Brazilian hemorrhagic fever

Short description: Infectious disease caused by Brazilian mammarenavirus

Brazilian hemorrhagic fever

Specialty| Infectious disease
Brazilian mammarenavirus

Virus classification
(unranked):  | Virus
Realm:  | Riboviria
Kingdom:  | Orthornavirae
Phylum:  | Negarnaviricota
Class:  | Ellioviricetes
Order:  | Bunyavirales
Family:  | Arenaviridae
Genus:  | Mammarenavirus
Species:  |

Brazilian mammarenavirus

Synonyms

* Sabiá mammarenavirus[1]
* Sabiá virus[2]
* SPH 114202 virus[3]

Brazilian hemorrhagic fever (BzHF) is an infectious disease caused by Brazilian mammarenavirus, an arenavirus.[4] Brazilian mammarenavirus is one of the arenaviruses from South America to cause hemorrhagic fever.[5] It shares a common progenitor with Argentinian mammarenavirus, Machupo mammarenavirus, Tacaribe mammarenavirus, and Guanarito mammarenavirus.[5] It is an enveloped RNA virus and is highly infectious and lethal.[6] Very little is known about this disease, but it is thought to be transmitted by the excreta of rodents.[4][6] This virus has also been implicated as a means for bioterrorism, as it can be spread through aerosols.[7]

As of 2019, there had only been four documented infections of Brazilian mammarenavirus: two occurred naturally, and the other two cases occurred in the clinical setting.[8] The first naturally occurring case was in 1990, when a female agricultural engineer who was staying in the neighborhood of Jardim Sabiá in the municipality of Cotia, a suburb of São Paulo, Brazil contracted the disease (The virus is also known as "Sabiá Virus").[9] She presented with hemorrhagic fever and died.[4] Her autopsy showed liver necrosis.[4] A virologist who was studying the woman's disease contracted the virus but survived.[4] Ribavirin was not given in these first two cases.[4] Four years later, in 1994, a researcher was exposed to the virus in a level 3 biohazard facility at Yale University when a centrifuge bottle cracked, leaked, and released aerosolized virus particles.[4][10] He was successfully treated with ribavirin.[4][11]

A fifth case, also naturally acquired in upstate São Paulo, was reported in January 2020.[12] The patient died 12 days after the onset of symptoms.[13]

## Treatment

Ribavirin is thought to be effective in treating the illness, similar to other arenaviruses.[4][11] Compared to the patients who did not receive ribavirin, the patient who was treated with it had a shorter and less severe clinical course.[4] Symptomatic control such as fluids to address dehydration and bleeding may also be required.[11]

Brazilian mammarenavirus is a biosafety Level 4 pathogen.[6]

## References

1. ↑ Siddell, Stuart (April 2017). "Change the names of 43 virus species to accord with ICVCN Code, Section 3-II, Rule 3.13 regarding the use of ligatures, diacritical marks, punctuation marks (excluding hyphens), subscripts, superscripts, oblique bars and non-Latin letters in taxon names." (in en) (ZIP). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2017.001G.A.v2.43spren.zip.
2. ↑ Buchmeier, Michael J. (2 July 2014). "Rename one (1) genus and twenty-five (25) species in the family Arenaviridae" (in en). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2014.012aV.A.v3.Arenavirus_ren.pdf. "Sabiá virus Sabiá mammarenavirus Sabiá virus"
3. ↑ ICTV 7th Report van Regenmortel, M.H.V., Fauquet, C.M., Bishop, D.H.L., Carstens, E.B., Estes, M.K., Lemon, S.M., Maniloff, J., Mayo, M.A., McGeoch, D.J., Pringle, C.R. and Wickner, R.B. (2000). Virus taxonomy. Seventh report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Academic Press, San Diego. p638 https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ICTV 7th Report.pdf
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Barry, M.; Russi, M.; Armstrong, L.; Geller, D.; Tesh, R.; Dembry, L.; Gonzalez, J. P.; Khan, A. S. et al. (1995). "Treatment of a Laboratory-Acquired Sabiá Virus Infection". N Engl J Med 333 (5): 317–318. doi:10.1056/NEJM199508033330505. PMID 7596373.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 GONZALEZ, JEAN PAUL J. (1996). "Genetic Characterization and Phylogeny of Sabiá Virus, an Emergent Pathogen in Brazil". Virology 221 (2): 318–324. doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0381. PMID 8661442.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "NRT Quick Reference Guide: Brazilian Hemorrhagic Fever (BzHF)". http://www.nrt.org/production/NRT/NRTWeb.nsf/AllAttachmentsByTitle/A-1009WMDQRGBHF/$File/07BrazilianHemorrhagicFever(BzHF)QRG.pdf?OpenElement.
7. ↑ "Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers and Bioterrorism". http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/acd/bioterrorism/backvhf.pdf.
8. ↑ "Keeping track of hidden dangers - The short history of the Sabiá virus". Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 50 (1): 3–8. 2017. doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0330-2016. PMID 28327796.
9. ↑ "Vírus que causa febre hemorrágica foi registrada pela primeira vez em Cotia nos anos 90". https://www.cotiaecia.com.br/2020/01/virus-que-causa-febre-hemorragica-foi.html.
10. ↑ Gandsman, E. J.; Aaslestad, H. G.; Ouimet, T. C.; Rupp, W. D. (1997). "Sabia virus incident at Yale University". American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 58 (1): 51–3. doi:10.1080/15428119791013080. PMID 9018837.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Sabia Virus". http://www.stanford.edu/group/virus/arena/2005/SabiaVirus.htm.
12. ↑ "Arenavírus: caso confirmado de febre hemorrágica no estado de São Paulo". Ministério da Saúde. http://saude.gov.br/noticias/agencia-saude/46207-nota-informativa-arenavirus-caso-confirmado-de-febre-hemorragica-no-estado-de-sao-paulo.
13. ↑ [No authors listed]. "Identificação de um caso de febre hemorrágica brasileira no estado de São Paulo, janeiro de 2020". Boletim Epidemiológico 51 (3): 1–8. http://portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/janeiro/20/Boletim-epidemiologico-SVS-03.pdf. Retrieved 2020-01-20.

## External links

Classification|

* ICD-10: A96.8

|

* v
* t
* e

Zoonotic viral disease]]s (A80–B34, 042–079)

Arthropod-borne|

| Mosquito-borne|

| Bunyavirales|

* Arbovirus encephalitides: La Crosse encephalitis
* LACV
* Batai virus
* BATV
* Bwamba Fever
* BWAV
* California encephalitis
* CEV
* Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
* Tete virus
* Tahyna virus
* TAHV

* Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Rift Valley fever
* RVFV
* Bunyamwera fever
* BUNV
* Ngari virus
* NRIV

|

Flaviviridae|

* Arbovirus encephalitides: Japanese encephalitis
* JEV
* Australian encephalitis
* MVEV
* KUNV
* Saint Louis encephalitis
* SLEV
* Usutu virus
* West Nile fever
* WNV

* Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Dengue fever
* DENV-1-4
* Yellow fever
* YFV
* Zika fever
* Zika virus

Togaviridae|

* Arbovirus encephalitides: Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
* EEEV
* Western equine encephalomyelitis
* WEEV
* Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
* VEEV
* Chikungunya
* CHIKV
* O'nyong'nyong fever
* ONNV
* Pogosta disease
* Sindbis virus
* Ross River fever
* RRV
* Semliki Forest virus

Reoviridae|

* Banna virus encephalitis

Tick-borne|

| Bunyavirales|

* Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Bhanja virus
* Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHFV)
* Heartland virus
* Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (Huaiyangshan banyangvirus)
* Tete virus

|

Flaviviridae|

* Arbovirus encephalitides: Tick-borne encephalitis
* TBEV
* Powassan encephalitis
* POWV
* Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Omsk hemorrhagic fever
* OHFV
* Kyasanur Forest disease
* KFDV
* AHFV
* Langat virus
* LGTV

Orthomyxoviridae|

* Bourbon virus

Reoviridae|

* Colorado tick fever
* CTFV
* Kemerovo tickborne viral fever

Sandfly-borne|

| Bunyavirales|

* Adria virus (ADRV)
* Oropouche fever
* Oropouche virus
* Pappataci fever
* Toscana virus
* Sandfly fever Naples virus

|

Rhabdoviridae|

* Chandipura virus

Mammal-borne|

| Rodent-borne|

| Arenaviridae|

* Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Lassa fever
* LASV
* Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
* GTOV
* Argentine hemorrhagic fever
* JUNV
* Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
* SABV
* Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
* MACV
* LUJV
* CHPV

|

Bunyavirales|

* Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
* DOBV
* HTNV
* PUUV
* SEOV
* AMRV
* Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
* ANDV
* SNV

Bat-borne|

| Filoviridae|

* Viral hemorrhagic fevers: Ebola virus disease
* BDBV
* EBOV
* SUDV
* TAFV
* Marburg virus disease
* MARV
* RAVV

|

Rhabdoviridae|

* Rabies
* ABLV
* MOKV
* DUVV
* LBV
* CHPV

Paramyxoviridae|

* Henipavirus encephalitis
* HeV
* NiV

Primate-borne|

| Herpesviridae|

* Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1

|

Retroviridae|

* Simian foamy virus
* HTLV-1
* HTLV-2

Poxviridae|

* Tanapox
* Yaba monkey tumor virus

Multiple vectors|

| Rhabdoviridae|

* Rabies
* RABV
* Mokola virus

|

Poxviridae|

* Monkeypox

Wikidata ☰ Q51929772 entry

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