ḥmt  | Hamath [unassigned]  | H2574 | Joshua 13:5  | 36 or 25  | ? (north of Damascus)  | Hama Castle area (in Hama)  [ ⚑ ] 35°08′11″N 36°44′58″E﻿ / ﻿35.13639°N 36.74944°E﻿ / 35.13639; 36.74944 |
חמת  | ḥmt  | Hammath [of Naphtali]  | H2575 | Joshua 19:35  | 1  | Naphtali (a fortified city)  | Hamat Tiberias[68] [ ⚑ ] 32°46′6.51″N 35°32′54.43″E﻿ / ﻿32.768475°N 35.5484528°E﻿ / 32.768475; 35.5484528 | = Hammoth-Dor (H2576) ?
| ḥmt dʾr  | Hammoth-Dor  | H2576 | Joshua 21:32  | 1  | Naphtali (a levitical city)  |  | = Hammath [of Naphtali] (H2575) ?
חנתן  | ḥntn  | Hannathon  | H2615 | Joshua 19:14  | 1  | Zebulun (Zabulun's northern border)  | Tel Hanaton[34]: 210 [ ⚑ ] 32°47′08″N 35°15′25″E﻿ / ﻿32.78556°N 35.25694°E﻿ / 32.78556; 35.25694 |
חסה  | ḥsh  | Hosah  | H2621 | Joshua 19:29  | 1  | Asher (eastern border between Tyre and Achzib)  | Tell Rashidiyeh or Khirbet el-Hos,[69] today both in Lebanon, one S of Tyre, see here, the other SE of it, see here.  |
חפר  | ḥpr  | Hepher  | H2660 | Joshua 12:17  | 2 or 1  | ? (a king of this city was defeated by Joshua)  | ? Tell el-Muḥaffar[70] | a region?
חפרים  | ḥprym  | Haphraim  | H2663 | Joshua 19:19  | 1  | Issachar  |  |
חצור  | ḥṣwr  | Hazor [of Judah 1]  | H2674 | Joshua 15:23  | 1?  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
חצור  | ḥṣwr  | Hazor [of Judah 2]  | H2674 | Joshua 15:25  | 1?  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  | see Hezron (H2696)  | = Hezron (H2696), = Kerioth[-Hezron] (H7152) ?
חצור  | ḥṣwr  | Hazor [of Naphtali]  | H2674 | Joshua 11:1.10-11.13; 12:19; 19:36  | 12  | Naphtali (a fortified city)  | Tell el Qedah, Khirbet Waqqas  [ ⚑ ] 33°01′03″N 35°34′05″E﻿ / ﻿33.0175°N 35.56806°E﻿ / 33.0175; 35.56806[11]: 328 |
חצור חדתה  | ḥṣwr ḥdth  | Hazor Hadattah, Hazor-hadattah  | H2675 | Joshua 15:25  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  | el-Ḫuḍēra[71] |
חצר גדה  | ḥṣr gdh  | Hazar-Gaddah  | H2693 | Joshua 15:27  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
חצרון  | ḥṣrwn (qrywt ḥṣrwn ?)  | Hezron  | H2696 | Joshua 15:3.25  | 2  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; southern border, to the east of Kadesh-Barnea)  |  | = Hazor [of Judah 2] (H2674), = Kerioth[-Hezron] (H7152) ?
חצר סוסה  | ḥṣr swsh  | Hazar-Susah  | H2701 | Joshua 19:5  | 1  | Simeon within Judah (listed between Hormah, Ziklag, Beth-Marcaboth and Beth-Lebaoth)  |  | = Sansannah (H5578) ?
חצר שועל  | ḥṣr šwʿl  | Hazar-Shual  | H2705 | Joshua 15:28; 19:3  | 4  | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
חוקקה  | ḥwqqh  | Hukkok  | H2712 | Joshua 19:34  | 2 or 1  | Naphtali (south-western corner? with Zebulun on the south, Asher on the west and Judah on Jordan towards the east?)  | ? Huqoq  [ ⚑ ] 32°53′5″N 35°28′44″E﻿ / ﻿32.88472°N 35.47889°E﻿ / 32.88472; 35.47889 |
חרם  | ḥrm  | Horem  | H2765 | Joshua 19:38  | 1  | Naphtali (a fortified city)  |  |
חרמה  | ḥrmh  | Hormah  | H2767 | Joshua 12:14; 15:30; 19:4  | 9  | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  | ? Tell el-Milh, Tel Malhata (fr)[72] [ ⚑ ] 31°13′02″N 35°01′33″E﻿ / ﻿31.21722°N 35.02583°E﻿ / 31.21722; 35.02583;[73] Hirbet el-Mesas, Khirbet el-Meshash, Tel Masos[72] [ ⚑ ] 31°13′00″N 34°58′00″E﻿ / ﻿31.2166667°N 34.9666667°E﻿ / 31.2166667; 34.9666667;[74] Tell el-Khuweilifeh, Tel Halif[72][75] [ ⚑ ] 31°22′58″N 34°51′59″E﻿ / ﻿31.38278°N 34.86639°E﻿ / 31.38278; 34.86639[76] |
חשבון  | ḥšbwn  | Heshbon  | H2809 | Joshua 9:10; 12:2.5; 13:10.17.21.26-27; 21:39  | 38  | Reuben, later Gad (east of Jordan, border between Reuben and Gad; a levitical city of Gad)  | Tell Ḥesbān (in Hisban)  [ ⚑ ] 31°48′03″N 35°48′32″E﻿ / ﻿31.80083°N 35.80889°E﻿ / 31.80083; 35.80889 |
חשמון  | ḥšmwn  | Heshmon  | H2829 | Joshua 15:27  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
טלם  | ṭlm  | Telem  | H2928 | Joshua 15:24  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
יבוס  | ybws  | Jebus[19] | H2982 | \-  | 4 [45][18] | Benjamin, Judah  | see Jerusalem (H3389)  | = Jerusalem (H3389). Mentioned indirectly as Jebusi (H2983)
יבוסי, היבוסי  | (h)ybwsy  | Jebusi, Ha-Jebusi[16] | H2983 | Joshua 15:8; 18:16.28  | 41  | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem; northern border of Judah, southern border of Benjamin), Judah (eventually)  | see Jerusalem (H3389)  | = Jerusalem (H3389), also an inhabitant of Jebus (H2982)
יבלעם  | yblʿm  | Ibleam  | H2991 | Joshua 17:11  | 3  | Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher)  | ? Khirbet Belameh/ Bel'ameh/ Balameh, Sheikh Mansur[77][78] [ ⚑ ] 32°26′45″N 35°17′29″E﻿ / ﻿32.44583°N 35.29139°E﻿ / 32.44583; 35.29139;[11]: 241 Yubla, Khirbet Yebla[78] [ ⚑ ] 32°34′33″N 35°28′10″E﻿ / ﻿32.57583°N 35.46944°E﻿ / 32.57583; 35.46944[79] |
יבנאל  | ybnʾl  | Jabneel [of Judah]  | H2995 | Joshua 15:11  | 1  | Judah (northern border, west or north-west of Ekron, between mount Baalah and the Mediterranean Sea)  | Tel Yavne[80] south of the modern village of Yavne  [ ⚑ ] 31°51′58″N 34°44′47″E﻿ / ﻿31.86611°N 34.74639°E﻿ / 31.86611; 34.74639 |
יבנאל  | ybnʾl  | Jabneel [of Naphtali]  | H2995 | Joshua 19:33  | 1  | Naphtali  |  |
יגור  | ygwr  | Jagur  | H3017 | Joshua 15:21  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  | Hirbet Sumrā[81] |
ידאלה  | ydʾlh  | Idalah  | H3030 | Joshua 19:15  | 1  | Zebulun  | Hirbet el-Huwāra[82] |
יהד  | yhd  | Jehud  | H3055 | Joshua 19:45  | 1  | Dan  | Tell Yehud (Tell Al-Yahudiya)[83] within the modern city od Yehud  |
יהצה  | yhṣh  | Jahaza, Jahaz  | H3096 | Joshua 13:18; 21:36  | 9  | Reuben (east of Jordan; a levitical city)  | ? Hirbet al-Mudayyina[84] [ ⚑ ] 31°35′19″N 35°54′28″E﻿ / ﻿31.58861°N 35.90778°E﻿ / 31.58861; 35.90778[84]; Hirbet Libb[84] [ ⚑ ] 31°36′23″N 35°45′41″E﻿ / ﻿31.60639°N 35.76139°E﻿ / 31.60639; 35.76139[84]; Galul, Tell Jalul[84] [ ⚑ ] 31°43′10″N 35°51′21″E﻿ / ﻿31.71944°N 35.85583°E﻿ / 31.71944; 35.85583[84]; Umm al-Walid[84] [ ⚑ ] 31°38′47″N 35°53′42″E﻿ / ﻿31.64639°N 35.895°E﻿ / 31.64639; 35.895[84] |
יזרעאל  | yzrʿʾl  | Jezreel [of Judah]  | H3157 | Joshua 15:56  | 2?  | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah)  |  |
יזרעאל  | yzrʿʾl  | Jezreel [of Issachar]  | H3157 | Joshua 17:16; 19:18  | 32?  | Issachar (near Manasseh's and Ephraim's territory)  | Tell Jezreel (near Yizre'el, Zir'in)  [ ⚑ ] 32°33′28″N 35°19′41″E﻿ / ﻿32.55778°N 35.32806°E﻿ / 32.55778; 35.32806 |
יוטה  | ywṭh  | Juttah  | H3194 | Joshua 15:55; 21:16  | 2  | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah; a levitical city)  | Yattah[85] [ ⚑ ] 31°26′52″N 35°05′24″E﻿ / ﻿31.44778°N 35.09°E﻿ / 31.44778; 35.09 |
ינוחה  | ynwḥh  | Janohah, Janoah  | H3239 | Joshua 16:6-7  | 2  | Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, between Taanath-Shiloh and Jericho)  | ? Khirbet Yanun; Nebi Nun[86] |
ינים, ינום  | ynym, ynwm  | Janim, Janum  | H3241 | Joshua 15:53  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Hebron)  |  |
יעזר  | yʿzr  | Jazer  | H3270 | Joshua 13:25; 21:39  | 13  | Gad (east of Jordan; a levitical city)  | ? Khirbat Jazzir,[87] Hirbet Gazzir[88]: 140–141 (south of Al-Salt)  [ ⚑ ] 32°00′17″N 35°44′21″E﻿ / ﻿32.00472°N 35.73917°E﻿ / 32.00472; 35.73917?;[89] Khirbet es-Sar[87][88]: 140 (west of Amman)  [ ⚑ ] 31°56′42″N 35°49′47″E﻿ / ﻿31.945°N 35.82972°E﻿ / 31.945; 35.82972;[89][90] Khirbet es-Sireh[87][88]: 140 (west of Amman)  [ ⚑ ] 31°57′25″N 35°48′53″E﻿ / ﻿31.95694°N 35.81472°E﻿ / 31.95694; 35.81472;[89][90] Yahuz/Yajuz/Yaguz[87][88]: 140 [ ⚑ ] 32°01′21″N 35°55′16″E﻿ / ﻿32.0225°N 35.92111°E﻿ / 32.0225; 35.92111;[89] Kom Yahuz/Yajuz[87] [ ⚑ ] 32°01′54″N 35°54′38″E﻿ / ﻿32.03167°N 35.91056°E﻿ / 32.03167; 35.91056;[89] Khirbat al-Yadudeh[87][88]: 140 [ ⚑ ] 31°50′47″N 35°54′46″E﻿ / ﻿31.84639°N 35.91278°E﻿ / 31.84639; 35.91278;[91][92] Beit Zerah, Hirbet Bet Zer'a;[87][88]: 140 Tell el-'Areme[88]: 141 |
יפו  | ypw  | Japho  | H3305 | Joshua 19:46  | 4  | ? (border of Dan's territory ran to the south? of the city)  | Tell of Jaffa[93] [ ⚑ ] 32°03′08″N 34°45′11″E﻿ / ﻿32.05222°N 34.75306°E﻿ / 32.05222; 34.75306 |
יפיע  | ypyʿ  | Japhia  | H3309 | Joshua 19:12  | 1  | Zebulun (Zebulun's southern? border, between Chisloth-Tabor, Daberath and Gittah-Hepher)  | Yafa;[94] el-Mešhed[94] |
יפלטי, היפלטי  | (h)yplṭy  | Japhleti, Ha-Japhleti[16] | H3311 | Joshua 16:3  | 1  | Ephraim (southern border, between Bethel, Ataroth and the lower Beth-Horon)  |  | inhabitants of a city of a similar name or members of a clan
יפתח  | yptḥ  | Jiphtah, Jephthah  | H3316 | Joshua 15:43  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha)  |  |
יפתחאל  | yptḥʾl  | Jipthah-El [a valley]  | H3317 | Joshua 19:14.27  | 2  | Zebulun (border between Asher and Zebulun)  | ? Wadi al-Mālik;[34]: 210 Sahl el-Battōf;[34]: 210 Wadi ʾAbellīn[34]: 210 | a valley, but possibly also a city of the same name
יקדעם  | yqdʿm  | Jokdeam  | H3347 | Joshua 15:56  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah)  |  |
יקנעם  | yqnʿm  | Jokneam  | H3362 | Joshua 12:22; 19:11; 21:34  | 3  | Zebulun (Zebulun's border, north-western? corner; in Carmel; a levitical city)  | Tel Yokneam[95] in the northern part of the modern city of Yokneam Illit  [ ⚑ ] 32°39′51″N 35°06′6.3″E﻿ / ﻿32.66417°N 35.10175°E﻿ / 32.66417; 35.10175 |
יקתאל  | yqtʾl  | Joktheel  | H3371 | Joshua 15:38  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)  |  |
יראון  | yrʾwn  | Iron  | H3375 | Joshua 19:38  | 1  | Naphtali (a fortified city)  | ? Yaroun[35]: 31 [ ⚑ ] 33°04′50″N 35°25′21″E﻿ / ﻿33.08056°N 35.4225°E﻿ / 33.08056; 35.4225 |
ירושלם  | yrwšlm  | Jerusalem | H3389 | Joshua 10:1.3.5.23; 12:10; 15:8.63; 18:28  | 643  | Benjamin (initially; group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem; northern border of Judah; not very far from Ai, Gibeon; one of the cities in the Jerusalem coalition: Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon), Judah (eventually)  | City of David[96]: 166 (in Jerusalem)  [ ⚑ ] 31°46′26″N 35°14′09″E﻿ / ﻿31.77389°N 35.23583°E﻿ / 31.77389; 35.23583 | = Jebusi (H2983)
יריחו  | yryḥw  | Jericho | H3405 | Joshua 2:1-3; 3:16; 4:13.19; 5:10.13; 6:1-2.25-26; 7:2; 8:2; 9:3; 10:1.28.30; 12:9; 16:1.7; 18:12.21; 20:8; 24:11  | 57  | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho; north-eastern border of Benjamin's territory; south-eastern border of Ephraim's territory; not far from the Jordan river)  | Tell es-Sultan[97][98] (in Jericho)  [ ⚑ ] 31°52′16″N 35°26′39″E﻿ / ﻿31.87111°N 35.44417°E﻿ / 31.87111; 35.44417 |
ירמוח  | yrmwt  | Jarmuth [of Judah]  | H3412 | Joshua 10:3.5.23; 12:11; 15:35  | 6  | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah; one of the cities in the Jerusalem coalition: Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon)  | ? Khirbet el-Yarmuk, Tel Yarmuth[99] [ ⚑ ] 31°42′31″N 34°58′30″E﻿ / ﻿31.70861°N 34.975°E﻿ / 31.70861; 34.975[100] |
ירמוח  | yrmwt  | Jarmuth [of Issachar]  | H3412 | Joshua 21:29  | 1  | Issachar (a levitical city)  | Kōkab el-Hawā;[101] Ēn el-Ğirānī[101] |
ירפאל  | yrpʾl  | Irpeel  | H3416 | Joshua 18:27  | 1  | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem)  | A nameless site near Rāfāt[102] |
יתיר  | ytyr  | Jattir  | H3492 | Joshua 15:48; 21:14  | 4  | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen; a levitical city)  | Khirbet Attir[85] [ ⚑ ] 31°21′09″N 35°00′58″E﻿ / ﻿31.3525°N 35.01611°E﻿ / 31.3525; 35.01611 |
יתלה  | ytlh  | Jethlah  | H3494 | Joshua 19:42  | 1  | Dan  |  |
יתנן  | ytnn  | Ithnan  | H3497 | Joshua 15:23  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
כבול  | kbwl  | Cabul  | H3521 | Joshua 19:27  | 1  | Asher  | Kabul[103] |
כבון  | kbwn  | Cabbon  | H3522 | Joshua 15:40  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)  |  |
כנרת  | knrt  | Chinnereth  | H3672 | Joshua (11:2?;) 19:35  | 3?  | Naphtali (a fortified city)  | Tel el-'Oreimeh (Arab.)/Tel Kinrot (hebr.)[104] (northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee)

[ ⚑ ] 32°51′38″N 35°30′26″E﻿ / ﻿32.86056°N 35.50722°E﻿ / 32.86056; 35.50722

|  |
כסיל  | ksyl  | Chesil  | H3686 | Joshua 15:30  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed between Azem, Eltolad and Hormah, Ziklag)  |  | = Bethul (H1329, Simeon's) ?
כסולת, הכסולת  | (h)kswlt  | Chesulloth  | H3694 | Joshua 19:18  | 1  | Issachar  |  |
כסלון  | kslwn  | Chesalon, Kesalon  | H3693 | Joshua 15:10  | 2  | Judah  | Tel Kesalon, just north of Moshav Kesalon[105][106]

[ ⚑ ] 31°46′26″N 35°2′58″E﻿ / ﻿31.77389°N 35.04944°E﻿ / 31.77389; 35.04944

|  |
כסלת תבר  | kslt tbr  | Chisloth-Tabor  | H3696 | Joshua 19:12  | 1  | Zebulun (Zebulun's southern? border, not far from Sarid)  | ? Iksal;[34]: 207 Hirbet et-Tireh[34]: 207 |
כפירה, הכפירה  | (h)kpyrh  | Chephirah, Ha-Chephirah  | H3716 | Joshua 9:17; 18:26  | 4  | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem; a city of Gibeonites alongside Gibeon, Beeroth and Kirjath-jearim)  | Khirbet Kefireh[107] |
כפרהעמנה, כפרהעמני  | kpr(h)ʿmnh, kpr(h)ʿmny  | Chephar Ammoni, Kephar Ha-Ammoni  | H3726 | Joshua 18:24  | 1  | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho)  |  |
כרמל  | krml  | Carmel [of Judah]  | H3760 | Joshua 15:55  | 7  | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah)  | ? Khirbet el-Kirmil[108]: 433 [ ⚑ ] 31°25′21″N 35°07′52″E﻿ / ﻿31.4225°N 35.13111°E﻿ / 31.4225; 35.13111[108]: 433 |
כרמל  | krml  | Carmel [of Asher]  | H3760 | Joshua 19:26  | 1  | Asher  |  | possibly only a mountain and not a city
כתליש  | ktlyš  | Kithlish  | H3798 | Joshua 15:40  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)  |  |
לבאות  | lbʾwt  | Lebaoth  | H3822 | Joshua 15:32  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed after Hormah, Ziklag and before Ain, Rimmon)  |  | = Beth-Lebaoth (H1034, Simeon's) ?
לבנה  | lbnh  | Libnah  | H3841 | Joshua 10:29.31-32.39; 12:15; 15:42; 21:13  | 16 or 15  | Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha; a levitical city; not far from Makkedah and Lachish)  | ? Tell Zeita[109][110]: 45–6 (near Gal On)  [ ⚑ ] 31°37′45″N 34°49′49″E﻿ / ﻿31.62917°N 34.83028°E﻿ / 31.62917; 34.83028; Tell Burnat[110]: 45–6, 55–6 (near Beit Nir)  [ ⚑ ] 31°37′47″N 34°52′24″E﻿ / ﻿31.62972°N 34.87333°E﻿ / 31.62972; 34.87333[111] |
לוזה  | lwzh  | Luz  | H3870 | Joshua 16:2; 18:13  | 7  | Benjamin (southern border of Ephraim's territory and northern border of Benjamin's territory between Beth-Aven and Ataroth-Adar; the former name of Bethel and, possibly, a twin city of Bethel)  | see Bethel (H1008)  | = Bethel (H1008)
לחמס  | lḥms  | Lahmas  | H3903 | Joshua 15:40  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)  |  |
לכיש  | lkyš  | Lachish  | H3923 | Joshua 10:3.5.23.31-35; 12:11; 15:39  | 24  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah; one of the cities in the Jerusalem coalition: Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon; not far from Libnah, Gezer and Eglon)  | ? Tell ed-Duweir[112] (near Lakhish)  [ ⚑ ] 31°33′55″N 34°50′55″E﻿ / ﻿31.56528°N 34.84861°E﻿ / 31.56528; 34.84861; Tell Eitun/ Eiton[112] [ ⚑ ] 31°29′20″N 34°55′42″E﻿ / ﻿31.48889°N 34.92833°E﻿ / 31.48889; 34.92833;[113] formerly identified with Tell el-Hesi (near Shalva)  [ ⚑ ] 31°32′51″N 34°43′49″E﻿ / ﻿31.5475°N 34.73028°E﻿ / 31.5475; 34.73028 |
לקום  | lqwm  | Lakkum  | H3946 | Joshua 19:33  | 1  | Naphtali (not far from the Jordan river)  |  |
לשם  | lšm  | Leshem  | H3959 | Joshua 19:47  | 2  | Dan (within Naphtali's territory?)  | see Dan (H1835)  | = Dan (H1835)
מגדו  | mgdw  | Megiddo | H4023 | Joshua 12:21; 17:11  | 12  | Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher)  | Tell al Mutesellim, just north of kibbutz Megiddo  [ ⚑ ] 32°35′08″N 35°11′04″E﻿ / ﻿32.58556°N 35.18444°E﻿ / 32.58556; 35.18444[11]: 394–5 |
מגדלאל  | mgdlʾl  | Migdal-El  | H4027 | Joshua 19:38  | 1  | Naphtali (a fortified city)  |  |
מגדלגד  | mgdlgd  | Migdal-Gad  | H4028 | Joshua 15:37  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)  | Tell el-Hesi[65] [ ⚑ ] 31°32′52″N 34°43′49″E﻿ / ﻿31.54778°N 34.73028°E﻿ / 31.54778; 34.73028 |
מדון  | mdwn  | Madon  | H4068 | Joshua 11:1; 12:19  | 2  | ? (not very far from Hazor of Naphtali, Shimrom of Zebulun and Achshaph of Asher)  |  |
מדין  | mdyn  | Middin  | H4081 | Joshua 15:61  | 1  | Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi)  |  |
מדמנה  | mdmnh  | Madmannah, Madmen  | H4086 | Joshua 15:31  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed between Hormah, Ziklag and Sansannah, Lebaoth)  |  | = Beth-Marcaboth (H1024, Simeon's) ?
מולדה  | mwldh  | Moladah  | H4137 | Joshua 15:26; 19:2  | 4  | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
מפעת, מיפעת  | mpʿt, mypʿt  | Mephaath  | H4158 | Joshua 13:18; 21:37  | 4  | Reuben (east of Jordan; a levitical city)  | Umm ar-Rasas[23]: 669 [ ⚑ ] 31°30′2.83″N 35°55′12.95″E﻿ / ﻿31.5007861°N 35.9202639°E﻿ / 31.5007861; 35.9202639 |
מחנים  | mḥnym  | Mahanaim | H4266 | Joshua 13:26.30; 21:38  | 13  | Gad (east of Jordan; border between Gad and Manasseh; a levitical city)  | ? Tell/Tullul edh-Dhahab el-Gharbi[88]: 146–8 [114] [ ⚑ ] 32°11′09″N 35°41′12″E﻿ / ﻿32.18583°N 35.68667°E﻿ / 32.18583; 35.68667;[115] Tell Hajjaj[88]: 146–8 [ ⚑ ] 32°08′58″N 35°41′31″E﻿ / ﻿32.14944°N 35.69194°E﻿ / 32.14944; 35.69194[11]: 311 [88]: 139 ; Khirbet Mahneh[88]: 146 [114] [ ⚑ ] 32°21′48″N 35°45′16″E﻿ / ﻿32.36333°N 35.75444°E﻿ / 32.36333; 35.75444?; Tell er-Ruheil, Tall Rehil[88]: 146 [ ⚑ ] 32°11′18″N 35°48′27″E﻿ / ﻿32.18833°N 35.8075°E﻿ / 32.18833; 35.8075;[11]: 453 Khirbet Saleikhat, Maqbarat es Sleikhat[114] [ ⚑ ] 32°19′53″N 35°35′54″E﻿ / ﻿32.33139°N 35.59833°E﻿ / 32.33139; 35.59833;[11]: 386 'Ajlun[114] [ ⚑ ] 32°19′45″N 35°45′15″E﻿ / ﻿32.32917°N 35.75417°E﻿ / 32.32917; 35.75417?  |
מידבא  | mydbʾ  | Medeba  | H4311 | Joshua 13:9.16  | 5  | Reuben (east of Jordan)  | Madaba  [ ⚑ ] 31°43′N 35°48′E﻿ / ﻿31.717°N 35.8°E﻿ / 31.717; 35.8 |
מי הירקון  | my (h)yrqwn  | Me-Jarkon, Me-Ha-Jarkon  | H4313 | Joshua 19:46  | 1  | Dan  | ? Tell Qasīle;[116] Tell Gerise;[116] Nahr el-Baride;[116] | Possibly not a city, but a river known as Nahr el-'Ōğā[116]
מכמתת, המכמתת  | (h)mkmtt  | Michmethah, Ha-Michmethah [of Ephraim]  | H4366 | Joshua 16:6  | 1?  | Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, between the upper Beth-Horon and Taanath-Shiloh)  | ? Khirbet Ibn Naşer;[117] Khirbet Kafr Beta;[117] Jebel el-Tuwanik[117] | = Michmethah [of Manasseh] (H0836) ?
מכמתת, המכמתת  | (h)mkmtt  | Michmethah, Ha-Michmethah [of Manasseh]  | H4366 | Joshua 17:7  | 1?  | Manasseh (not far from Shechem, not far from Ephraim's border)  | see Michmethah [of Ephraim] (H0836)  | = Michmethah [of Ephraim] (H0836) ?
מעון  | mʿwn  | Maon  | H4584 | Joshua 15:55  | 5?  | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah)  | Khirbet Ma'in (Tell Maon)[118] (3 km west of moshav Maon)  [ ⚑ ] 31°24′34″N 35°08′02″E﻿ / ﻿31.40944°N 35.13389°E﻿ / 31.40944; 35.13389 |
מעלה עקרבים  | mʿlh ʿqrbym  | Maaleh-Acrabbim  | H4610 | Joshua 15:3  | 3  | Judah (southern border, a place between Kadesh-Barnea and the Dead Sea)  |  | a mountain?
מערה  | mʿrh  | Mearah  | H4632 | Joshua 13:4  | 1  | Asher ? (beside Sidon)  | ? Muġar Jezzin;[119] Ḫirbet 'Āra[119] |
מערת  | mʿrt  | Maarath  | H4638 | Joshua 15:59  | 1  | Judah (no important cities)  |  |
מצה, המצה  | (h)mṣh  | Mozah, Ha-Mozah  | H4681 | Joshua 18:26  | 1  | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem)  | Tel Mozah within the village area of modern Motza  [ ⚑ ]  31°47′40″N 35°09′50″E﻿ / ﻿31.794452°N 35.163778°E﻿ / 31.794452; 35.163778 |
מצפה, המצפה  | (h)mṣph  | Mizpeh, Ha-Mizpeh [of Judah]  | H4708 | Joshua 15:38  | 1??  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)  |  | = Mizpeh [of Benjamin] (H4708) ?
מצפה, המצפה  | (h)mṣph  | Mizpeh, Ha-Mizpeh [of Benjamin]  | H4708 | Joshua 18:26  | 1??  | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem)  | Tell en-Nasbeh  [ ⚑ ] 31°53′07″N 35°12′59″E﻿ / ﻿31.88528°N 35.21639°E﻿ / 31.88528; 35.21639 | = Mizpeh [of Judah] (H4708) ?
מצפה, המצפה  | (h)mṣph  | Mizpeh, Ha-Mizpeh [of Manasseh?, Naphtali?]  | H4709 | Joshua 11:3.8  | 2??  | Manasseh?, Naphtali? (under Mount Hermon)  |  | Possibly not a city
מקדה  | mqdh  | Makkedah  | H4719 | Joshua 10:10.16-17.21.28-29; 12:16; 15:41  | 9  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah; not far from Libnah)  | ? Khirbet el-Kôm/ Qom[111][120] at al-Kum  [ ⚑ ] 31°31′57″N 34°57′46″E﻿ / ﻿31.5325°N 34.96278°E﻿ / 31.5325; 34.96278;[121] Mughar[111] [ ⚑ ] 31°50′23″N 34°46′58″E﻿ / ﻿31.83972°N 34.78278°E﻿ / 31.83972; 34.78278?;[111] Deir edh/ed-Dhibban[111] [ ⚑ ] 31°40′23″N 34°53′33″E﻿ / ﻿31.67306°N 34.8925°E﻿ / 31.67306; 34.8925?;[111] Tell es-Safi[111] [ ⚑ ] 31°41′59″N 34°50′49″E﻿ / ﻿31.69972°N 34.84694°E﻿ / 31.69972; 34.84694; Khirbet el-Kheishum[111] [ ⚑ ] 31°43′43″N 34°57′13″E﻿ / ﻿31.72861°N 34.95361°E﻿ / 31.72861; 34.95361?;[111] Tell Bornat/ Burnat[111] [ ⚑ ] 31°37′47″N 34°52′24″E﻿ / ﻿31.62972°N 34.87333°E﻿ / 31.62972; 34.87333;[111] Khirbet Beit Maqdum[111] [ ⚑ ] 31°31′40″N 34°58′04″E﻿ / ﻿31.52778°N 34.96778°E﻿ / 31.52778; 34.96778;[111] Qal'at el-Muwaqdah[111] [ ⚑ ] 31°55′29″N 35°00′33″E﻿ / ﻿31.92472°N 35.00917°E﻿ / 31.92472; 35.00917?[111] |
מראשה  | mrʾšh  | Mareshah  | H4762 | Joshua 15:44  | 6  | Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha)  | Tell Sandahanna[122] [ ⚑ ] 31°35′34″N 34°53′54″E﻿ / ﻿31.59278°N 34.89833°E﻿ / 31.59278; 34.89833[123] |
מרעלה  | mrʿlh  | Maralah  | H4831 | Joshua 19:11  | 1  | Zebulun (Zebulun's border, between Sarid and Dabbasheth, Jokneam)  | ? Tell Ġalṭa;[124] Tell Ṯōra;[124] Tell eš-Šemmān;[124] Tell el-Bēḍa[124] |
משאל  | mšʾl  | Misheal, Mishal  | H4861 | Joshua 19:26; 21:30  | 2  | Asher (not far from Carmel; a levitical city)  | ? Tell en-Naḥl;[125] Tell Kēsān[125] |
משרפת מים  | mšrpt mym  | Misrephoth-Maim  | H4956 | Joshua 11:8; 13:6  | 2  | Asher ? (not far from Sidon)  |  |
נבשן  | (h)nbšn  | Nibshan, Ha-Nibshan  | H5044 | Joshua 15:62  | 1  | Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi)  | ? Khirbet el-Maqāri;[126] Ēn el-Ġuwēr;[126] Ēn et-Turābe[126] |
נהלל  | nhll  | Nahallal, Nahalal  | H5096 | Joshua 19:15; 21:35  | 3  | Zebulun (a levitical city)  | ? Tell en-Nahl;[127] Tell el-Beida;[127] Ma'lul[127] |
נעה, הנעה  | (h)nʿh  | Neah, Ha-Neah  | H5269 | Joshua 19:13  | 1  | Zebulun (Zabulun's eastern? border)  | ? Tell el-Wāwiyāt;[128] Tell el-Buṭme;[128] Sahl el-Baṭṭōf[7]: 431 |
נעיאל  | nʿyʾl  | Neiel  | H5272 | Joshua 19:27  | 1  | Asher (between the valley of Jipthah-El and Cabul)  | Khirbet Ya'nīn;[29] formerly identified with Tamra[29] |
נעמה  | nʿmh  | Naamah  | H5279 | Joshua 15:41  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)  | ? Tel beside kibbutz Na'an[129] |
נערתה  | nʿrth  | Naarath  | H5292 | Joshua 16:7  | 1  | Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, not far from Jericho)  | Khirbet Auja el-Foqa[130] |
נציב  | nṣyb  | Nezib  | H5334 | Joshua 15:43  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha)  | Khirbet Bēt Neṣīb eš-Šerqīye[131] |
נקב, הנקב  | (h)nqb  | Nekeb, Ha-Nekeb  | H5346 | Joshua 19:33  | 1  | Naphtali  |  |
סכות  | skwt  | Succoth  | H5523 | Joshua 13:27  | 14 or 13  | Gad (east of Jordan)  | ? Deir Alla[132]: 46 [ ⚑ ] 32°11′48″N 35°37′15″E﻿ / ﻿32.19667°N 35.62083°E﻿ / 32.19667; 35.62083 |
סככה  | skkh  | Secacah  | H5527 | Joshua 15:61  | 1  | Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi)  |  |
סלכה  | slkh  | Salcah  | H5548 | Joshua 12:5; 13:11  | 4  | ? Manasseh? (east of Jordan; former territory of Og, king of Bashan)  | ? Salkhad[28]: 152 [ ⚑ ] 32°29′30″N 36°42′40″E﻿ / ﻿32.49167°N 36.71111°E﻿ / 32.49167; 36.71111 |
סנסנה  | snsnh  | Sansannah  | H5578 | Joshua 15:31  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed between Hormah, Ziklag, Madmannah and Lebaoth)  |  | = Hazar-Susah (H2701, Simeon's) ?
עבדון  | ʿbdwn  | Abdon  | H5658 | Joshua 21:30  | 2  | Asher (a levitical city)  | Khirbet ʿAbdeh[35]: 33 |
עברן  | ʿbrn  | Hebron, Ebron  | H5683 | Joshua 19:28  | 1  | Asher (northern border?)  |  | = Abdon (H5658) ?
עגלון  | ʿglwn  | Eglon  | H5700 | Joshua 10:3.5.23.34.36-37; 12:12; 15:39  | 8  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah; one of the cities in the Jerusalem coalition: Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon; not far from Lachish and Hebron)  | ? Tel Eiton/ Eitun Aaton/ Eton/ Aitun[113] [ ⚑ ] 31°29′20″N 34°55′42″E﻿ / ﻿31.48889°N 34.92833°E﻿ / 31.48889; 34.92833;[113] Tel Hasi, Tell el-Hesi[113] (near Tel Ajlan)  [ ⚑ ] 31°32′01″N 34°43′50″E﻿ / ﻿31.53361°N 34.73056°E﻿ / 31.53361; 34.73056;[113] Tel Beit Mirsim[113] [ ⚑ ] 31°27′20″N 34°54′39″E﻿ / ﻿31.45556°N 34.91083°E﻿ / 31.45556; 34.91083[11]: 251 [113] |
עדיתים  | ʿdytym  | Adithaim  | H5723 | Joshua 15:36  | 1  | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)  |  |
עדלם  | ʿdlm  | Adullam  | H5725 | Joshua 12:15; 15:35  | 8  | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)  | ? Khirbet Sheik Madkur/ Madkhur, Khurbet esh-Sheikh Madkour, ʿAīd el Mâ, `Eîd el Mieh[11]: 484 [133] [ ⚑ ] 31°38′59″N 35°00′09″E﻿ / ﻿31.64972°N 35.0025°E﻿ / 31.64972; 35.0025[11]: 484 |
עדעדה  | ʿdʿdh  | Adadah  | H5735 | Joshua 15:22  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
עדר  | ʿdr  | Eder  | H5740 | Joshua 15:21  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
עוים  | ʿwym  | Avites[16] | H5757 | Joshua 13:3  | 3  | Judah ? (Philistia)  |  | Inhabitants of Ivvah/Avva (H5755) or Avim (H5761)
עוים  | (h)ʿwym  | Avim, Ha-Avim  | H5761 | Joshua 18:23  | 1  | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho)  |  |
עזה  | ʿzh  | Gaza, Azzah  | H5804 | Joshua 10:41; 11:22; 15:47  | 21 [23][18] | Judah (by the sea; important cities: Ekron, Ashdod, Gaza)  | ? Tell Harube, Tell 'Azza/Gaza[11]: 300–301 [134] (in Gaza City)  [ ⚑ ] 31°30′21″N 34°27′39″E﻿ / ﻿31.50583°N 34.46083°E﻿ / 31.50583; 34.46083; formerly identified with Tall al-Ajjul [ ⚑ ] 31°28′04″N 34°24′16″E﻿ / ﻿31.46778°N 34.40444°E﻿ / 31.46778; 34.40444 |
עזקה  | ʿzqh  | Azekah  | H5825 | Joshua 10:10-11; 15:35  | 7  | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)  | Tell Zakariya/ Zakariyeh[135]: 74–5 [ ⚑ ] 31°42′02″N 34°56′10″E﻿ / ﻿31.70056°N 34.93611°E﻿ / 31.70056; 34.93611[135]: 75 |
עזתי  | ʿzty  | Gazathite[16] | H5841 | Joshua 13:3  | 2  | Judah  | see Gaza (H5804)  | An inhabitant of Gaza (H5804)
עטרות  | ʿṭrwt  | Ataroth [of Ephraim 2]  | H5852 | Joshua 16:7  | 1  | Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, between Taanath-Shiloh, Janohah and Jericho)  |  | = Ataroth [of Ephraim 1] (H5852) ?, = Ataroth-Addar (H5853) ?
עטרות  | ʿṭrwt  | Ataroth [of Ephraim 1]  | H5852 | Joshua 16:2  | 1  | Ephraim (southern border, between Bethel and the lower Beth-Horon)  | ? 'Atara  [ ⚑ ] 32°00′09″N 35°12′23″E﻿ / ﻿32.0025°N 35.20639°E﻿ / 32.0025; 35.20639 | = Ataroth [of Ephraim 2] (H5852) ?, = Ataroth-Addar (H5853) ?
עטרות אדר  | ʿṭrwt ʾdr  | Ataroth-Addar  | H5853 | Joshua 16:5; 18:13  | 2  | Ephraim?, Benjamin? (Ephraim's eastern border, not far from the upper Beth-Horon; northern border of Benjamin's territory between Luz-Bethel and the lower Beth-Choron)  |  |
עי, העי  | (h)ʿy  | Ai, Ha-Ai | H5857 | Joshua 7:2-5; 8:1-3.9-12.14.17-18.20-21.23-26.28-29; 9:3; 10:1-2; 12:9  | 38 or 36  | Benjamin? (beside Bethel; a small town near Beth-Aven, to the east of Bethel)  | ? Et-Tell (near Deir Dibwan)  [ ⚑ ] 31°55′00″N 35°15′41″E﻿ / ﻿31.9166667°N 35.26139°E﻿ / 31.9166667; 35.26139; Khirbet el-Maqatir[11]: 384 [24]: 230 (between Deir Dibwan and Beitin)  [ ⚑ ] 31°54′55″N 35°14′59″E﻿ / ﻿31.91528°N 35.24972°E﻿ / 31.91528; 35.24972; Khirbet Haiyan[136] [ ⚑ ] 31°54′18″N 35°16′17″E﻿ / ﻿31.905°N 35.27139°E﻿ / 31.905; 35.27139; Khirbet Nisya/Nisieh[26][27] (near Psagot)  [ ⚑ ] 31°53′48″N 35°13′45″E﻿ / ﻿31.89667°N 35.22917°E﻿ / 31.89667; 35.22917[26]: 23 |
עיים  | ʿyym  | Iim  | H5864 | Joshua 15:29  | 2 or 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
עין  | ʿyn  | Ain  | H5871 | Joshua 15:32; 19:7; 21:16  | 4  | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; a levitical city)  |  |
עין גדי  | ʿyn gdy  | En-Gedi  | H5872 | Joshua 15:62  | 6  | Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi)  | ? Tell el-Jurn, Tel Goren[137] [ ⚑ ] 31°27′54″N 35°23′21″E﻿ / ﻿31.465°N 35.38917°E﻿ / 31.465; 35.38917[138] |
עין גנים  | ʿyn gnym  | En-Gannim [of Judah]  | H5873 | Joshua 15:34  | 1  | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)  |  |
עין גנים  | ʿyn gnym  | En-Gannim [of Issachar]  | H5873 | Joshua 19:21; 21:29  | 2  | Issachar (a levitical city)  |  |
עין דר  | ʿyndr  | Endor  | H5874 | Joshua 17:11  | 3  | Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher)  | ? Tell 'el-'gul;[139]: 19 Hirbet Safsafe[139]: 19 |
עין חדה  | ʿyn ḥdh  | En-Haddah  | H5876 | Joshua 19:21  | 1  | Issachar  |  |
עין חצור  | ʿyn ḥṣwr  | En-Hazor  | H5877 | Joshua 19:37  | 1  | Naphtali (a fortified city)  |  |
עינם, העינם  | (h)ʿynm  | Enam, Ha-Enam, Enaim  | H5879 | Joshua 15:34  | 2  | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)  |  |
עין תפוח  | ʿyn tpwḥ  | En-Tappuah  | H5887 | Joshua 17:7  | 1  | Ephraim ?, Manasseh ? (border between Ephraim and Manasseh)  |  | = Tappuah [Ephraim's city in Manasseh's territory] (8599) ?
עירהמלח  | ʿyr(h)mlḥ  | Ir Melach, Ir Ha-Melach (City of Salt)  | H5898 | Joshua 15:62  | 1  | Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi)  |  |
עיר שמש  | ʿyr šmš  | Ir-Shemesh  | H5905 | Joshua 19:41  | 1  | Dan  |  |
עלמון  | ʿlmwn  | Almon  | H5960 | Joshua 21:18  | 1  | Benjamin (a levitical city)  | Khirbet Almit[85] [ ⚑ ] 31°49′25.5″N 35°16′28″E﻿ / ﻿31.82375°N 35.27444°E﻿ / 31.82375; 35.27444 |
עמה  | ʿmh  | Ummah  | H5981 | Joshua 19:30  | 1  | Asher (south-eastern coastal territory of Asher)  |  |
עמעד  | ʿmʿd  | Amad  | H6008 | Joshua 19:26  | 1  | Asher  |  |
ענב  | ʿnb  | Anab  | H6024 | Joshua 11:21; 15:50  | 2  | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen)  |  |
ענים  | ʿnym  | Anim  | H6044 | Joshua 15:50  | 1  | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen)  |  |
ענתות  | ʿntwt  | Anathoth  | H6068 | Joshua 21:18  | 13  | Benjamin (a levitical city)  | ? 'Anata[140] [ ⚑ ] 31°48′33″N 35°15′29″E﻿ / ﻿31.80917°N 35.25806°E﻿ / 31.80917; 35.25806?; Ras el-Kharrubeh[141] [ ⚑ ] 31°48′06″N 35°15′12″E﻿ / ﻿31.80167°N 35.25333°E﻿ / 31.80167; 35.25333??;[141] Khirbet Deir es-Sidd[142] [ ⚑ ] 31°48′36″N 35°16′30″E﻿ / ﻿31.81°N 35.275°E﻿ / 31.81; 35.275[142] |
עפני  | (h)ʿpny  | Ophni, Ha-Ophni  | H6078 | Joshua 18:24  | 1  | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho)  |  |
עפרה  | ʿprh  | Ophrah  | H6084 | Joshua 18:23  | 7 or 1  | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho)  | ? Taybeh, et-Taiyibeh/ Taiyiba/ Taiyibe/ Tayyibeh[108]: 121 [143] [ ⚑ ] 31°57′09″N 35°18′10″E﻿ / ﻿31.9525°N 35.30278°E﻿ / 31.9525; 35.30278;[144] Beitin[26]: 21–2 [ ⚑ ] 31°55′37″N 35°14′19″E﻿ / ﻿31.92694°N 35.23861°E﻿ / 31.92694; 35.23861 |
עצם  | ʿṣm  | Azem  | H6107 | Joshua 15:29; 19:3  | 3  | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
עצמונה  | ʿṣmwnh  | Azmon  | H6111 | Joshua 15:4  | 3  | Judah (southern border; to the west of the river of Egypt, not far from the Mediterranean Sea)  |  |
עקרון  | ʿqrwn  | Ekron  | H6138 | Joshua 13:3; 15:11.45.46; 19:43  | 22 [24][18] | Judah (by the sea; important cities: Ekron, Ashdod, Gaza; northern border of Philistia?; near Judah's northern border); Dan (border city between Dan and Judah?)  | ? Khirbet el-Muqanna (near Yad Binyamin)  [ ⚑ ] 31°46′44″N 34°51′00″E﻿ / ﻿31.77889°N 34.85°E﻿ / 31.77889; 34.85; formerly identified with Aqir  [ ⚑ ] 31°51′40″N 34°49′23″E﻿ / ﻿31.86111°N 34.82306°E﻿ / 31.86111; 34.82306, Zikrin  [ ⚑ ] 31°39′48″N 34°51′38″E﻿ / ﻿31.66333°N 34.86056°E﻿ / 31.66333; 34.86056, Qatra  [ ⚑ ] 31°49′19″N 34°46′39″E﻿ / ﻿31.82194°N 34.7775°E﻿ / 31.82194; 34.7775 |
עקרוני  | ʿqrwny  | Ekronite[16] | H6139 | Joshua 13:3  | 2  | Judah (one of the main Philistine cities)  | see Ekron (H6138)  | An inhabitant of Ekron (H6138)
הערבה  | (h)ʿrbh  | Arabah, Ha-Arabah  | H6160 | Joshua 18:18  | 2?  | Benjamin? (southern border of Benjamin, close to Beth-Hoglah and the Jordan river)  |  | = Beth-Arabah [of Benjamin] (H1026) ?
ערד  | ʿrd  | Arad  | H6166 | Joshua 12:14  | 4  | Judah?  | Tel Arad  [ ⚑ ] 31°16′52″N 35°7′34″E﻿ / ﻿31.28111°N 35.12611°E﻿ / 31.28111; 35.12611 |
ערוער  | ʿrwʿr  | Aroer [of Reuben]  | H6177 | Joshua 12:2; 13:9.16  | 15 or 14  | Reuben (east of Jordan, on the bank of the river Arnon, in the middle of the river)  | ? Khirbet 'Ara'ir[145][146] at 'Ara'ir  [ ⚑ ] 31°28′16″N 35°49′10″E﻿ / ﻿31.47111°N 35.81944°E﻿ / 31.47111; 35.81944 |
ערוער  | ʿrwʿr  | Aroer [of Gad]  | H6177 | Joshua 13:25  | 2 or 1  | Gad (east of Jordan, not far from Rabbah of Amon)  | Tell el-‘Umeiri[23]: 680–681 |
עשן  | ʿšn  | Ashan  | H6228 | Joshua 15:42; 19:7  | 4  | Simeon within Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha)  |  |
עשתרות  | ʿštrwt  | Ashtaroth | H6252 | Joshua 9:10; 12:4; 13:12.31  | 12  | Manasseh (east of Jordan; in Bashan)  | chapter= Ashtaroth in the Amarna Period  | chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=fKTRZrWTHh4C&pg=PA379 | editor1-first= Shlomo  | editor3-first= Ran  | title= Past Links: Studies in the Languages and Cultures of the Ancient Near East  | url-access= limited  | series= Israel Oriental Studies  | volume= 18  | publisher= Eisenbrauns  | date= 1998  | isbn= 9781575060354}}</ref> [ ⚑ ] 32°50′11″N 36°02′10″E﻿ / ﻿32.83639°N 36.03611°E﻿ / 32.83639; 36.03611[10]: 336 |
עתה קצין  | ʿth qṣyn  | Ittah-Kazin  | H6278 | Joshua 19:13  | 1  | Zebulun (Zebulun's eastern? border)  | ? Ḫirbet Bēyīn;[7]: 430 Ḫirbet Felīh[7]: 430 |
עתר  | ʿtr  | Ether  | H6281 | Joshua 15:42; 19:7  | 2  | Simeon within Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha)  | Khirbat el-‘Atar[147] |
פרה  | (h)prh  | Parah, Ha-Pharah  | H6511 | Joshua 18:23  | 1  | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho)  |  |
צדים, הצדים  | (h)ṣdym  | Ziddim, Ha-Ziddim  | H6661 | Joshua 19:35  | 1  | Naphtali (a fortified city)  |  |
צידון, צידון רבה  | ṣydwn (rbh)  | Sidon (the great)  | H6721 (+ H7227)  | Joshua 11:8; 19:28  | 21 [37][18] | Asher (north-western border)  | Saint Louis Castle area[11]: 500 at Sidon [ ⚑ ] 33°33′38″N 35°22′14″E﻿ / ﻿33.56056°N 35.37056°E﻿ / 33.56056; 35.37056 |
צידנים  | ṣydnym  | Sidonians[16] | H6722 | Joshua 13:4.6  | 16  | Asher  | see Sidon (H6721)  | Inhabitants of Sidon (H6721)
ציער  | ṣyʿr  | Zior  | H6730 | Joshua 15:54  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Hebron)  |  |
צלע  | ṣlʿ  | Zelah  | H6762 | Joshua 18:28  | 2  | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem)  |  |
צמרים  | ṣmrym  | Zemaraim  | H6787 | Joshua 18:22  | 1  | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho)  | ? Ras et-Tahuneh;[25] er-Rammun[25] |
צנן  | ṣnn  | Zenan  | H6799 | Joshua 15:37  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)  | Khirbet Summeily[65]: 30 |
צעננים  | ṣʿnnym  | Zaanannim  | H6815 | Joshua 19:33  | 2  | Naphtali  | Ḫirbet ‘Arbīṯa[38]: 256–258 |
צפון  | ṣpwn  | Zaphon  | H6829 | Joshua 13:27  | 1  | Gad (east of Jordan)  | ? Tell el-Qōs[38]: 497–500 |
צקלג  | ṣqlg  | Ziklag  | H6860 | Joshua 15:31; 19:5  | 15  | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  | ? Tell esh-Shari'ah, Tell Sera'[148][149] [ ⚑ ] 31°23′26″N 34°40′40″E﻿ / ﻿31.39056°N 34.67778°E﻿ / 31.39056; 34.67778;[11]: 474 Tell el-Hesi[148][149] [ ⚑ ] 31°32′51″N 34°43′49″E﻿ / ﻿31.5475°N 34.73028°E﻿ / 31.5475; 34.73028; Tell el-Khuweilifeh, Tel Halif[148][149] [ ⚑ ] 31°22′59″N 34°51′58″E﻿ / ﻿31.38306°N 34.86611°E﻿ / 31.38306; 34.86611; Tell 'Areini[149] (near Kiryat Gat)  [ ⚑ ] 31°36′42″N 34°47′07″E﻿ / ﻿31.61167°N 34.78528°E﻿ / 31.61167; 34.78528; Tell en-Nejileh, Tel Nagila[149] (between Ahuzam and Beit Kama)  [ ⚑ ] 31°30′08″N 34°45′28″E﻿ / ﻿31.50222°N 34.75778°E﻿ / 31.50222; 34.75778; Khirbet Meshash, Tel Masos[148] [ ⚑ ] 31°12′47″N 34°58′00″E﻿ / ﻿31.21306°N 34.9666667°E﻿ / 31.21306; 34.9666667; Tell es-Seba[148] (near Beersheba)  [ ⚑ ] 31°14′41″N 34°50′27″E﻿ / ﻿31.24472°N 34.84083°E﻿ / 31.24472; 34.84083; Khirbet Zuheilikah/Zuheiliqah[149] [ ⚑ ] 31°25′51″N 34°37′59″E﻿ / ﻿31.43083°N 34.63306°E﻿ / 31.43083; 34.63306?[150] |
צר  | ṣr  | Zer, Tyre [of Naphtali]  | H6863 | Joshua 19:35  | 1  | Naphtali (a fortified city)  |  |
צר  | ṣr  | Tyre [of Asher]  | H6865 | Joshua 19:29  | 42  | Asher (eastern border)  | Tyre [ ⚑ ] 33°16′15″N 35°11′40″E﻿ / ﻿33.27083°N 35.19444°E﻿ / 33.27083; 35.19444 |
צרעה  | ṣrʿh  | Zoreah, Zorah  | H6881 | Joshua 15:33; 19:41  | 10  | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah); Dan (border city between Dan and Judah?)  | ? Tel Tzora/ Tzar'a/ Tsar'a, (Tell) Sar'a[151] [ ⚑ ] 31°46′31″N 34°59′08″E﻿ / ﻿31.77528°N 34.98556°E﻿ / 31.77528; 34.98556 |
צרת השחר  | ṣrt (h)šḥr  | Zareth-Shahar, Zareth-Ha-Shahar  | H6890 | Joshua 13:19  | 1  | Reuben (east of Jordan)  | Boz al-Mushelle[23]: 671–672 |
צרתן  | ṣrtn  | Zaretan  | H6891 | Joshua 3:16  | 3  | ? (Located by the Jordan river, near Adam, far from Jericho)  | ? el-Makhruq[3]: 100 |
קבצאל  | qbṣʾl  | Kabzeel  | H6909 | Joshua 15:21  | 3  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
קבצים  | qbṣym  | Kibzaim  | H6911 | Joshua 21:22  | 1  | Ephraim (a levitical city)  |  |
קדמת  | qdmt  | Kedemoth  | H6932 | Joshua 13:18; 21:37  | 4  | Reuben (east of Jordan; a levitical city)  | es-Saliyeh[23]: 669 |
קדש  | qdš  | Kedesh [of Judah]  | H6943 | Joshua 15:23  | 1?  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  | = Kedesh Barnea (H6947) ?
קדש  | qdš  | Kedesh [of Naphtali]  | H6943 | Joshua 12:22; 19:37; 20:7; 21:32  | 11?  | Naphtali (a fortified city; in Galilee; a city of refuge; a levitical city)  | ? Tell Qadas/ Qades[8]: 295 (near Ramot Naftali)  [ ⚑ ] 33°06′36″N 35°31′51″E﻿ / ﻿33.11°N 35.53083°E﻿ / 33.11; 35.53083;[10]: 348 Khirbet el-Kidish/ Qedish/ Qadish[8]: 295 (near Poria Illit)  [ ⚑ ] 32°44′03″N 35°33′17″E﻿ / ﻿32.73417°N 35.55472°E﻿ / 32.73417; 35.55472;[10]: 341 some passages might refer to Tell Abu Qudeis[8]: 295 [ ⚑ ] 32°33′34″N 35°12′59″E﻿ / ﻿32.55944°N 35.21639°E﻿ / 32.55944; 35.21639[10]: 350 |
קדש ברנע  | qdš brnʿ  | Kadesh Barnea  | H6947 | Joshua 10:41; 14:6.7; 15:3  | 10  | Judah (southern border)  | ? Tell el-Qudeirat[152] [ ⚑ ] 30°38′53″N 34°25′21″E﻿ / ﻿30.64806°N 34.4225°E﻿ / 30.64806; 34.4225;[152] 'Ain el-Qudeirat[153] [ ⚑ ] 30°38′33″N 34°24′49″E﻿ / ﻿30.6425°N 34.41361°E﻿ / 30.6425; 34.41361;[154] 'Ain Qadeis/Kadeis[153] [ ⚑ ] 30°35′03″N 34°29′09″E﻿ / ﻿30.58417°N 34.48583°E﻿ / 30.58417; 34.48583;[155] 'Ain al-Qusaima/Quseima[153] [ ⚑ ] 30°40′00″N 34°22′00″E﻿ / ﻿30.6666667°N 34.3666667°E﻿ / 30.6666667; 34.3666667;[156] El Muweilah[153] [ ⚑ ] 30°41′09″N 34°19′12″E﻿ / ﻿30.68583°N 34.32°E﻿ / 30.68583; 34.32;[157] formerly identified with Petra[158] | = Kedesh [of Judah] (H6943) ?
קטח  | qṭḥ  | Kattath  | H7005 | Joshua 19:15  | 1  | Zebulun  |  |
קין  | (h)qyn  | Cain, Ha-Cain  | H7014 | Joshua 15:57  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah)  | Ḫirbet Yūqīn[159] |
קינה  | qynh  | Kinah  | H7016 | Joshua 15:22  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  |
קנה  | qnh  | Kanah  | H7071 | Joshua 19:28  | 1  | Asher (northern border?)  | Qana[35]: 33 [ ⚑ ] 33°12′33″N 35°17′57″E﻿ / ﻿33.20917°N 35.29917°E﻿ / 33.20917; 35.29917 |
קעילה  | qʿylh  | Keilah  | H7084 | Joshua 15:44  | 17  | Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha)  | Khirbet Qila (at Qila)  [ ⚑ ] 31°36′50″N 35°00′10″E﻿ / ﻿31.61389°N 35.00278°E﻿ / 31.61389; 35.00278[11]: 359 |
קציץ, עמק קציץ  | qṣyṣ, ʿmq qṣyṣ  | Keziz, Emek-Keziz  | H7104, H6010+H7104 | Joshua 18:21  | 1  | Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho)  | ? Khirbet el-Marjameh[25] [ ⚑ ] 31°59′29″N 35°19′57″E﻿ / ﻿31.99139°N 35.3325°E﻿ / 31.99139; 35.3325 |
קריות  | qrywt (qrywt ḥṣrwn ?)  | Kerioth (Kerioth-Hezron?)  | H7152 | Joshua 15:25  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  |  | = Hezron (H2696) ?
קריתארבע  | qrytʾrbʿ  | Kirjath-Arba | H7153 | Joshua 14:15; 15:13.54; 20:7; 21:11  | 9  | Judah (important cities: Hebron; a city of refuge; a levitical city for Kohathites)  | see Hebron (H2275)  | = Hebron (H2275)
קריתבעל  | qrytbʿl  | Kiriath-Baal  | H7154 | Joshua 15:60; 18:14  | 2  | Judah (important cities: Kiriath-Jearim; border between Judah and Benjamin - south-western corner of Benjamin's territory)  | see Kiriath-Jearim (H7157)  | = Kiriath-Jearim (H7157)
קריתים  | qrytym  | Kirjathaim  | H7156 | Joshua 13:19  | 6  | Reuben (east of Jordan)  | ? Khirbat al-Qureijat[28]: 122 [ ⚑ ] 31°31′54″N 35°52′49″E﻿ / ﻿31.53167°N 35.88028°E﻿ / 31.53167; 35.88028?;[28]: 122 Khirbat al-Qureiyeh[28]: 122–3 [ ⚑ ] 31°42′55″N 35°40′30″E﻿ / ﻿31.71528°N 35.675°E﻿ / 31.71528; 35.675?;[160] Qaryat al-Mekhaiyet, Khirbat

Mukhayyat[28]: 122–3 [ ⚑ ] 31°44′56″N 35°44′37″E﻿ / ﻿31.74889°N 35.74361°E﻿ / 31.74889; 35.74361;[161] Qrajet el-Waran[23]: 670–1

קרית  | qryt  | Kirjath  | H7157 | Joshua 18:28  | 1  | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem)  |  | = Kiriath-Jearim (H7157, Judah's) ?
קריתיערים  | qrytyʿrym  | Kiriath-Jearim  | H7157 | Joshua 9:17; 15:9.60; 18:14-15; [18:28?]  | 19  | Judah, Benjamin? (important cities: Kiriath-Jearim; border between Judah and Benjamin - south-western corner of Benjamin's territory; a city of Gibeonites alongside Gibeon, Chephirah and Beeroth)  | ? Deir el Azar  [ ⚑ ] 31°48′39″N 35°05′59″E﻿ / ﻿31.81083°N 35.09972°E﻿ / 31.81083; 35.09972[11]: 440 | = Kiriath-Baal (H7154), = Baalah [of Judah 1] (H1173), = Kirjath (H7157) ?
קריתספר  | qrytspr  | Kirjath-Sepher  | H7158 | Joshua 15:15-16  | 4  | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen)  | see Debir [of Judah 1] (H1688)  | = Debir [of Judah 1] (H1688)
קריתסנה  | qrytsnh  | Kirjath-Sannah  | H7158 | Joshua 15:49  | 1  | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen)  | see Debir [of Judah 1] (H1688)  | = Debir [of Judah 1] (H1688)
קרקעה, הקרקעה  | (h)qrqʿh  | Karkaa, Ha-Karkaa  | H7173 | Joshua 15:3  | 1  | Judah (southern border; to the east of Adar, Hezron and Kadesh-Barnea)  |  |
קרתה  | qrth  | Kartah  | H7177 | Joshua 21:34  | 1  | Zebulun (a levitical city)  |  |
קרתן  | qrtn  | Kartan  | H7178 | Joshua 21:32  | 1  | Naphtali (a levitical city)  |  |
קשיון  | qšywn  | Kishion  | H7191 | Joshua 19:20; 21:28  | 2  | Issachar (a levitical city)  |  |
ראמת  | rʾmt  | Ramoth  | H7216 | Joshua 20:8; [21:38]  | 4  | Gad (in Gilead; a city of refuge; a levitical city)  | see Ramoth Gilead (H7433)  | = Ramoth (H7433)
רבה  | (h)rbh  | Rabbah, Ha-Rabbah [of Judah]  | H7237 | Joshua 15:60  | 1  | Judah (important cities: Kiriath-Jearim)  |  |
רבה  | rbh  | Rabbah, Rabbah [of Ammonites]  | H7237 | Joshua 13:25  | 14  | Ammonites  | Jabal al-Qal'a[87] (in Amman)  [ ⚑ ] 31°57′17″N 35°56′03″E﻿ / ﻿31.95472°N 35.93417°E﻿ / 31.95472; 35.93417 |
רבית, הרבית  | (h)rbyt  | Rabbith, Ha-Rabbith  | H7245 | Joshua 19:20  | 1  | Issachar  |  |
רחב  | rḥb  | Rehob [of Asher 1]  | H7340 | Joshua 19:28; (21:31?)  | 6 or 1  | Asher (northern border?; a levitical city?)  | ? Tell al-Balat[162]: 71 [ ⚑ ] 33°06′53″N 35°17′26″E﻿ / ﻿33.11472°N 35.29056°E﻿ / 33.11472; 35.29056[163]; Khirbat al-ʿAmri[164] [ ⚑ ] 33°03′59″N 35°08′18″E﻿ / ﻿33.06639°N 35.13833°E﻿ / 33.06639; 35.13833?;[165] Tel Rosh[35] [ ⚑ ] 32°02′28.6″N 35°19′57.9″E﻿ / ﻿32.041278°N 35.33275°E﻿ / 32.041278; 35.33275; formerly identified with Hunin[166] |
רחב  | rḥb  | Rehob [of Asher 2]  | H7340 | Joshua 19:30; (21:31?)  | 1?  | Asher (south-eastern coastal territory of Asher; a levitical city?)

coordinates:1661/2562

* Mazar, A. (2001). Studies in the Archaeology of the Iron Age in Israel and Jordan. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 99. ISBN 9780567194176. https://books.google.com/books?id=GEqvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99. Retrieved 2018-11-01.

p. 99 \-->

ראמת  | rʾmt  | Ramath, Ramath-Negev  | H7414 | Joshua 19:8  | 1?  | Simeon (within Judah?, in the Negev?)  |  |
רמה, הרמה  | (h)rmh  | Ramah, Ha-Ramah [of Benjamin]  | H7414 | Joshua 18:25  | 33?  | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem)  | ? Al-Ram  [ ⚑ ] 31°51′13″N 35°14′00″E﻿ / ﻿31.85361°N 35.2333333°E﻿ / 31.85361; 35.2333333 |
רמה, הרמה  | (h)rmh  | Ramah, Ha-Ramah [of Asher]  | H7414 | Joshua 19:29  | 1?  | Asher (eastern border between Sidon and Tyre)  | Rāmiye[38]: 244–245 |
רמה, הרמה  | (h)rmh  | Ramah, Ha-Ramah [of Naphtali]  | H7414 | Joshua 19:36  | 1?  | Naphtali (a fortified city)  | ? Ḫirbet Zētūn er-Rāme (in ar-Rame)[38]: 245 [ ⚑ ] 32°56′21″N 35°22′02″E﻿ / ﻿32.93917°N 35.36722°E﻿ / 32.93917; 35.36722 |
רמון  | rmwn  | Rimmon, Remmon | H7417 | Joshua 15:32; 19:7  | 8 or 4  | Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)  | ? Khirbet Umm er-Ramamin[167] (Khirbet Raymond?)  [ ⚑ ] 31°22′19″N 34°51′55″E﻿ / ﻿31.37194°N 34.86528°E﻿ / 31.37194; 34.86528;[168] Ain-Urtās/Artās?[169] |
רמון המתאר  | rmwn (h)mtʾr  | Rimmon-Methoar, Remmon-Ha-Methoar  | H7417 | Joshua 19:13  | 3  | Zebulun (Zabulun's eastern? border)  | Ḫirbet er-Rūma;[7]: 430 Rummāne[7]: 430 |
רמת  | rmt  | Remeth  | H7432 | Joshua 19:21  | 1  | Issachar  |  |
רמת, רמת גלעד  | rmt, rmt glʿd  | Ramoth, Ramoth Gilead  | H7433 | Joshua [20:8;] 21:38  | 21  | Gad (in Gilead; a city of refuge; a levitical city)  | ? Khirbat al Rumaythah, Tell er-Rumeit[170] (near Ar Ramtha)  [ ⚑ ] 32°29′59″N 36°00′53″E﻿ / ﻿32.49972°N 36.01472°E﻿ / 32.49972; 36.01472 | = Ramoth (H7216)
רמת המצפה  | rmt (h)mṣph  | Ramath-Mizpeh, Ramath-Ha-Mizpeh  | H7434 | Joshua 13:26  | 1  | Gad (east of Jordan)  | ? Sūf;[38]: 481–484 Tell el-Maṣfā[38]: 481–484 |
הרקון  | (h)rqwn  | Rakkon, Ha-Rakkon  | H7542 | Joshua 19:46  | 1  | Dan  |  |
רקם  | rqm  | Rekem  | H7552 | Joshua 18:27  | 1  | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem)  |  |
רקת  | rqt  | Rakkath  | H7557 | Joshua 19:35  | 1  | Naphtali (a fortified city)  |  |
שבמה  | šbmh  | Sibmah  | H7643 | Joshua 13:19  | 6  | Reuben (east of Jordan)  | ? Umm el-Qanafid[23]: 671 [ ⚑ ] 31°50′N 35°50′E﻿ / ﻿31.833°N 35.833°E﻿ / 31.833; 35.833 |
שבע  | šbʿ  | Sheba  | H7652 | Joshua 19:2  | 1  | Simeon within Judah (listed alongside Moladah)  |  | = Shema (H8090) ?
שברים, השברים  | (h)šbrym  | Shebarim, Ha-Shebarim  | H7671 | Joshua 7:5  | 1  | Benjamin?, Judah? (not very far from Ai, probably to the east of Ai)  |  |
שוכה  | šwkh  | Socoh [of Judah 1]  | H7755 | Joshua 15:35  | 6  | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)  |
שוכה  | šwkh  | Socoh [of Judah 2]  | H7755 | Joshua 15:48  | 1  | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen)  | ? Khirbet Shuweikeh[171] [ ⚑ ] 31°24′13″N 35°00′18″E﻿ / ﻿31.40361°N 35.005°E﻿ / 31.40361; 35.005[172] |
שונם  | šwnm  | Shunem  | H7766 | Joshua 19:18  | 3  | Issachar  | Sulam[173] |
שחצומה, שחצימה  | šḥṣwmh, šḥṣymh  | Shahazimah  | H7831 | Joshua 19:22  | 1  | Issachar  |  |
שטים, השטים  | (h)šṭym  | Shittim  | H7851 | Joshua 2:1; 3:1  | 5  | ? (a place on the east side of the Jordan river, not far from Jericho)  | Tell el-Hammam[28]: 89–90 [ ⚑ ] 31°50′25″N 35°40′25″E﻿ / ﻿31.8402°N 35.6737°E﻿ / 31.8402; 35.6737 |
שיאן  | šyʾn  | Shihon  | H7866 | Joshua 19:19  | 1  | Issachar  |  |
שיחור  | šyḥwr  | Sihor  | H7883 | Joshua 13:3  | 2  | ? (southern Canaan, "before the face of Egypt")  | ?[174] Nahal Besor[175] [ ⚑ ] 31°27′50″N 34°22′33″E﻿ / ﻿31.46389°N 34.37583°E﻿ / 31.46389; 34.37583; a lake east of Qantara East and south-west of Pelusium[176]: 76 |
שיחור לבנח  | šyḥwr lbnḥ  | Shihor-libnath  | H7884 | Joshua 19:26  | 1  | Asher (not far from Carmel)  |  |
שלה  | šlh  | Shiloh  | H7887 | Joshua 18:1.8-10; 19:51; 21:2; 22:9.12  | 32  | ? Ephraim?  | Khirbet Seilun (near Shilo)  [ ⚑ ] 32°03′21″N 35°17′23″E﻿ / ﻿32.05583°N 35.28972°E﻿ / 32.05583; 35.28972 |
שכם  | škm  | Shechem  | H7927 | Joshua 17:7; 20:7; 21:21; 24:1.25.32  | 49 or 48  | Ephraim (not far from Michmethah, not far from the border between Ephraim and Manasseh?; a city of refuge; a levitical city; an Israelite meeting place at the end of Joshua's life)  | Tell Balata (in Balata)  [ ⚑ ] 32°12′49″N 35°16′56″E﻿ / ﻿32.21361°N 35.28222°E﻿ / 32.21361; 35.28222 |
שכרונה  | škrwnh  | Shicron  | H7942 | Joshua 15:11  | 1  | Judah (northern border, west or north-west of Ekron, not far from mount Baalah)  |  |
שלחים  | šlḥym  | Shilhim  | H7978 | Joshua 15:32  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed between Lebaoth and Ain, Rimmon)  |  | = Sharuhen (H8287, Simeon's) ?
שמיר  | šmyr  | Shamir  | H8069 | Joshua 15:48  | 3  | Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen)  |  |
שמע  | šmʿ  | Shema  | H8090 | Joshua 15:26  | 1  | Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed alongside Moladah)  |  | = Sheba (H7652, Simeon's) ?
שמרון  | šmrwn  | Shimrom  | H8110 | Joshua 11:1; 19:15  | 2  | Zebulun (not very far from Hazor, Madon and Achshaph)  | Tel Shimron  [ ⚑ ] 32°42′13″N 35°12′50″E﻿ / ﻿32.70361°N 35.21389°E﻿ / 32.70361; 35.21389 | = Shimron-Meron (H8112) ?
שמרון מראון  | šmrwn mrʾwn  | Shimron-Meron  | H8112 | Joshua 12:20  | 1  | ? (the king of this city was defeated by Joshua)  |  | = Shimrom (H8110) ?
שעלבין  | šʿlbyn  | Shaalabbin  | H8169 | Joshua 19:42  | 3  | Dan  | kibbutz Sha'alavim, former village Salbit[177] |
שורים  | šʿrym  | Shaaraim  | H8189 | Joshua 15:36  | 3 or 2  | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)  | ? Khirbet Qeiyafa[178] |
שרוחן  | šrwḥn  | Sharuhen | H8287 | Joshua 19:6  | 1  | Simeon within Judah (listed between Beth-Lebaoth and Ain, Rimmon)  |  | = Shilhim (H7978) ?
לשרון  | lšrwn  | Lasharon  | H8289 | Joshua 12:18  | 1?  | ? (the king of this city was defeated by Joshua)  |  |
שריד  | šryd  | Sarid  | H8301 | Joshua 19:10.12  | 2  | Zebulun (Zebulun's border - south-western? corner)  | Tell Shadud[179] just east of kibbutz Sarid  [ ⚑ ] 32°39′42″N 35°14′0″E﻿ / ﻿32.66167°N 35.233333°E﻿ / 32.66167; 35.233333 |
תאנת שלה  | tʾnt šlh  | Taanath-Shiloh  | H8387 | Joshua 16:6  | 1  | Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, between the upper Beth-Horon, Michmethah and Janohah, Jericho)  | ? Khirbet Tana el-Foqa;[86] Khirbet Tana et-Tahta[86] [ ⚑ ] 32°09′09″N 35°23′44″E﻿ / ﻿32.1525°N 35.39556°E﻿ / 32.1525; 35.39556 |
תבור  | tbwr  | Tabor  | H8396 | Joshua 19:22  | 1 to 4  | Issachar  | ? Dabūrye[38]: 254 |
תמנה  | tmnh  | Timnah  | H8553 | Joshua 15:10.57  | 11?  | Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah; northern border, between Beth-Shemesh and Ekron)  | ? Tell el-Batashi[180] [ ⚑ ] 31°47′05″N 34°54′40″E﻿ / ﻿31.78472°N 34.91111°E﻿ / 31.78472; 34.91111;[181] formerly identified with Khirbet Tibneh[180] [ ⚑ ] 31°44′40″N 34°56′03″E﻿ / ﻿31.74444°N 34.93417°E﻿ / 31.74444; 34.93417?[182][183] | = Thimnathah (H8553, Dan's) ?
תמנתה  | tmnth  | Thimnathah  | H8553 | Joshua 19:43  | 1  | Dan  |  | = Timnah (H8553, Judah's) ?
תמנתסרח  | tmntsrḥ  | Timnathserah  | H8556 | Joshua 19:50; 24:30  | 3  | Ephraim (Joshua's inheritance; on the north of the hill of Gaash)  | Khirbet Tibnah[38]: 198 [ ⚑ ] 32°00′30″N 35°06′40″E﻿ / ﻿32.00833°N 35.11111°E﻿ / 32.00833; 35.11111 |
תענך  | tʿnk  | Taanach  | H8590 | Joshua 12:21; 17:11; 21:25  | 7  | Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher; a levitical city)  | Tell Ta'annek/Tiinik[184] [ ⚑ ] 32°31′15″N 35°13′11″E﻿ / ﻿32.52083°N 35.21972°E﻿ / 32.52083; 35.21972[11]: 509 |
תפוח  | tpwḥ  | Tappuah [of Judah]  | H8599 | Joshua (12:17?;) 15:34  | 2 or 1  | Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)  |  |
תפוח  | tpwḥ  | Tappuah [of Ephraim]  | H8599 | Joshua (12:17?;) 16:8; 17:8  | 4 or 3  | Ephraim (northern border of Ephraim, located between Ephraim and Manasseh's territories)  | Tell esh-Sheikh Abu-Zarad[139]: 13–14 | = En-Tappuah (H5887) ?
תראלה  | trʾlh  | Taralah  | H8634 | Joshua 18:27  | 1  | Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem)  |  |
תרצה  | trṣh  | Tirzah  | H8656 | Joshua 12:24  | 14  | ? (a king of this city was defeated by Joshua)  | ?[96]: 116 Tell el-Far'ah (North)[185][186][187]: 142 [ ⚑ ] 32°17′14″N 35°20′15″E﻿ / ﻿32.28722°N 35.3375°E﻿ / 32.28722; 35.3375 |

## See also

* List of biblical places
* List of biblical names
* List of minor biblical places
* List of modern names for biblical place names
* Amarna letters–localities and their rulers

## References

1. ↑ Academic style consonantal transliteration following Society of Biblical Literature (2014). "TRANSLITERATING AND TRANSCRIBING ANCIENT TEXTS". The SBL Handbook of Style. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature. p. 56. doi:10.2307/j.ctt14bs6ct.9. ISBN 9781589839656. https://books.google.com/books?id=M_upBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56.
2. ↑ Coordinates provided using the Palestine grid system (publications prior to 1994) have been converted to the World Geodetic System ("EPSG:4326 WGS 84") using the "EPSG.io: Coordinate Systems Worldwide" (Klokan Technologies GmbH) online converter (with "EPSG:7142 Palestine 1923 / Palestine Grid modified" as the source). Coordinates described by the Israeli Transverse Mercator (works published after 1993) have been converted using the "EPSG:2039 Israel 1993 / Israeli TM Grid" as the source.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Zertal, Adam; Bar, Shay (2017). The Manasseh Hill Country Survey Volume 4: From Nahal Bezeq to the Sartaba. BRILL. pp. 99–100. ISBN 9789004346963. https://books.google.com/books?id=FaclDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Edrei". A Dictionary of the Bible: Comprising Its Antiquities, Biography, and Natural History. 1. John Murray. 1863. pp. 491–2. https://books.google.com/books?id=4a8eAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA491. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
5. ↑ "Edrei". Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Zondervan. 2011. p. 388. ISBN 9780310492351. https://books.google.com/books?id=8Tq7UcPMwacC&pg=PA388. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
6. ↑ Deuteronomy: A Commentary. The Old Testament Library. Westminster John Knox Press. 2004. p. 52. ISBN 9780664229542. https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZS7BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52.
7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 Gaß, Erasmus (2023). "Evaluating the Tribe of Zebulon according to the Border Description in Joshua 19". Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel 12 (4): 416–437. doi:10.1628/hebai-2023-0030. ISSN 2192-2276.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Muilenburg, James (1955). The Site of Ancient Gilgal. 140. Åbo Akademi University Press. 11–27. doi:10.2307/1355965. https://www.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/4162/TMP.objres.80.pdf. Retrieved 2018-05-26.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Langston, Scott M. (2000). "Aijalon". in Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C.. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Amsterdam University Press. p. 37. ISBN 9789053565032. https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA37. Retrieved 2018-06-04.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Goren, Yuval (2004). Inscribed in Clay, Provenance Study of the Amarna Tablets and Other Ancient Near Eastern Texts. Monograph series. 23. Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology. ISBN 9789652660206. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263353216.
11. ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 11.16 11.17 11.18 11.19 11.20 11.21 11.22 Kennedy, Titus Michael (2013). A Demographic Analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan: Ancient Population. Estimates and Insights through Archaeology (PhD). University of South Africa. hdl:10500/13257.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Zissu, Boaz; Gass, Erasmus (2011). "The identification of biblical Achzib at Khirbet 'Ēn el-Kizbe in the Judean Shephelah, and the origins of Shimon bar Kokhba". in Maeir, Aren M.. 'Go Out and Study the Land' (Judges 18:2): Archaeological, Historical and Textual Studies in Honor of Hanan Eshel. BRILL. pp. 377–426. ISBN 978-90-04-20268-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=J3gjTdHGAsgC&pg=PA377.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Bartusch, Mark Walter (2003). Understanding Dan: An Exegetical Study of a Biblical City, Tribe and Ancestor. A&C Black. pp. 99–100. ISBN 978-0-8264-3975-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=I6JTKREkHUkC&pg=PA99.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Phoenicians in Western Galilee: First Results of an Archaeological Survey in the Hinterland of Akko". Studies in the Archaeology of the Iron Age in Israel and Jordan. Journal of the Study of the Old Testament, Supplement. 331. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. 2001. ISBN 9781841272030. https://www.academia.edu/1194816.
15. ↑ "EPSG.io: Coordinate Systems Worldwide (1605.2500)". Klokan Technologies GmbH. https://epsg.io/map#srs=7142&x=160500&y=250000&z=16.
16. ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 A word (esp. describing citizens or inhabitants) derived from a given town's name
17. ↑ Some assume, that it is the place of Archi. (Johnson,Siegfried S.: Art. 'Archite', Anchor Bible Dictionary 1 (1992) p. 369, ISBN 978-0300140019)
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 Including derived words, esp. those describing citizens or inhabitants or a given town
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 The city's name is not mentioned in the book of Joshua directly but its derivative (esp. a word describing the town's citizens) is used.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Zertal, Adam (2004). The Manasseh Hill Country Survey, Volume 2. BRILL. pp. 107, 110. ISBN 978-90-04-16369-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFDJt_F0nvoC&pg=PA107.
21. ↑ 21.00 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07 21.08 21.09 21.10 21.11 Chesnut, Owen D. (2006). The Location of Biblical Eshtaol (MA). Jerusalem University College. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-08-27. Retrieved 2019-01-27.
22. ↑ Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. New York, London: The Continuum Publishing Group. 2001. p. 167f. ISBN 9780826485717.
23. ↑ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 23.10 23.11 23.12 23.13 23.14 23.15 McKinny, Chris (2024). "The Historical Geography of The Settlements of The Transjordanian Tribes of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh (Num 32:2–4, 33–42; Josh 13)". in Beitzel, Barry J.. Lexham Geographic Commentary on the Pentateuch. Lexham Press. pp. 660–704. ISBN 978-1-68359-729-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=UfDuzwEACAAJ.
24. ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 24.10 24.11 24.12 24.13 24.14 24.15 24.16 24.17 24.18 24.19 "The Search for Joshua's Ai". Critical Issues in Early Israelite History. Bulletin for Biblical Research Supplement. 3. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. 2008. ISBN 9781575068046. https://www.academia.edu/download/33944963/The_Search_for_Joshuas_Ai_(2008).pdf.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 Tavger, Aharon; Amar, Zohar; Billig, Miriam, eds (2015). "Dividing the Spoil - A Discussion of the Identifications of Beth-Aven, Emek-Keziz and Zemaraim in the Territory of Benjamin". In the Highland's Depth - Ephraim Range and Binyamin Research Studies. 5. pp. 10*–32*. ISBN 9781575068046. https://www.academia.edu/16746194.
26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 Livingston, David Palmer (1989). Khirbet Nisya 1979-1986: a Report on Six Seasons of Excavation (PhD). Andrews University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-26.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Livingston, David P. (1994). "Further Considerations on the Location of Bethel at El-Bireh". Palestine Exploration Quarterly 126 (2): 154–159. doi:10.1179/peq.1994.126.2.154.
28. ↑ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 "East of the Jordan": Territories and Sites of the Hebrew Scriptures. ASOR Books. 6. American Schools of Oriental Research. 2000. ISBN 9780897570312. https://www.bu.edu/asor/pubs/books-monographs/macdonald.pdf.
29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Gaß, Erasmus (2023). "Neiel". in Furey, Constance M.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Negative Theology – Offspring. 21. De Gruyter. pp. 76–77. ISBN 978-3-11-062827-2. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/104377/104377.pdf.
30. ↑ Smith, George Adam; Bartholomew, John George (1915). "Section VI. South Gilead and Ammon" (Map). Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land. 1:253440. Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 25–6\. § C5.
31. ↑ "023) 'Ain Ḥajla (Beth Hoglah)". Sapienza University of Rome & Palestinian Department of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage. 2011. http://www.lasapienzatojericho.it/padis/component/content/article/38-sites/75-023-ain-ajla-beth-hoglah.
32. ↑ "Jericho Oasis Map". Sapienza University of Rome & Palestinian Department of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage. 2011. http://www.lasapienzatojericho.it/padis/component/content/article/34-maps/174-jericho-oasis-map.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Mills, Watson E.; Bullard, Roger Aubrey, eds (1990). "Beth-horon". Mercer Dictionary of the Bible. Mercer University Press. p. 98. ISBN 9780865543737. https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA98. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.6 34.7 van der Meer, Michaël N. (2016). "Galilee in the Septuagint: Textual Criticism and Topography in Joshua 19:10-19". in Kreuzer, Siegfried. Die Septuaginta - Orte und Intentionen: 5. Internationale Fachtagung veranstaltet von Septuaginta Deutsch (LXX. D), Wuppertal 24.-27. Juli 2014. Mohr Siebeck. pp. 186–214. ISBN 978-3-16-153832-2. https://www.academia.edu/28866265.
35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 Katz, Hayah; Levin, Yigal (2021). "Tel Rosh: The forgotten Rehob in the Upper Galilee". Palestine Exploration Quarterly 153 (1): 24–41. doi:10.1080/00310328.2020.1751490. ISSN 0031-0328. https://www.academia.edu/49559918.
36. ↑ Braun, Eliot (2004). Early Beth Shan (Strata XIX-XIII): G.M. Fitzgerald's Deep Cut on the Tell. University Museum Monograph. 121. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. p. 1. ISBN 9781931707626. https://books.google.com/books?id=F9eGrmxT3ksC&pg=PA1.
37. ↑ Ancient Sites in Galilee: A Toponymic Gazetteer. Culture and History of the Ancient near East. 1. BRILL. 2000. p. 358. ISBN 9789004115354. https://books.google.com/books?id=J7UzjipP3l8C&pg=PA358.
38. ↑ 38.00 38.01 38.02 38.03 38.04 38.05 38.06 38.07 38.08 38.09 38.10 Gass, Erasmus (2005) (in de). Die Ortsnamen des Richterbuchs in historischer und redaktioneller Perspektive. Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-05108-8.
39. ↑ Carta's Official Guide to Israel and Complete Gazetteer to all Sites in the Holy Land. (3rd edition 1993) Jerusalem, Carta, p.429, ISBN 965-220-186-3
40. ↑ Younker, Randall W. (2023). "The Case for Jalul as Biblical Bezer". in Ben-Yosef, Erez. "And in Length of Days Understanding" (Job 12:12): Essays on Archaeology in the Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond in Honor of Thomas E. Levy. Springer Nature. pp. 943–959. ISBN 978-3-031-27330-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=NcPOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA943.
41. ↑ Rezetko, Robert; Lim, Timothy Henry; Aucker, W. Brian, eds (2007). "Gibeon and the Gibeonites in the Old Testament". Reflection and Refraction: Studies in Biblical Historiography in Honour of A. Graeme Auld. Supplements to Vetus Testamentum. 113. BRILL. pp. 124–5. ISBN 9789004145122. https://books.google.com/books?id=sfV9WXqhkWYC&pg=PA113.
42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "Shechem of the Amarna Period and the Rise of the Northern Kingdom of Israel". Israel Exploration Journal 55 (2): 172–193. 2005. https://www.academia.edu/1947779. Retrieved 2018-06-15.
43. ↑ The Philistines in Transition: A History from Ca. 1000-730 B.C.E.. Studies in the history and culture of the Ancient Near East. 10. BRILL. 1996. p. 66. ISBN 9789004104266. https://books.google.com/books?id=B2eNV68WU3YC&pg=PA66.
44. ↑ Conder, Claude R. (1876). "Notes from the Memoir". Palestine Exploration Quarterly 8 (2): 167–171. doi:10.1179/peq.1876.8.2.167.
45. ↑ Smith, George Adam; Bartholomew, John George (1915). "Section V. Samaria & Judaea" (Map). Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land. 1:253440. Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 23–4\. § D4.
46. ↑ "054) Mafjar, Tell el-". Sapienza University of Rome & Palestinian Department of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage. 2011. http://www.lasapienzatojericho.it/padis/component/content/article/38-sites/106-054-mafjar-tell-el-.
47. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `ISBE_V2_1982_Gilgal`
48. ↑ "090) Ṣuwwanet eth-Thaniya/Jiser Abu Ghabush". Sapienza University of Rome & Palestinian Department of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage. 2011. http://www.lasapienzatojericho.it/padis/component/content/article/38-sites/142-090-uwwanet-eth-thaniyajiser-abu-ghabush.
49. ↑ Smith, George Adam; Bartholomew, John George (1915). "Section VI. South Gilead and Ammon" (Map). Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land. 1:253440. Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 25–6\. § B4.
50. ↑ "066) Nitla, Khirbet en-/Tell Jaljul (Galgala)". Sapienza University of Rome & Palestinian Department of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage. 2011. http://www.lasapienzatojericho.it/padis/component/content/article/38-sites/118-066-nitla-khirbet-en-tell-jaljul-galgala.
51. ↑ Zertal, Adam; Mirkam, Nivi (2016). The Manasseh Hill Country Survey: Volume 3: From Nahal 'Iron to Nahal Shechem. BRILL. pp. 67–68. ISBN 978-90-04-31230-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=XytzCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA67.
52. ↑ "Khirbet Rabûd = Debir". Tel Aviv: Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 1 (1): 2–33. 1974. doi:10.1179/033443574788593494.
53. ↑ Greenberg, Raphael (1987). "New Light on the Early Iron Age at Tell Beit Mirsim". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 265 (265): 55–80. doi:10.2307/1356807.
54. ↑ "The Excavations at Tell Beit Mirsim". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 23 (23): 2–14. 1926. doi:10.2307/1354957.
55. ↑ Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. New York, London: The Continuum Publishing Group. 2001. p. 130. ISBN 9780826485717.
56. ↑ "Discoveries at Tel Dor". The Archaeology of Israel: Constructing the Past, Interpreting the Present. Journal for the study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series. 237. Sheffield Academic Press. 1997. p. 128. ISBN 9781850756507. https://books.google.com/books?id=jH4MkEQH7M8C&pg=PA128.
57. ↑ "The Palestinian City-States of the Bronze Age". A Comparative Study of Thirty City-state Cultures. Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter. 21. 2000. p. 69. ISBN 9788778761774. https://books.google.com/books?id=8qvY8pxVxcwC&pg=PA69.
58. ↑ Steiner, Margreet L.; Killebrew, Ann E., eds (2014). "Moab during the Iron Age II period". The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant: C. 8000-332 BCE. Oxford University Press. p. 773. ISBN 9780199212972. https://books.google.com/books?id=5H4fAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT797.
59. ↑ Israel's History and the History of Israel. Routledge. 2014. p. 424. ISBN 9781317488934. https://books.google.com/books?id=_1zfBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA424.
60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 Rainey, Anson F. (1982). "Wine from the Royal Vineyards". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 245 (245): 57–62. doi:10.2307/1356528.
61. ↑ Joshua. Apollos Old Testament Commentary. 6. InterVarsity Press. 2010. p. 295. ISBN 9780830825066. https://books.google.com/books?id=Q7tvG_w6uQEC&pg=PA295.
62. ↑ Finkelstein, Israel (2013). "Geographical and Historical Realities behind the Earliest Layer in the David Story". Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament 27 (2): 131–150. doi:10.1080/09018328.2013.839104.
63. ↑ Rahmani, L. Y. (1972). "A Bilingual Ossuary-Inscription from Khirbet Zif". Israel Exploration Journal 22 (2/3): 113–116.
64. ↑ Carta's Official Guide to Israel and Complete Gazetteer to all Sites in the Holy Land. (3rd edition 1993) Jerusalem, Carta, p.481, ISBN 965-220-186-3
65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 Hardin, James; Rollston, Christopher A.; Blakely, Jeffrey A. (2012). "Biblical Geography in Southwestern Judah". Near Eastern Archaeology 75 (1): 20–35. doi:10.5615/neareastarch.75.1.0020. ISSN 1094-2076. https://www.academia.edu/1429345.
66. ↑ Carta's Official Guide to Israel and Complete Gazetteer to all Sites in the Holy Land. (3rd edition 1993) Jerusalem, Carta, p.71 ("Adi"), ISBN 965-220-186-3
67. ↑ Gaß, Erasmus (2015). "Heleph". in Allison, Dale C.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Halah – Hizquni. 11. De Gruyter. p. 743. ISBN 978-3-11-031328-4. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/94735/94735.pdf.
68. ↑ Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. New York, London: The Continuum Publishing Group. 2001. p. 215. ISBN 9780826485717.
69. ↑ Pitkänen, Pekka (2010). Joshua. InterVarsity Press. p. 327. ISBN 978-0-8308-2506-6.
70. ↑ Gaß, Erasmus (2015). "Hepher". in Allison, Dale C.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Halah – Hizquni. 11. De Gruyter. pp. 825–826. ISBN 978-3-11-031328-4. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/94739/94739.pdf.
71. ↑ Gaß, Erasmus (2015). "Hazor-Hadattah". in Allison, Dale C.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Halah – Hizquni. 11. De Gruyter. pp. 444–445. ISBN 978-3-11-031328-4. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/94733/94733.pdf.
72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 Na'aman, Nadav (1980). "The Inheritance of the Sons of Simeon". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 96 (2): 136–152.
73. ↑ Åhlfeldt, Johan (2014-11-01). "Malatha, Tell el Milh/Malhatha". Lund University, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History. http://imperium.ahlfeldt.se/places/36199.html.
74. ↑ "Tel Masos: Israel". Information Technology Associates. 1993. https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1123571&fid=3079&c=israel.
75. ↑ A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period. 1. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2006. p. 45. ISBN 9780567216175. https://books.google.com/books?id=1cPeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45.
76. ↑ "Tel H̱alif: Israel". Information Technology Associates. 1993. https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1123528&fid=3083&c=israel.
77. ↑ Chieftains of the Highland Clans: A History of Israel in the 12th and 11th Centuries BC. Wipf and Stock Publishers. 2012. p. 16. ISBN 9781620322086. https://books.google.com/books?id=P35NAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA16.
78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 "The Site of Ibleam". Palestine Exploration Quarterly 54 (4): 142–147. 1922. doi:10.1179/peq.1922.54.4.142.
79. ↑ Smith, George Adam; Bartholomew, John George (1915). "Section III. Galilee" (Map). Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land. 1:253440. Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 19–20\. § D4.
80. ↑ Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. New York, London: The Continuum Publishing Group. 2001. p. 253. ISBN 9780826485717.
81. ↑ Gaß, Erasmus (2016). "Jagur". in Allison, Dale C.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Ho Tsun Shen – Insult. 12. De Gruyter. pp. 679–680. ISBN 978-3-11-031329-1. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/94855/94855.pdf.
82. ↑ Gaß, Erasmus (2016). "Idalah". in Allison, Dale C.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Ho Tsun Shen – Insult. 12. De Gruyter. pp. 800–801. ISBN 978-3-11-031329-1. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/94748/94748.pdf.
83. ↑ Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. New York, London: The Continuum Publishing Group. 2001. p. 547f. ISBN 9780826485717.
84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 84.2 84.3 84.4 84.5 84.6 84.7 On the Skirts of Canaan in the Iron Age: Historical and Topographical Researches. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. 153. Peeters Publishers. 2006. p. 328. ISBN 9789042917989. https://books.google.com/books?id=837DDbYsxAoC&pg=PA328.
85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 Walton, John H.; Matthews, Victor H.; Chavalas, Mark W. (2000). The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament. InterVarsity Press. pp. 238. ISBN 978-0-8308-1419-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=wIA3tH9HqY4C&pg=PA238.
86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 86.2 Bar, Shay; Zertal, Adam (2021). The Manasseh Hill Country Survey Volume 6: The Eastern Samaria Shoulder, from Nahal Tirzah (Wadi Far'ah) to Ma'ale Ephraim Junction. BRILL. pp. 74. ISBN 978-90-04-46323-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=UkwwEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA74.
87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 87.2 87.3 87.4 87.5 87.6 87.7 MacDonald, Burton; Younker, Randall W., eds (1999). "Ammonite Territory and Sites". Ancient Ammon. Studies in the History and Culture of the Ancient Near East. 17. BRILL. pp. 35–6. ISBN 9789004107625. https://books.google.com/books?id=5Sm7BOubDYcC&pg=PA30.
88. ↑ 88.00 88.01 88.02 88.03 88.04 88.05 88.06 88.07 88.08 88.09 88.10 88.11 "The Biblical Gilead". Ugarit-Forschungen (43): 131–159. 2011. ISSN 0342-2356. https://www.academia.edu/3744680.
89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 89.3 89.4 Younker, Randall W. (2000). "Jazer". in Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C.. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Amsterdam University Press. p. 675. ISBN 9789053565032. https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA675. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 Smith, George Adam; Bartholomew, John George (1915). "Section VI. South Gilead and Ammon" (Map). Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land. 1:253440. Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 25–6\. § D4.
91. ↑ Ibach, Robert Jr. (1978). "Expanded Archaeological Survey of the Hesban Region" (PDF). Andrews University Seminary Studies 16 (1): 201–213. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/auss/vol16/iss1/7/. Retrieved 2018-05-30.
92. ↑ "EPSG.io: Coordinate Systems Worldwide (2365.1395)". Klokan Technologies GmbH. https://epsg.io/map#srs=7142&x=236500&y=139500&z=16.
93. ↑ Burke, Aaron A. (2011). "Early Jaffa: From the Bronze Age to the Persian Period". in Burke, Aaron A.. The History and Archaeology of Jaffa 1. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press. pp. 72–73. ISBN 9781938770562. http://www.ancientportsantiques.com/wp-content/uploads/Documents/PLACES/Levant/Jaffa-Burke2011.pdf.
94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 Gaß, Erasmus (2016). "Japhia". in Allison, Dale C.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Ho Tsun Shen – Insult. 12. De Gruyter. pp. 773–774. ISBN 978-3-11-031329-1. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/97044/97044.pdf.
95. ↑ Carta's Official Guide to Israel and Complete Gazetteer to all Sites in the Holy Land. (3rd edition 1993) Jerusalem, Carta, p.479f, ISBN 965-220-186-3
Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. New York, London: The Continuum Publishing Group. 2001. p. 550. ISBN 9780826485717.
96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 Fifty Major Cities of the Bible: From Dan to Beersheba. Routledge. 2006. ISBN 9780415223157. https://books.google.com/books?id=dUB048ItN8AC.
97. ↑ Sala, Maura (2014). "The Archaeological Expeditions to Tell es-Sultan (1868–2012)". in Wagemakers, Bart. Archaeology in the Land of 'Tells and Ruins'. Oxbow Books. pp. 117–130. ISBN 9781782972464. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270341231. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
98. ↑ Nigro, Lorenzo (2016). "Tell es-Sultan 2015: A Pilot Project for Archaeology in Palestine". Near Eastern Archaeology 79 (1): 4–17. doi:10.5615/neareastarch.79.1.0004. https://www.academia.edu/25315245. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
99. ↑ de Miroschedji, Pierre (1999). "Yarmuth: The Dawn of City-States in Southern Canaan". Near Eastern Archaeology 62 (1): 2–19. doi:10.2307/3210719. https://www.academia.edu/1820541. Retrieved 2018-06-15.
100. ↑ Cole, R. Dennis (2000). "Jarmuth". in Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C.. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Amsterdam University Press. p. 674. ISBN 9789053565032. https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA674. Retrieved 2018-06-15.
101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 Gaß, Erasmus (2016). "Jarmuth". in Allison, Dale C.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Ho Tsun Shen – Insult. 12. De Gruyter. p. 777. ISBN 978-3-11-031329-1. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/94857/94857.pdf.
102. ↑ Gaß, Erasmus (2016). "Irpeel". in Allison, Dale C.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Integrity – Jesuit Order. 13. De Gruyter. pp. 257–258. ISBN 978-3-11-031330-7. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/94749/94749.pdf.
103. ↑ Israel Antiquities Authority, Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2010, Survey Permit # A-5956
104. ↑ It is dentified with this tel by most scholars as W.F. Albright, G. Dalman, Y. Aharoni. ( Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. New York, London: The Continuum Publishing Group. 2001. p. 285. ISBN 9780826485717.
Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, Vol III. Englewood Cliffs N.J.: Prentice Hall. 1977. p. 719. ISBN 0132751313. )
105. ↑ Tel Kesalon
106. ↑ Carta's Official Guide to Israel and Complete Gazetteer to all Sites in the Holy Land. (3rd edition 1993) Jerusalem, Carta, p.268, ISBN 965-220-186-3
107. ↑ Lester L. Grabbe; Oded Lipschits (28 July 2011). Judah Between East and West: The Transition from Persian to Greek Rule (ca. 400-200 BCE). A&C Black. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-567-04684-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=2EzJSMgWDcsC&pg=PA64.
108. ↑ 108.0 108.1 108.2 The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography. Westminster John Knox Press. 1979. ISBN 9780664242664. https://books.google.com/books?id=AMtoyNxWw0UC.
109. ↑ Tappy, Ron E. (2008). "Tel Zayit and the Tel Zayit Abecedary in Their Regional Context". in Tappy, Ron E.; McCarter, P. Kyle Jr. Literate Culture and Tenth-Century Canaan: The Tel Zayit Abecedary in Context. Eisenbrauns. pp. 11, 37. ISBN 9781575061504. https://www.academia.edu/9205888. Retrieved 2018-05-28.
110. ↑ 110.0 110.1 Shai, Itzhaq (2017). "Tel Burna: A Judahite Fortified Town in the Shephelah". in Lipschits, Oded; Maeir, Aren M.. The Shephelah during the Iron Age: Recent Archaeological Studies. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9781575064871. https://telburna.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/shai_iron-age-burna_2017.pdf. Retrieved 2018-05-28.
111. ↑ 111.00 111.01 111.02 111.03 111.04 111.05 111.06 111.07 111.08 111.09 111.10 111.11 111.12 111.13 111.14 Dorsey, David A. (1980). "The Location of Biblical Makkedah". Tel Aviv: Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 7 (3–4): 185–193. doi:10.1179/033443580788441008.
112. ↑ 112.0 112.1 Davies, Graham I. (1982). "Tell Ed-Duweir = Ancient Lachish: A Response to G. W. Ahlström". Palestine Exploration Quarterly 114 (1): 25–28. doi:10.1179/peq.1982.114.1.25.
113. ↑ 113.0 113.1 113.2 113.3 113.4 113.5 113.6 From Conquest to Coexistence: Ideology and Antiquarian Intent in the Historiography of Israel's Settlement in Canaan. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East. 45. BRILL. 2011. p. 158. ISBN 9789004194809. https://books.google.com/books?id=22dryV7nAGsC&pg=PA158. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
114. ↑ 114.0 114.1 114.2 114.3 "Mahanaim". The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 1995. pp. 222–3. ISBN 9780802837851. https://books.google.com/books?id=Zkla5Gl_66oC&pg=PA222. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
115. ↑ Smith, George Adam; Bartholomew, John George (1915). "Section VI. South Gilead and Ammon" (Map). Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land. 1:253440. Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 25–6\. § D2.
116. ↑ 116.0 116.1 116.2 116.3 Gaß, Erasmus (2020). "Me-Jarkon". in Furey, Constance M.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Mass – Midnight. 18. De Gruyter. pp. 481–482. ISBN 978-3-11-031335-2. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/94878/94878.pdf.
117. ↑ 117.0 117.1 117.2 Gaß, Erasmus (2020). "Michmethath". in Furey, Constance M.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Mass – Midnight. 18. De Gruyter. pp. 1172–1173. ISBN 978-3-11-031335-2. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/94884/94884.pdf.
118. ↑ Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. New York, London: The Continuum Publishing Group. 2001. p. 313. ISBN 9780826485717.
Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, Vol III. Englewood Cliffs N.J.: Prentice Hall. 1977. p. 779. ISBN 0132751313.
119. ↑ 119.0 119.1 Gaß, Erasmus (2020). "Mearah". in Furey, Constance M.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Mass – Midnight. 18. De Gruyter. pp. 248–249. ISBN 978-3-11-031335-2. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/94880/94880.pdf.
120. ↑ "New Aramaic Ostraca from Idumea and Their Historical Interpretation". Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period. Eisenbrauns. 2006. p. 413. ISBN 9781575061047. https://books.google.com/books?id=1zi2i_C1aNkC&pg=PA413.
121. ↑ Hadley, Judith M. (2000). The Cult of Asherah in Ancient Israel and Judah: Evidence for a Hebrew Goddess. University of Cambridge Oriental Publications. 57. Cambridge University Press. p. 84. ISBN 9780521662352. https://books.google.com/books?id=teiYbFCsZWAC&pg=PA84.
122. ↑ "The Site and the Epigraphic Finds". Maresha Excavations Final Report III: Epigraphic Finds from the 1989-2000 Seasons. Israel Antiquities Authority Reports. 45. Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority. 2010. p. 1. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1fzhd1t. ISBN 9789654062350.
123. ↑ "The Necropolis of Maresha–Beth Govrin". Israel Exploration Journal 34 (2/3): 114–153. 1984.
124. ↑ 124.0 124.1 124.2 124.3 Gaß, Erasmus (2019). "Maralah/Mareal". in Helmer, Christine. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Lotus – Masrekah. 17. De Gruyter. pp. 867–868. ISBN 978-3-11-031334-5. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/94873/94873.pdf.
125. ↑ 125.0 125.1 Gaß, Erasmus (2021). "Mishal". in Furey, Constance M.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Midrash and Aggada – Mourning. 19. De Gruyter. pp. 375–376. ISBN 978-3-11-031336-9. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/94961/94961.pdf.
126. ↑ 126.0 126.1 126.2 Gaß, Erasmus (2023). "Nibshan". in Furey, Constance M.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Negative Theology – Offspring. 21. De Gruyter. p. 391. ISBN 978-3-11-062827-2. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/104385/104385.pdf.
127. ↑ 127.0 127.1 127.2 Gaß, Erasmus (2022). "Nahalal". in Furey, Constance M.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Mouse, Mice – Nefesh. 20. De Gruyter. pp. 564–565. ISBN 978-3-11-062827-2. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/95788/95788.pdf.
128. ↑ 128.0 128.1 Gaß, Erasmus (2022). "Neah". in Furey, Constance M.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Mouse, Mice – Nefesh. 20. De Gruyter. pp. 1141–1142. ISBN 978-3-11-062827-2. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/95789/95789.pdf.
129. ↑ Carta's Official Guide to Israel and Complete Gazetteer to all Sites in the Holy Land. (3rd edition 1993) Jerusalem, Carta, p.343, ISBN 965-220-186-3.
130. ↑ Bar, Shay; Zertal, Adam (2022). The Manasseh Hill Country Survey Volume 7: The South-Eastern Samaria Shoulder, from Wadi Rashash to Wadi 'Aujah. BRILL. p. 68. ISBN 978-90-04-51304-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=sJlcEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68.
131. ↑ Gaß, Erasmus (2023). "Nezib". in Furey, Constance M.. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Negative Theology – Offspring. 21. De Gruyter. p. 387. ISBN 978-3-11-062827-2. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/104384/104384.pdf.
132. ↑ Albright, William F. (1926). "The Jordan Valley in the Bronze Age". The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 6: 13–74. doi:10.2307/3768510.
133. ↑ "The Site of the City of Adullam". Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement 7 (3): 168–177. 1875. doi:10.1179/peq.1875.016. https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/pefqs/1875-03_168.pdf. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
134. ↑ Domination and Resistance: Egyptian Military Activity in the Southern Levant, Ca. 1300-1185 B.C.. BRILL. 1998. p. 137. ISBN 9789004109841. https://books.google.com/books?id=cwHL6yzrqLgC&pg=PA137. Retrieved 2018-06-13.
135. ↑ 135.0 135.1 Wolff, Samuel R., ed (2015). "Bliss and Macalister's Excavations at Tell Zakariya (Tel Azekah) in Light of Published and Previously Unpublished Material". Villain or Visionary?: R. A. S. Macalister and the Archaeology of Palestine. The Palestine Exploration Fund Annual. 12. Routledge (published 2017). ISBN 9781351537704. https://books.google.com/books?id=sTYrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA74.
136. ↑ Callaway, Joseph A.; Nicol, Murray B. (1966). "A Sounding at Khirbet Ḥaiyân". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 183 (183): 12–19. doi:10.2307/1356456.
137. ↑ "En-Gedi: Third Season of Excavations: Preliminary Report". Israel Exploration Journal 14 (3): 121–130. 1964.
138. ↑ Marrs, Rick R. (2000). "Balm". in Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C.. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Amsterdam University Press. p. 145. ISBN 9789053565032. https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA145. Retrieved 2018-06-15.
139. ↑ 139.0 139.1 139.2 van der Meer, Michaël N. (2020). "Manasseh in Maps and Manuscripts: Historical Geography of West-Manasseh and Textual Criticism of LXX-Joshu 17:1-2, 7-13". in Bons, Eberhard. Die Septuaginta - Themen, Manuskripte, Wirkungen: 7. Internationale Fachtagung veranstaltet von Septuaginta Deutsch (LXX.D), Wuppertal 19.-22. Juli 2018.. Mohr Siebeck. pp. 515–543. ISBN 978-3-16-157715-4. https://www.academia.edu/44078579.
140. ↑ Blair, Edward P. (1936). "Soundings at 'Anâtā (Roman Anathoth)". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 62 (62): 18–21. doi:10.2307/1355493.
141. ↑ 141.0 141.1 Bergman, A. (1936). "Soundings at the Supposed Site of Old Testament Anathoth". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 62 (62): 22–26. doi:10.2307/1355494.
142. ↑ 142.0 142.1 Nadelman, Yonatan (1994). "The Identification of Anathoth and the Soundings at Khirbet Deir es-Sidd". Israel Exploration Journal 44 (1/2): 62–74.
143. ↑ Niesiołowski-Spanò, Łukasz (2005). "Where Should One Look for Gideon's Ophra?". Biblica 86 (4): 478–493.
144. ↑ "Et Taiyibe: West Bank". Information Technology Associates. 1993. https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1147182&fid=6704&c=west_bank.
145. ↑ Olávarri, Emilio (1965). "Sondages a 'Arô'er sur l'Arnon". Revue Biblique (1946–) 72 (1): 77–94.
146. ↑ Olávarri, Emilio (1969). "Fouilles a 'Arô'er sur l'Arnon". Revue Biblique (1946–) 76 (2): 230–259.
147. ↑ Tavger, Aharon; McKinny, Chris; Shai, Itzhaq (2022). "“Libnah and ‘Ether” (Josh 15:42): The Archaeological Survey of Khirbat el-‘Atar in Light of over a Decade of Excavations at Tel Burna". in Golani, Amir. Archaeological Excavations and Research Studies in Southern Israel: Collected Papers Volume 5: 18th Annual Southern Conference. Israel Antiquities Authority. pp. 91–116. ISBN 978-965-406-755-3. https://www.academia.edu/76139786.
148. ↑ 148.0 148.1 148.2 148.3 148.4 Blakely, Jeffrey A. (2007). "The Location of Medieval/Pre-Modern and Biblical Ziklag". Palestine Exploration Quarterly 139 (1): 21–26. doi:10.1179/003103207x162988.
149. ↑ 149.0 149.1 149.2 149.3 149.4 149.5 Harris, Horton (2011). "The Location of Ziklag: A Review of the Candidate Sites, Based on Biblical, Topographical and Archaeological Evidence". Palestine Exploration Quarterly 143 (2): 119–133. doi:10.1179/003103211X12971861556954.
150. ↑ Smith, George Adam; Bartholomew, John George (1915). "Section VII - Beersheba and the Negeb" (Map). Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land. 1:253440. Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 27–28\. § B2.
151. ↑ "Zorah, Eshtaol, Beth-Shemesh and Dan's Migration to the South: A Region and its Traditions in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages". Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 24 (86): 25–48. 1999. doi:10.1177/030908929902408602.
152. ↑ 152.0 152.1 Cohen, Rudolph; Bernick-Greenberg, Hannah; Mayer, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef; Carmi, Israel; Druk, Michal; Eldar-Nir, Iris; Gera, Avivit; Haiman, Mordechai et al. (2007). "Excavations at Kadesh Barnea (Tell el-Qudeirat) 1976-1982". in Cohen, Rudolph; Bernick-Greenberg, Hannah. Excavations at Kadesh Barnea (Tell el-Qudeirat) 1976-1982: Part 1. Text. Israel Antiquities Authority Reports. 34. Israel Antiquities Authority. ISBN 9789654062046.
153. ↑ 153.0 153.1 153.2 153.3 "Archaeological Data and the Dating of the Patriarchs". Essays on the Patriarchal Narratives. Wipf and Stock Publishers. 2008. p. 74. ISBN 9781556356667. https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/epn_3_bimson.html. Retrieved 2018-06-04.
154. ↑ "'Ayn al Qudayrāt: Egypt". Information Technology Associates. 2007. https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-468437&fid=1602&c=egypt.
155. ↑ "'Ain el Qadeis: Egypt". Information Technology Associates. 2007. https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-467739&fid=1592&c=egypt.
156. ↑ "Ain el Quṣaima: Egypt". Information Technology Associates. 2007. https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-468573&fid=1624&c=egypt.
157. ↑ "El Muweilah: Egypt". Information Technology Associates. 2007. https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-453538&fid=1620.
158. ↑ Mouton, Michel; Schmid, Stephan G., eds (2013). "Petra and the Nabateans in the Early Hellenistic period: the literary and archaeological evidence". Men on the Rocks: The Formation of Nabataean Petra. Supplement to the Bulletin of Nabataean studies. 1. Berlin: Logos Verlag. p. 50. ISBN 9783832533137. https://books.google.com/books?id=bpWGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA50.
159. ↑ Gaß, Erasmus (2017). "Kain (Place)". in Helmer, Christine. Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception: Jesus – Kairos. 14. De Gruyter. pp. 1225–1226. ISBN 978-3-11-031331-4. https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/94859/94859.pdf.
160. ↑ Curtis, Adrian, ed. (2009) [2007]. "The Kingdom of Judah" (Map). Oxford Bible Atlas. Oxford University Press. pp. 114, 213. § Y5. ISBN 9780199560462.
161. ↑ "Qaryat al Mukhayyaţ: Jordan". Information Technology Associates. 2008. https://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1447724&fid=3286&c=jordan.
162. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `ISBE_V4_1995_Rehob`
163. ↑ "The Shephelah of Israel". Tel Aviv: Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 8 (1): 84–94. 1981. doi:10.1179/033443581788440936.
164. ↑ Atlas of the Biblical World. William Collins Pub. 1971. p. 205. ISBN 9780529001504. https://books.google.com/books?id=l-HjAAAAMAAJ&q=amri.
165. ↑ Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael, eds (2007). Encyclopaedia Judaica: Ra-Sam. 17. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 191. ISBN 9780028659459. https://books.google.com/books?id=Gj8OAQAAMAAJ&q=Amri++Achzib.
166. ↑ The Land of Israel: A Journal of Travels in Palestine, Undertaken with Special Reference to Its Physical Character. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 1866. p. 584. https://books.google.com/books?id=L8-WArbIjA4C&pg=PA584.
167. ↑ Selms, A. van (1995). "Rimmon". The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. 4. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 196. ISBN 9780802837844. https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C&pg=PA196. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
168. ↑ Smith, George Adam; Bartholomew, John George (1915). "Section VII - Beersheba and the Negeb" (Map). Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land. 1:253440. Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 27–28\. § D2.
169. ↑ "The Identification of Ain-Rimmon with Ain-Urtās (Artās)". Palestine Exploration Quarterly 44 (4): 209–211. 1912. doi:10.1179/peq.1912.44.4.209.
170. ↑ Finkelstein, Israel; Lipschits, Oded; Sergi, Omer (2013). "Tell er-Rumeith in Northern Jordan: Some Archaeological and Historical Observations". Semitica 55: 7–23. ISBN 9782720011931. https://www.academia.edu/4062292. Retrieved 2018-05-26.
171. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `ISBE_V4_1995_Socoh`
172. ↑ Smith, George Adam; Bartholomew, John George (1915). "Section VII - Beersheba and the Negeb" (Map). Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land. 1:253440. Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 27–28\. § D2-3.
173. ↑ John L. McKenzie, Dictionary of the Bible, Touchstone Press, 1965
174. ↑ Theis, Christoffer (January 2021). "Schihor" (in de). Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. https://bibelwissenschaft.de/stichwort/26605/.
175. ↑ Na’aman, Nadav (1980). "The Shihor of Egypt and Shur that is Before Egypt". Tel Aviv 7 (1-2): 95–109. doi:10.1179/033443580788441125. ISSN 0334-4355.
176. ↑ Hoffmeier, James K. (2021). "The Hebrew Exodus from and Jeremiah's Eisodus into Egypt in the Light of Recent Archaeological and Geological Developments". Tyndale Bulletin 72 (December): 73–95. doi:10.53751/001c.32999.
177. ↑ Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. New York, London: The Continuum Publishing Group. 2001. p. 458. ISBN 9780826485717.
178. ↑ Garfinkel, Yosef; Ganor, Saar (2008). "Khirbet Qeiyafa: Sha'arayimn". The Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 8. doi:10.5508/jhs.2008.v8.a22. ISSN 1203-1542.
179. ↑ Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. New York, London: The Continuum Publishing Group. 2001. p. 451. ISBN 9780826485717.
180. ↑ 180.0 180.1 Timnah: A Biblical City in the Sorek Valley. Eisenbrauns. 1995. p. 4. ISBN 9780931464973. https://books.google.com/books?id=xaB2FAGBXAMC&pg=PA4.
181. ↑ "Three Seasons of Excavations at Tel Batash: Biblical Timnah". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 248 (248): 1–36. 1982. doi:10.2307/1356672.
182. ↑ Smith, George Adam; Bartholomew, John George (1915). "Section V. Samaria & Judaea" (Map). Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land. 1:253440. Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 23–4\. § C5.
183. ↑ The Book of Joshua. The Cambridge Bible Commentary on the New English Bible. Cambridge University Press. 1974. p. 200. ISBN 9780521086165. https://books.google.com/books?id=ARQ7AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA200.
184. ↑ Lapp, Paul W. (1969). "The 1968 Excavations at Tell Ta'annek". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 195 (195): 2–49. doi:10.2307/1356432.
185. ↑ de Vaux, Roland (1956). "The Excavations at Tell El-Far'ah and the Site of Ancient Tirzah". Palestine Exploration Quarterly 88 (2): 125–140. doi:10.1179/peq.1956.88.2.125.
186. ↑ Finkelstein, Israel (2012). "Tell el-Far'ah (Tirzah) and the Early Days of the Northern Kingdom". Revue Biblique 119 (3): 331–346. https://www.academia.edu/4062301. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
187. ↑ What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?: What Archeology Can Tell Us About the Reality of Ancient Israel. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 2001. ISBN 9780802821263. https://books.google.com/books?id=6-VxwC5rQtwC.

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