Industrial-grade prime

Industrial-grade primes (the term is apparently due to Henri Cohen[1]) are integers for which primality has not been certified (i.e. rigorously proven), but they have undergone probable prime tests such as the Miller–Rabin primality test, which has a positive, but negligible, failure rate, or the Baillie–PSW primality test, which no composites are known to pass. Industrial-grade primes are sometimes used instead of certified primes in algorithms such as RSA encryption, which require the user to generate large prime numbers. Certifying the primality of large numbers (over 100 digits for instance) is significantly harder than showing they are industrial-grade primes. The latter can be done almost instantly with a failure rate so low that it is highly unlikely to ever fail in practice. In other words, the number is believed to be prime with very high, but not absolute, confidence.

## References

1. ↑ Chris Caldwell, The Prime Glossary: probable prime at The Prime Pages.

* v
* t
* e

Prime number classes

By formula|

* Fermat (22n \+ 1)
* Mersenne (2p − 1)
* Double Mersenne (22p−1 − 1)
* Wagstaff (2p \+ 1)/3
* Proth (k·2n \+ 1)
* Factorial (n! ± 1)
* Primorial (pn# ± 1)
* Euclid (pn# + 1)
* Pythagorean (4n \+ 1)
* Pierpont (2m·3n \+ 1)
* Quartan (x4 \+ y4)
* Solinas (2m ± 2n ± 1)
* Cullen (n·2n \+ 1)
* Woodall (n·2n − 1)
* Cuban (x3 − y3)/(x − y)
* Carol (2n − 1)2 − 2
* Kynea (2n \+ 1)2 − 2
* Leyland (xy \+ yx)
* Thabit (3·2n − 1)
* Williams ((b−1)·bn − 1)
* Mills (⌊A3n⌋)

By integer sequence|

* Fibonacci
* Lucas
* Pell
* Newman–Shanks–Williams
* Perrin
* Partitions
* Bell
* Motzkin

By property|

* Wieferich (pair)
* Wall–Sun–Sun
* Wolstenholme
* Wilson
* Lucky
* Fortunate
* Ramanujan
* Pillai
* Regular
* Strong
* Stern
* Supersingular (elliptic curve)
* Supersingular (moonshine theory)
* Good
* Super
* Higgs
* Highly cototient

Base-dependent|

* Happy
* Dihedral
* Palindromic
* Emirp
* Repunit (10n − 1)/9
* Permutable
* Circular
* Truncatable
* Strobogrammatic
* Minimal
* Weakly
* Full reptend
* Unique
* Primeval
* Self
* Smarandache–Wellin
* Tetradic

Patterns|

* Twin (p, p \+ 2)
* Bi-twin chain (n − 1, n \+ 1, 2n − 1, 2n \+ 1, …)
* Triplet (p, p \+ 2 or p \+ 4, p \+ 6)
* Quadruplet (p, p \+ 2, p \+ 6, p \+ 8)
* k−Tuple
* Cousin (p, p \+ 4)
* Sexy (p, p \+ 6)
* Chen
* Sophie Germain (p, 2p + 1)
* Cunningham (p, 2p ± 1, 4p ± 3, 8p ± 7, ...)
* Safe (p, (p − 1)/2)
* Arithmetic progression (p \+ a·n, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...)
* Balanced (consecutive p − n, p, p \+ n)

By size|

* Titanic (1,000+ digits)
* Gigantic (10,000+ digits)
* Mega (1,000,000+ digits)
* Largest known

Complex numbers|

* Eisenstein prime
* Gaussian prime

Composite numbers|

* Pseudoprime
* Catalan
* Elliptic
* Euler
* Euler–Jacobi
* Fermat
* Frobenius
* Lucas
* Somer–Lucas
* Strong
* Carmichael number
* Almost prime
* Semiprime
* Interprime
* Pernicious

Related topics|

* Probable prime
* Industrial-grade prime
* Illegal prime
* Formula for primes
* Prime gap

First 60 primes|

* 2
* 3
* 5
* 7
* 11
* 13
* 17
* 19
* 23
* 29
* 31
* 37
* 41
* 43
* 47
* 53
* 59
* 61
* 67
* 71
* 73
* 79
* 83
* 89
* 97
* 101
* 103
* 107
* 109
* 113
* 127
* 131
* 137
* 139
* 149
* 151
* 157
* 163
* 167
* 173
* 179
* 181
* 191
* 193
* 197
* 199
* 211
* 223
* 227
* 229
* 233
* 239
* 241
* 251
* 257
* 263
* 269
* 271
* 277
* 281

List of prime numbers

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial-grade prime. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Industrial-grade_prime&oldid=47243"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template