Corneal ectatic disorders

Short description: Group of eye disorders

Corneal ectatic disorders or corneal ectasia are a group of uncommon, noninflammatory, eye disorders characterised by bilateral thinning of the central, paracentral, or peripheral cornea.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Types
* 2 Diagnosis
* 3 Treatment
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Types

* Keratoconus, a progressive, noninflammatory, bilateral, asymmetric disease, characterized by paraxial stromal thinning and weakening that leads to corneal surface distortion.[2]
* Keratoglobus, a rare noninflammatory corneal thinning disorder, characterised by generalised thinning and globular protrusion of the cornea.[3]
* Pellucid marginal degeneration, a bilateral, noninflammatory disorder, characterized by a peripheral band of thinning of the inferior cornea.[4]
* Posterior keratoconus, a rare condition, usually congenital, which causes a nonprogressive thinning of the inner surface of the cornea, while the curvature of the anterior surface remains normal. Usually only a single eye is affected.[citation needed]
* Post-LASIK ectasia, a complication of LASIK eye surgery.[5]
* Terrien's marginal degeneration, a painless, noninflammatory, unilateral or asymmetrically bilateral, slowly progressive thinning of the peripheral corneal stroma.[6]

## Diagnosis

Usually diagnosed clinically by several clinical tests. Although some investigations might needed for confirming the diagnosis and to differentiate different types of corneal ectatic diseases.[citation needed]

* Corneal topography
* Corneal tomography

## Treatment

Treatment options include contact lenses and intrastromal corneal ring segments for correcting refractive errors caused by irregular corneal surface,[7][8] corneal collagen cross-linking to strengthen a weak and ectatic cornea,[9] or corneal transplant for advanced cases.

## References

1. ↑ "Corneal ectatic disorders (keratoconus and pellucid marginal degeneration)". American Academy of Ophthalmology. http://one.aao.org/bcscsnippetdetail.aspx?id=509158fd-490f-432f-bdce-55b4f31b100e.
2. ↑ Weissman, Barry A; Yeung, Karen K (2019-05-30). Keratoconus. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1194693-overview#showall.
3. ↑ Wallang, B S; Das, S (28 June 2013). "Keratoglobus". Eye 27 (9): 1004–1012. doi:10.1038/eye.2013.130. PMID 23807384.
4. ↑ Rasheed, Karim; Rabinowitz, Yaron (2018-12-24). Pellucid Marginal Degeneration. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1196382-overview#showall.
5. ↑ "Ectasia After LASIK". American Academy of Ophthalmology. http://eyewiki.aao.org/Ectasia_After_LASIK.
6. ↑ "Terrien marginal degeneration". American Academy of Ophthalmology. http://one.aao.org/bcscsnippetdetail.aspx?id=2a425fcf-a3b3-47b6-acf8-643b6a9f7f93.
7. ↑ Marsack, Jason D.; Parker, Katrina E.; Applegate, Raymond A. (December 2008). "Performance of Wavefront-Guided Soft Lenses in Three Keratoconus Subjects". Optometry and Vision Science 85 (12): E1172–E1178. doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e31818e8eaa. PMID 19050464.
8. ↑ Marsack, JD; Parker, KE; Niu, Y; Pesudovs, K; Applegate, RA (November 2007). "On-eye performance of custom wavefront-guided soft contact lenses in a habitual soft lens-wearing keratoconic patient.". Journal of Refractive Surgery 23 (9): 960–4. doi:10.3928/1081-597x-20071101-18. PMID 18041254.
9. ↑ Avni-Zauberman, N; Rootman, DS (November 2014). "Cross-linking and intracorneal ring segments--review of the literature.". Eye & Contact Lens 40 (6): 365–70. doi:10.1097/icl.0000000000000091. PMID 25320956.

## External links

* International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases

* v
* t
* e

* Diseases of the human eye (H00–H59
* 360–379)

Adnexa

| Eyelid|

| Inflammation|

* Stye
* Chalazion
* Blepharitis

|

* Entropion
* Ectropion
* Lagophthalmos
* Blepharochalasis
* Ptosis
* Blepharophimosis
* Xanthelasma

Eyelash|

* Trichiasis
* Madarosis

Lacrimal apparatus|

* Dacryoadenitis
* Epiphora
* Dacryocystitis
* Xerophthalmia

Orbit|

* Exophthalmos
* Enophthalmos
* Orbital cellulitis
* Orbital lymphoma
* Periorbital cellulitis

Conjunctiva|

* Conjunctivitis
* allergic
* Pterygium
* Pinguecula
* Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Globe

| Fibrous tunic|

| Sclera|

* Scleritis
* Episcleritis

|

Cornea|

* Keratitis
* herpetic
* acanthamoebic
* fungal
* Corneal ulcer
* Photokeratitis
* Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy
* Corneal dystrophy
* Fuchs'
* Meesmann
* Corneal ectasia
* Keratoconus
* Pellucid marginal degeneration
* Keratoglobus
* Terrien's marginal degeneration
* Post-LASIK ectasia
* Keratoconjunctivitis
* sicca
* Corneal neovascularization
* Kayser–Fleischer ring
* Haab's striae
* Arcus senilis
* Band keratopathy

Vascular tunic|

* Iris
* Ciliary body

* Uveitis
* Intermediate uveitis
* Hyphema
* Rubeosis iridis
* Persistent pupillary membrane
* Iridodialysis
* Synechia

|

Choroid|

* Choroideremia
* Choroiditis
* Chorioretinitis

Lens|

* Cataract
* Congenital cataract
* Childhood cataract
* Aphakia
* Ectopia lentis

Retina|

* Retinitis
* Chorioretinitis
* Cytomegalovirus retinitis
* Retinal detachment
* Retinoschisis
* Ocular ischemic syndrome / Central retinal vein occlusion
* Central retinal artery occlusion
* Branch retinal artery occlusion
* Retinopathy
* diabetic
* hypertensive
* Purtscher's
* of prematurity
* Bietti's crystalline dystrophy
* Coats' disease
* Macular degeneration
* Retinitis pigmentosa
* Retinal haemorrhage
* Central serous retinopathy
* Macular edema
* Epiretinal membrane (Macular pucker)
* Vitelliform macular dystrophy
* Leber's congenital amaurosis
* Birdshot chorioretinopathy

Other|

* Glaucoma / Ocular hypertension / Primary juvenile glaucoma
* Floater
* Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
* Red eye
* Globe rupture
* Keratomycosis
* Phthisis bulbi
* Persistent fetal vasculature / Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous
* Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis
* Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy

Pathways

| Optic nerve
Optic disc|

* Optic neuritis
* optic papillitis
* Papilledema
* Foster Kennedy syndrome
* Optic atrophy
* Optic disc drusen

Optic neuropathy|

* Ischemic
* anterior (AION)
* posterior (PION)
* Kjer's
* Leber's hereditary
* Toxic and nutritional

Strabismus
Extraocular muscles
Binocular vision
Accommodation|

| Paralytic strabismus|

* Ophthalmoparesis
* Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
* Kearns–Sayre syndrome

palsies|

* Oculomotor (III)
* Fourth-nerve (IV)
* Sixth-nerve (VI)

Other strabismus|

* Esotropia / Exotropia
* Hypertropia
* Heterophoria
* Esophoria
* Exophoria
* Cyclotropia
* Brown's syndrome
* Duane syndrome

Other binocular|

* Conjugate gaze palsy
* Convergence insufficiency
* Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
* One and a half syndrome

Refraction|

* Refractive error
* Hyperopia
* Myopia
* Astigmatism
* Anisometropia / Aniseikonia
* Presbyopia

Vision disorders
Blindness|

* Amblyopia
* Leber's congenital amaurosis
* Diplopia
* Scotoma
* Color blindness
* Achromatopsia
* Dichromacy
* Monochromacy
* Nyctalopia
* Oguchi disease
* Blindness / Vision loss / Visual impairment

Anopsia|

* Hemianopsia
* binasal
* bitemporal
* homonymous
* Quadrantanopia

subjective|

* Asthenopia
* Hemeralopia
* Photophobia
* Scintillating scotoma

Pupil|

* Anisocoria
* Argyll Robertson pupil
* Marcus Gunn pupil
* Adie syndrome
* Miosis
* Mydriasis
* Cycloplegia
* Parinaud's syndrome

Other|

* Nystagmus
* Childhood blindness

Infections

* Trachoma
* Onchocerciasis

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