LPWAN

Short description: Type of wireless telecommunication wide area network

A low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) or low-power wide-area (LPWA) network or low-power network (LPN) is a type of wireless telecommunication wide area network designed to allow long-range communications at a low bit rate among things (connected objects), such as sensors operated on a battery.[1][2] The low power, low bit rate and intended use distinguish this type of network from a wireless WAN that is designed to connect users or businesses, and carry more data, using more power. The LPWAN data rate ranges from 0.3 kbit/s to 50 kbit/s per channel.[3]

A LPWAN may be used to create a private wireless sensor network, but may also be a service or infrastructure offered by a third party, allowing the owners of sensors to deploy them in the field without investing in gateway technology.

## Contents

* 1 Technology attributes
* 2 Platforms and technologies
* 2.1 Ultra-narrow band
* 2.2 Others
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Technology attributes

1. Long range: The operating range of LPWAN technology varies from a few kilometers in urban areas to over 10 km in rural settings. It can also enable effective data communication in previously infeasible indoor and underground locations.
2. Low power: Optimized for power consumption, LPWAN transceivers can run on small, inexpensive batteries for up to 20 years
3. Low cost: LPWAN's simplified, lightweight protocols reduce complexity in hardware design and lower device costs. Its long range combined with a star topology reduce expensive infrastructure requirements, and the use of license-free or licensed bands reduce network costs.

## Platforms and technologies

There are a number of competing standards and vendors in the LPWAN space, the most prominent of which include:[4]

* DASH7, a low latency, bi-directional firmware standard that operates over multiple LPWAN radio technologies including LoRa.
* Wize is an open and royalty free standard for LPWAN derived from the European Standard Wireless Mbus.[5]

* Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) based

* Sigfox, UNB-based technology and French company.[6]

* LoRa is a proprietary, chirp spread spectrum radio modulation technology for LPWAN used by LoRaWAN, Haystack Technologies, and Symphony Link.[7][8]
* MIoTy, implementing Telegram Splitting technology.

* Weightless is an open standard, narrowband technology for LPWAN used by Ubiik

### Ultra-narrow band

Ultra Narrowband (UNB), modulation technology used for LPWAN by various companies including:

* Sigfox, UNB-based technology and French company.[9]
* Weightless, a set of communication standards from the Weightless SIG.[10]
* NB-Fi Protocol, developed by WAVIoT company.[11]

### Others

* DASH7 Mode 2 development framework for low power wireless networks, by Haystack Technologies.[12] Runs over many wireless radio standards like LoRa, LTE, 802.15.4g, and others.
* LTE Advanced for Machine Type Communications (LTE-M), an evolution of LTE communications for connected things by 3GPP.[13]
* MySensors, DIY Home Automation framework supporting different radios including LoRa.
* NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT), standardization effort by 3GPP for a LPWAN used in cellular networks .[14]
* Random phase multiple access (RPMA) from Ingenu, formerly known as On-Ramp Wireless, is based on a variation of CDMA technology for cellular phones, but is purpose-built to use unlicensed 2.4GHz spectrum..[15][16] RPMA is used in GE's AMI metering.[17]
* Taggle Byron. A Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) technology from Taggle Systems in Australia. "How Taggle is spreading LPWAN across Australia"
* Wi-SUN, based on IEEE 802.15.4g.[18]

## See also

* Internet of things
* Static Context Header Compression (SCHC)
* QRP operation
* Slowfeld
* Through-the-earth mine communications
* Short range device
* IEEE 802.15.4

## References

1. ↑ Beser, Nurettin Burcak. "Operating cable modems in a low power mode." U.S. Patent No. 7,389,528. 17 June 2008.
2. ↑ Schwartzman, Alejandro, and Chrisanto Leano. "Methods and apparatus for enabling and disabling cable modem receiver circuitry." U.S. Patent No. 7,587,746. 8 September 2009.
3. ↑ Ferran Adelantado, Xavier Vilajosana, Pere Tuset-Peiro, Borja Martinez, Joan Melià-Seguí and Thomas Watteyne. Understanding the Limits of LoRaWAN (January 2017).
4. ↑ Ramon Sanchez-Iborra; Maria-Dolores Cano (2016). "State of the Art in LP-WAN Solutions for Industrial IoT Services". Sensors 16 (5): 708. doi:10.3390/s16050708. PMID 27196909.
5. ↑ Sheldon, John (2019-06-25). "French IoT Satellite Company Kinéis Announces Strategic Partnerships With Objenious And Wize Alliance" (in en-US). https://spacewatch.global/2019/06/french-iot-satellite-company-kineis-announces-strategic-partnerships-with-objenious-and-wize-alliance/.
6. ↑ "SIGFOX Technology". https://www.sigfox.com/en/#!/technology.
7. ↑ "LoRa Integration - Link Labs" (in en-US). https://www.link-labs.com/lora/.
8. ↑ Jesus Sanchez-Gomez; Ramon Sanchez-Iborra (2017). "Experimental comparison of LoRa and FSK as IoT-communication-enabling modulations". IEEE Global Communications Conference (Globecom'17). doi:10.1109/GLOCOM.2017.8254530.
9. ↑ "SIGFOX Technology". https://www.sigfox.com/en/#!/technology.
10. ↑ "Weightless-N - Weightless". http://www.weightless.org/about/weightlessn.
11. ↑ "What is NB-Fi Protocol – WAVIoT LPWAN" (in en-US). https://waviot.com/technology/what-is-nb-fi.
12. ↑ "Framework Details". http://haystacktechnologies.com/products-and-services/framework-details/.
13. ↑ Flynn, Kevin. "Evolution of LTE in Release 13". https://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/1628-rel13.
14. ↑ "LTE-M, NB-LTE-M, & NB-IOT: Three 3GPP IoT Technologies To Get Familiar With" (in en-US). https://www.link-labs.com/lte-iot-technologies/.
15. ↑ Freeman, Mike (2015-09-08). "On-Ramp Wireless becomes Ingenu, launches nationwide IoT network". The San Diego Union-Tribune. http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2015/sep/09/on-ramp-verizon-ingenu-internet-of-things-ATT/.
16. ↑ "Ingenu Launches the US's Newest IoT Network". Light Reading. http://www.lightreading.com/iot/m2m-platforms/ingenu-launches-the-uss-newest-iot-network-/d/d-id/718087.
17. ↑ John, Jeff St (2013-02-01). "GE Dives Into AMI Fray With On-Ramp Wireless : Greentech Media". http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/ge-dives-into-ami-fray-with-on-ramp-wireless.
18. ↑ "Wi-SUN Alliance". 2018-08-15. https://www.wi-sun.org/.

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