Internet of vehicles

Short description: Proposed Internet-like structure connecting road vehicles

Internet of vehicles (IoV) is a network of vehicles equipped with sensors, software, and the technologies that mediate between these with the aim of connecting & exchanging data over the Internet according to agreed standards.[1][2] IoV evolved from Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ("VANET", a category of mobile ad hoc network used for communication between vehicles and roadside systems),[3] and is expected to ultimately evolve into an "Internet of autonomous vehicles".[4] It is expected that IoV will be one of the enablers for an autonomous, connected, electric, and shared (ACES) Future Mobility.[5]

Road vehicles as a product category depend upon numerous technology categories from real-time analytics to commodity sensors and embedded systems. For these to operate in symphony the IoV ecosystem is dependent upon modern infrastructure and architectures that distribute computational burden across multiple processing units in a network.[6] In the consumer market, IoV technology is most typically referenced in discussions of smart cities and driverless cars.[7] Many of these architectures depend for their functionality upon open-source software & systems,[8] for instance Subaru whose vehicles' infotainment platform is able to detect a driver's wakefulness and sound an alarm to pull over for a rest.[9]

As with other internets connecting real user/consumer experiences with networks to which those user/consumers have no access or control, concerns abound as to risks inherent in the growth of IoV, especially in the areas of privacy and security, and consequently industry and governmental moves to address these concerns have begun including the development of international standards & methods of real-time analysis.[10] These are receiving attention from organisations including the Linux Foundation’s ELISA (Enabling Linux In Safety Applications), the connected vehicles initiative at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the Connected Car Working Group at the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association (CTIA).[8]

## See also

* Artificial intelligence of things
* Automotive security
* Cyber-physical system
* Home automation
* Indoor positioning system
* Industry 4.0
* Internet of Military Things
* Internet of things
* Open Interconnect Consortium
* OpenWSN
* Smart grid
* Web of things

## References

1. ↑ Lee, Eun-Kyu; Gerla, Mario; Pau, Giovanni; Lee, Uichin; Lim, Jae-Han (September 2016). "Internet of Vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular fogs". International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 12 (9): 155014771666550. doi:10.1177/1550147716665500.
2. ↑ Khelifi, Adel; Abu Talib, Manar; Nouichi, Douae; Eltawil, Mohamed Salah (2019). "Toward an Efficient Deployment of Open Source Software in the Internet of Vehicles Field". Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 44 (2019): 8939–8961. doi:10.1007/s13369-019-03870-2. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13369-019-03870-2. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
3. ↑ Sakiz, Fatih; Sen, Sevil (June 2017). "A survey of attacks and detection mechanisms on intelligent transportation systems: VANETs and IoV". Ad Hoc Networks 61: 33–50. doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2017.03.006.
4. ↑ Gerla, M.; Lee, E.; Pau, G.; Lee, U. (March 2014). "Internet of vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular clouds". 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT). pp. 241–246. doi:10.1109/WF-IoT.2014.6803166. ISBN 978-1-4799-3459-1. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01215589/file/Gerla2014.pdf.
5. ↑ Hamid, Umar Zakir Abdul (2019). "Internet of Vehicle (IoV) Applications in Expediting the Implementation of Smart Highway of Autonomous Vehicle: A Survey". Performability in Internet of Things. EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing. pp. 137–157. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93557-7_9. ISBN 978-3-319-93556-0. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327188195. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
6. ↑ Nahri, Mohamed; Boulmakoul, Azedine; Karim, Lamia; Lbath, Ahmed (2018). "IoV distributed architecture for real-time traffic data analytics". Procedia Computer Science 130: 480–487. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2018.04.055.
7. ↑ Maglaras, Leandros; Al-Bayatti, Ali; He, Ying; Wagner, Isabel; Janicke, Helge (6 February 2016). "Social Internet of Vehicles for Smart Cities". Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 5 (1): 3. doi:10.3390/jsan5010003.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Canning, Tom (23 August 2020). "Why the connected car rides on open source". https://venturebeat.com/2020/08/23/why-the-connected-car-rides-on-open-source/.
9. ↑ Takahashi, Dean (9 February 2020). "Subaru Legacy 2020 review: Sensors that detect a drowsy or distracted driver". https://venturebeat.com/2020/02/09/subaru-legacy-2020-review-sensors-that-detect-a-drowsy-or-distracted-driver/.
10. ↑ Ahmadian, Amir Shayan; Peldszus, Sven; Ramadan, Qusai; Jürjens, Jan (21 August 2017). "Model-based privacy and security analysis with CARiSMA". Proceedings of the 2017 11th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering. pp. 989–993. doi:10.1145/3106237.3122823. ISBN 9781450351058.

* v
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Ambient intelligence

Concepts|

* Context awareness
* Internet of things
* Object hyperlinking
* Profiling
* Spime
* Supranet
* Ubiquitous computing
* Web of Things
* Wireless sensor networks

Technologies|

* 6LoWPAN
* ANT+
* DASH7
* IEEE 802.15.4
* Internet 0
* Machine to machine
* Radio-frequency identification
* Smartdust
* XBee

Platforms|

* Arduino
* Contiki
* Electric Imp
* Gadgeteer
* ioBridge
* Netduino
* Raspberry Pi
* TinyOS
* Wiring
* Xively
* NodeMCU

Applications|

* Ambient device
* CeNSE
* Connected car
* Home automation
* HomeOS
* Internet refrigerator
* Nabaztag
* Smart city
* Smart TV
* Smarter Planet

Pioneers|

* Kevin Ashton
* Gaetano Borriello
* Adam Dunkels
* Stefano Marzano
* Don Norman
* Roel Pieper
* Josef Preishuber-Pflügl
* John Seely Brown
* Bruce Sterling
* Mark Weiser

Other|

* Ambient Devices
* AmbieSense
* Ebbits project
* IPSO Alliance

* v
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* e

Embedded systems

General terms|

* ASIC
* Board support package
* Bootloader
* Consumer electronics
* Cross compiler
* Embedded database
* Embedded hypervisor
* Embedded OS
* Embedded software
* FPGA
* IoT
* Memory footprint
* Microcontroller
* Single-board computer
* Raspberry Pi
* SoC

Firmware and controls|

* Closed platform
* Crippleware
* Custom firmware
* Defective by Design
* Hacking of consumer electronics
* Homebrew (video games)
* iOS jailbreaking
* PlayStation 3 Jailbreak
* Proprietary firmware
* Rooting (Android)
* Vendor lock-in

Software libraries|

* uClibc
* dietlibc
* Embedded GLIBC
* lwIP
* musl

Programming tools|

* Almquist shell
* Bitbake
* Buildroot
* BusyBox
* OpenEmbedded
* Stand-alone shell
* Toybox
* Yocto Project

Operating systems|

* Linux on embedded systems
* Linux for mobile devices
* Light-weight Linux distribution
* Real-time operating system
* Windows IoT
* Win CE

Programming languages|

* Ada
* Assembly language
* CAPL
* Embedded C
* Embedded C++
* Embedded Java
* MISRA C

* Lightweight browsers
* Open-source computing hardware
* Open-source robotics

* v
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* e

Emerging technologies

Fields|

| Agriculture|

* Agricultural robot
* Cellular agriculture
* Closed ecological systems
* Cultured meat
* Genetically modified food
* Precision agriculture
* Vertical farming

|

Architecture|

* Arcology
* Building printing
* Contour crafting
* Domed city

Biomedical|

* Artificial uterus
* Ampakine
* Brain transplant
* Cryonics
* Cryoprotectant
* Cryopreservation
* Vitrification
* Suspended animation
* De-extinction
* Genetic engineering
* Gene therapy
* Head transplant
* Isolated brain
* Life extension
* Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence
* Nanomedicine
* Nanosensors
* Organ printing
* Personalized medicine
* Regenerative medicine
* Stem-cell therapy
* Tissue engineering
* Robot-assisted surgery
* Synthetic biology
* Synthetic genomics
* Virotherapy
* Oncolytic virus
* Tricorder
* Whole genome sequencing

Displays|

| Next generation|

* FED
* FLCD
* iMoD
* Laser
* LPD
* OLED
* OLET
* QD-LED
* SED
* TPD
* TDEL
* TMOS
* MicroLED

|

Screenless|

* Bionic contact lens
* Head-mounted display
* Head-up display
* Optical head-mounted display
* Virtual retinal display

Other|

* Autostereoscopy
* Flexible display
* Holographic display
* Computer-generated holography
* Multi-primary color display
* Ultra HD
* Volumetric display

Electronics|

* Electronic nose
* E-textiles
* Flexible electronics
* Molecular electronics
* Nanoelectromechanical systems
* Memristor
* Spintronics
* Thermal copper pillar bump
* Twistronics

Energy|

| Production|

* Airborne wind turbine
* Artificial photosynthesis
* Biofuels
* Carbon-neutral fuel
* Concentrated solar power
* Fusion power
* Home fuel cell
* Hydrogen economy
* Methanol economy
* Molten salt reactor
* Nantenna
* Photovoltaic pavement
* Space-based solar power
* Vortex engine

|

Storage|

* Beltway battery
* Compressed air energy storage
* Flywheel energy storage
* Grid energy storage
* Lithium–air battery
* Molten-salt battery
* Nanowire battery
* Research in lithium-ion batteries
* Silicon–air battery
* Thermal energy storage
* Ultracapacitor

Other|

* Smart grid
* Wireless power

Information and
communications

* Ambient intelligence
* Internet of things
* Artificial intelligence
* Applications of artificial intelligence
* Progress in artificial intelligence
* Machine translation
* Mobile translation
* Machine vision
* Semantic Web
* Speech recognition
* Atomtronics
* Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor
* Cybermethodology
* Fourth-generation optical discs
* 3D optical data storage
* Holographic data storage
* GPGPU
* Memory
* CBRAM
* FRAM
* Millipede
* MRAM
* NRAM
* PRAM
* Racetrack memory
* RRAM
* SONOS
* Optical computing
* RFID
* Chipless RFID
* Software-defined radio
* Three-dimensional integrated circuit

Manufacturing|

* 3D printing
* Claytronics
* Molecular assembler
* Utility fog

Materials science|

* Aerogel
* Amorphous metal
* Artificial muscle
* Conductive polymer
* Femtotechnology
* Fullerene
* Graphene
* High-temperature superconductivity
* High-temperature superfluidity
* Linear acetylenic carbon
* Metamaterials
* Metamaterial cloaking
* Metal foam
* Multi-function structures
* Nanotechnology
* Carbon nanotubes
* Molecular nanotechnology
* Nanomaterials
* Picotechnology
* Programmable matter
* Quantum dots
* Silicene
* Superalloy
* Synthetic diamond

Military|

* Antimatter weapon
* Caseless ammunition
* Directed-energy weapon
* Laser
* Maser
* Particle-beam weapon
* Sonic weapon
* Coilgun
* Railgun
* Plasma weapon
* Pure fusion weapon
* Stealth technology
* Vortex ring gun

Neuroscience|

* Artificial brain
* Brain–computer interface
* Electroencephalography
* Mind uploading
* Brain-reading
* Neuroinformatics
* Neuroprosthetics
* Bionic eye
* Brain implant
* Exocortex
* Retinal implant

Quantum|

* Quantum algorithms
* Quantum amplifier
* Quantum bus
* Quantum channel
* Quantum circuit
* Quantum complexity theory
* Quantum computing
* Quantum cryptography
* Quantum dynamics
* Quantum electronics
* Quantum error correction
* Quantum imaging
* Quantum information
* Quantum key distribution
* Quantum logic
* Quantum logic gates
* Quantum machine
* Quantum machine learning
* Quantum metamaterial
* Quantum metrology
* Quantum network
* Quantum neural network
* Quantum optics
* Quantum programming
* Quantum sensing
* Quantum simulator
* Quantum teleportation

Robotics|

* Domotics
* Nanorobotics
* Powered exoskeleton
* Self-reconfiguring modular robot
* Swarm robotics
* Uncrewed vehicle

Space science|

| Launch|

* Fusion rocket
* Non-rocket spacelaunch
* Mass driver
* Orbital ring
* Skyhook
* Space elevator
* Space fountain
* Space tether
* Reusable launch system

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Propulsion|

* Beam-powered propulsion
* Ion thruster
* Laser propulsion
* Plasma propulsion engine
* Helicon thruster
* VASIMR
* Nuclear pulse propulsion
* Solar sail

Other|

* Interstellar travel
* Propellant depot
* Laser communication in space

Transport|

| Aerial|

* Adaptive compliant wing
* Backpack helicopter
* Delivery drone
* Flying car
* High-altitude platform
* Jet pack
* Pulse detonation engine
* Scramjet
* Spaceplane
* Supersonic transport

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Land|

* Airless tire
* Alternative fuel vehicle
* Hydrogen vehicle
* Driverless car
* Ground effect train
* Hyperloop
* Maglev train
* Personal rapid transit
* Transit Elevated Bus
* Vactrain
* Vehicular communication systems

Pipeline|

* Pneumatic transport
* Automated vacuum collection

Other|

* Anti-gravity
* Cloak of invisibility
* Digital scent technology
* Force field
* Plasma window
* Immersive virtual reality
* Magnetic refrigeration
* Phased-array optics

Topics|

* Collingridge dilemma
* Differential technological development
* Disruptive Innovation
* Ephemeralization
* Exploratory engineering
* Fictional technology
* Proactionary principle
* Technological change
* Technological unemployment
* Technological convergence
* Technological evolution
* Technological paradigm
* Technology forecasting
* Accelerating change
* Moore's law
* Technological singularity
* Technology scouting
* Technology readiness level
* Technology roadmap
* Transhumanism

* Category
* List

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Self-driving cars and enabling technologies

Overview and context|

* History of self-driving cars
* Intelligent transportation system
* Context-aware pervasive systems
* Mobile computing
* Smart, connected products
* Ubiquitous computing
* Ambient intelligence
* Internet of things

SAE Levels|

| Human driver monitors the driving environment
(Levels 0,1,2)|

* Lane departure warning system
* Automatic parking
* Collision avoidance system
* Adaptive cruise control
* Advanced driver-assistance systems
* Driver drowsiness detection
* Intelligent speed adaptation
* Blind spot monitor

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System monitors the driving environment
(Levels 3,4,5)|

* Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)
* Connected car
* Automotive navigation system

Vehicles|

| Cars|

* VaMP (1994)
* Spirit of Berlin (2007)
* General Motors EN-V (2010)
* MadeInGermany (2011)
* Waymo, formerly Google Car (2012)
* Tesla Model S with Autopilot (2015)
* LUTZ Pathfinder (2015)
* Yandex self-driving car (2017)

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Buses and commercial vehicles|

* Automated guideway transit
* ParkShuttle
* Navia shuttle
* NuTonomy taxi
* Freightliner Inspiration
* Driverless tractor
* Mobility as a service

Regulation|

* Legislation
* IEEE 802.11p
* Safe speed automotive common law

Enabling technologies|

* Radar
* Laser
* LIDAR
* Artificial neural network
* Computer stereo vision
* Image recognition
* Dedicated short-range communications
* Real-time Control System
* Eye tracking
* Radio-frequency identification

Organizations, Projects & People|

| Organizations, projects and events|

* DAVI
* European Land-Robot Trial
* Navlab
* DARPA Grand Challenge
* VisLab Intercontinental Autonomous Challenge
* Eureka Prometheus Project
* IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society

|

People|

* Harold Goddijn
* Alberto Broggi
* Anthony Levandowski

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