JavaScript templating

Short description: Client side data binding method implemented with JavaScript

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JavaScript templating refers to the client side data binding method implemented with the JavaScript language. This approach became popular thanks to JavaScript's increased use, its increase in client processing capabilities, and the trend to outsource computations to the client's web browser. Popular JavaScript templating libraries are AngularJS, Backbone.js, Ember.js, Handlebars.js, JSX (used by React), Vue.js and Mustache.js. A frequent practice is to use double curly brackets (i.e. {{key}}) to call values of the given key from data files, often JSON objects.

## Examples

All examples use an external file `presidents.json` with following contents

"presidents" : [
{ "name": "Washington", "firstname": "George", "born": "1732", "death": "1799" },
{ "name": "Lincoln", "firstname": "Abraham", "born": "1809", "death": "1865" }

All examples will produce the following HTML list:

* Washington (1732–1799)
* Lincoln (1809–1865)

Library | HTML Code | Explanation

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DNA Template

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href=".../template.css"/>
<script src=".../jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src=".../jquery.template.min.js"></script> ➊

Our favorite presidents are:
<ul id="target">
<li template="[presidents]" z-var="name ., born ., death .">
${name} (${born}-${death})
</li>
</ul> ➋

<script>
$.getJSON('.../presidents.json', function(data) {
$('#target').template(data);
});
</script> ➌

➊ Load the necessary resources, including required jQuery
➋ The HTML code with `template` attribute marking for-each subtemplate and `z-var` replacement instructions.
➌ Load JSON data from `presidents.json` and apply data to the HTML template with id attribute "`target`".

Mustache.js

<script src=".../jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src=".../mustache.min.js"></script> ➊

Our favorite presidents are:
<ul id="target"></ul> ➋

<script id="president-template" type="text/template">
{{#presidents}}
<li>{{name}} ({{born}}-{{death}})</li>
{{/presidents}}
</script> ➌

<script>
$.getJSON('.../presidents.json', function(data) {
var template = $('#president-template').html();
var info = Mustache.to_html(template, data);
$('#target').html(info);
});
</script> ➍

➊ Load the necessary libraries, here mustache.js and jQuery
➋ The HTML code provides a "target" to insert generated contents into.
➌ Provide a template named "president-template".
➍ Last is a function grasping the JSON data, and for each president's subitem, grasping one template and filling it to finally select the HTML page's target appending the whole to it.

Templating becomes useful when the information distributed may change, is too large to be maintained in various HTML pages by available human resources and not large enough to require heavier server-side templating.

## See also

* Comparison of web template engines

## References

* JavaScript templates, Mozilla Developer Network, 2013, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript_templates
* Basavaraj, veena (2012), The client-side templating throwdown: mustache, handlebars, dust.js, and more, Linkedin.com, http://engineering.linkedin.com/frontend/client-side-templating-throwdown-mustache-handlebars-dustjs-and-more
* Villalobos, Ray (2012), Introduction to JavaScript Templating (video tutorial) with Mustache.js, ViewSource.com, archived from the original on 2013-05-13, https://web.archive.org/web/20130513103343/http://iviewsource.com/codingtutorials/introduction-to-javascript-templating-with-mustache-js/
* Burgess, Andrew (2012), Best Practices When Working With JavaScript Templates, Net.tutsplus.com, http://net.tutsplus.com/tutorials/javascript-ajax/best-practices-when-working-with-javascript-templates/
* Landau, Brian (2009), Benchmarking Javascript Templating Libraries, http://viget.com/extend/benchmarking-javascript-templating-libraries
* http://www.jquery4u.com/javascript/10-javascript-jquery-templates-engines/
* Comparison with Other Frameworks, Vue.js, https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/comparison.html, retrieved 11 December 2018

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JavaScript templating libraries

Libraries|

* AngularJS
* Backbone.js
* Chaplin.js
* Dust.js
* Ember.js
* Handlebars.js
* KnockoutJS
* Marko.js
* Mustache.js
* React.js
* Vue.js
* Svelte

Concepts|

* Model–view–controller (MVC)
* Model–view–viewmodel (MVVM)

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