List of open-source computing hardware

Short description: Wikipedia list article

## Contents

* 1 Partially open-source hardware
* 1.1 Computers
* 1.1.1 Single-board computers
* 1.1.1.1 ARM
* 1.1.1.2 ATMega
* 1.1.1.3 Motorola 68000 series
* 1.1.1.4 National Semiconductor NS320xx series
* 1.1.1.5 RISC-V
* 1.1.2 Notebook computers
* 1.1.3 Handhelds, palmtops, and smartphones
* 2 Fully open-source hardware
* 2.1 Microcontrollers
* 2.2 Components
* 2.2.1 CPUs
* 3 Related
* 3.1 Instruction sets
* 3.2 Organisations
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

Open-source computing hardware comprises computers and computer components with an open design. They are designed as open-source hardware using open-source principles.

## Partially open-source hardware

Hardware that uses closed source components

### Computers

#### Single-board computers

* Tinkerforge RED Brick, executes user programs and controls other Bricks/Bricklets standalone

##### ARM

* Banana Pi, uses low-power processors with an ARM core; runs Linux, Android, and OpenWRT
* BeagleBoard, uses low-power Texas Instruments processors with an ARM Cortex-A8 core; runs Ångström distribution (Linux)
* IGEPv2, an ARM OMAP 3-based board designed and manufactured by ISEE in Spain. Its expansion boards are also open-source.
* OLinuXino, designed with KiCad by OLIMEX Ltd in Bulgaria[1]
* PandaBoard, a variation of the BeagleBoard
* Rascal, an ARM based Linux board that works with Arduino shields, with a web server that includes an editor for users to program it in Python. Hardware design files released under the Creative Commons BY-SA license.
* 96Boards (Includes but not limited to, DragonBoard 410c, HiKey, HiKey960, Bubblegum-96 and more...)
* Parallella single board computer with a manycore coprocessor and field-programmable gate array (FPGA)

##### ATMega

* Arduino – open-source microcontroller board

##### Motorola 68000 series

* Minimig – a re-implementation of an Amiga 500 using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA).

##### National Semiconductor NS320xx series

* PC532, a personal computer design released in 1990, based on the NS32532 microprocessor

##### RISC-V

* HiFive1 is an Arduino-compatible development kit featuring the Freedom E310, the industry's first commercially available RISC-V SoC[2]
* HiFive Unleashed is a Linux development platform for SiFive’s Freedom U540 SoC, the world’s first 4+1 64-bit multi-core Linux-capable RISC-V SoC."[3]
* HiFive Unmatched is a mini-ITX motherboard that features "a SiFive FU740 processor coupled with 8 GB DDR4 memory and 32 MB SPI Flash. It comes with a 4x USB 3.2 ports and a 16x PCIe expansion slot."[4]

#### Notebook computers

* Novena, a notebook computer that uses a 1.2 GHz quad-core Freescale processor closely coupled with a Xilinx FPGA[5][6][7][8]
* VIA OpenBook, a netbook case design released by VIA Technologies

#### Handhelds, palmtops, and smartphones

* Ben NanoNote, a palmtop PC based on the MIPS architecture
* Openmoko, a smartphone containing a single-board computer equipped with a GSM/UMTS modem
* Simputer, a handheld computer released in 2002

## Fully open-source hardware

Hardware that has no closed source dependencies

### Microcontrollers

* Freeduino – an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple I/O board and a development environment that implements the open source Processing / Wiring language. Also clones of this platform including Freeduino.
* Tinkerforge – a platform comprising stackable microcontrollers for interfacing with sensors and other I/O devices.

### Components

* Ethernut, embedded Ethernet adapters
* IOIO, a board that allows Android applications to interface with external electronics
* PLAICE, a device that combines a flash memory programmer, in-circuit emulation, and a multichannel logic analyzer. It runs uClinux.
* Tinkerforge, a platform comprising stackable microcontrollers for interfacing with sensors and other I/O devices
* Twibrigh RONJA, a 10 Mbit/s full duplex FSO wireless optical network adapter from 2001[9]

#### CPUs

* Amber is an ARM-compatible 32-bit RISC processor. Amber implements the ARMv2 instruction set.
* LEON, a 32-bit, SPARC-like CPU created by the European Space Agency
* OpenPOWER, based on IBM's POWER8 and newer multicore processor designs
* OpenSPARC, a series of open-source microprocessors based on the UltraSPARC T1 and UltraSPARC T2 multicore processor designs
* Parallax P8X32A Propeller is a multicore microcontroller with an emphasis on general-purpose use
* ZPU, a small, portable CPU core with a GCC toolchain. It is designed to be compiled targeting FPGA[10]
* Zet (hardware), x86 implementation on programmable logic
* OpenRISC 1200, an implementation of the open source OpenRISC 1000 RISC architecture

## Related

### Instruction sets

* J-Core, an implementation of the SuperH with some extensions[11][12]
* MIPS [citation needed]
* Power, which originated from IBM's POWER ISA
* RISC-V, a RISC ISA that originated in 2010 at the University of California, Berkeley
* SPARC

### Organisations

* Bug Labs, a US technology company that began by developing and selling open-source hardware peripherals for rapid prototyping of electronics
* LowRISC, a non-profit organization that aims to develop open hardware
* M-Labs, developers of the Milkymist system on a chip
* Open Compute Project, an organization for sharing designs of data center products among companies
* Open Graphics Project, a project that aims to design a standard open architecture for graphics cards
* OpenCores, a loose community of designers that supports open-source cores (logic designs) for CPUs, peripherals and other devices. OpenCores maintains an open-source on-chip interconnection bus specification called Wishbone
* OpenRISC is a group of developers working to produce a very-high-performance open-source RISC CPU.

## See also

* Open-source hardware
* List of open-source hardware projects
* Open-source robotics
* Modular smartphone
* Open Source Ecology
* Telecom Infra Project

## References

1. ↑ Katherine Noyes. "Tiny $57 PC is like the Raspberry Pi, but faster and fully open". PCWorld. 2012.
2. ↑ "HiFive1: Open Source, Arduino-Compatible RISC-V Dev Kit". https://www.crowdsupply.com/sifive/hifive1.
3. ↑ "SiFive HiFive Unleashed Getting Started Guide". SiFive, Inc.. https://static.dev.sifive.com/HiFive-Unleashed-Getting-Started-Guide-v1p1.pdf. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
4. ↑ "SiFive launches HiFive Unmatched mini-ITX motherboard for RISC-V PC’s". cnx-software. https://www.cnx-software.com/2020/10/30/sifive-launches-hifive-unmatched-mini-itx-motherboard-for-risc-v-pcs/. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
5. ↑ "Novena". Crowd Supply. https://www.crowdsupply.com/kosagi/novena-open-laptop.
6. ↑ "The Almost Completely Open Source Laptop Goes on Sale". 2 April 2014. https://www.wired.com/2014/04/novena/.
7. ↑ "Novena Helps Hackers Build Their Own Laptop". http://blog.laptopmag.com/novena-open-source-laptop.
8. ↑ Holbrook, Stett (April 2, 2014). "The World’s First Open Source Laptop Makes Its Debut". http://makezine.com/2014/04/02/the-worlds-first-open-source-laptop-makes-its-debut/.
9. ↑ "Twibright Labs - Ronja". http://ronja.twibright.com.
10. ↑ "ZPU - the worlds [sic smallest 32 bit CPU with GCC toolchain :: Overview"]. OpenCores. http://opencores.org/project,zpu.
11. ↑ "J-Core Open Processor". http://j-core.org/. Retrieved Jun 19, 2016.
12. ↑ "j-core Design Walkthrough". Embedded Linux Conference. San Diego. 6 April 2016. http://j-core.org/talks/ELC-2016.pdf. Retrieved Jun 19, 2016.

## External links

* h-node, a hardware database compiled by the FSF to identify devices that work with a fully free operating system

* v
* t
* e

Embedded systems

General terms|

* ASIC
* Board support package
* Bootloader
* Consumer electronics
* Cross compiler
* Embedded database
* Embedded hypervisor
* Embedded OS
* Embedded software
* FPGA
* IoT
* Memory footprint
* Microcontroller
* Single-board computer
* Raspberry Pi
* SoC

Firmware and controls|

* Closed platform
* Crippleware
* Custom firmware
* Defective by Design
* Hacking of consumer electronics
* Homebrew (video games)
* iOS jailbreaking
* PlayStation 3 Jailbreak
* Proprietary firmware
* Rooting (Android)
* Vendor lock-in

Software libraries|

* uClibc
* dietlibc
* Embedded GLIBC
* lwIP
* musl

Programming tools|

* Almquist shell
* Bitbake
* Buildroot
* BusyBox
* OpenEmbedded
* Stand-alone shell
* Toybox
* Yocto Project

Operating systems|

* Linux on embedded systems
* Linux for mobile devices
* Light-weight Linux distribution
* Real-time operating system
* Windows IoT
* Win CE

Programming languages|

* Ada
* Assembly language
* CAPL
* Embedded C
* Embedded C++
* Embedded Java
* MISRA C

* Lightweight browsers
* Open-source computing hardware
* Open-source robotics

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