Dengue pandemic in Sri Lanka

Map of confirmed cases

Disease| Dengue fever
Virus strain| Dengue virus
Location| Sri Lanka
Date| 1989 (1989) – present
(Template:Age in years, months, weeks and days)
Confirmed cases|  31,162 (2020)[1]

Deaths

|  35 (2020)[1][2]
Fatality rate|  0.11% (2020)[1]
Government website
www.epid.gov.lk

The Dengue pandemic in Sri Lanka is part of the tropical disease Dengue fever pandemic. Dengue fever caused by Dengue virus. first recorded since 1960s. It's not native disease in this Island. Present day dengue has become a major public health problem. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus both mosquito species native in Sri Lanka. But never found this disease early 1960s.[3] First dengue outbreak confirmed in 1962. Following a Chikungunya outbreak in 1965. Early 1970s two type dominated in Sri Lanka. DENV-1 type1 and DENV-2 type 2. 51 cases and 15 deaths reported in 1965–1968. From 1989 onward, Dengue fever has become endemic in Sri Lanka.[4]

## Contents

* 1 Status of outbreak
* 2 History
* 3 Background
* 4 See also
* 5 References

## Status of outbreak

Dengue Cases by Month and Year[5] Month  | 2021  | 2020  | 2019  | 2018  | 2017  | 2016  | 2015  | 2014  | 2013  | 2012

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January  | 1,496  | 11,608  | 5,580  | 7,278  | 10,927  | 6,694  | 6,345  | 3,610  | 3,462  | 3,986
February  | 1,794  | 5,368  | 3,736  | 4,490  | 8,724  | 4,439  | 3,731  | 2,011  | 3,258  | 3,145
March  | 849  | 1,683  | 3,832  | 3,380  | 13,540  | 2,696  | 1,962  | 1,648  | 2,996  | 2,628
April  | 1,702  | 511  | 2,970  | 2,618  | 12,510  | 2,832  | 1,293  | 1,682  | 2,109  | 2,028
May  | 137  | 1,548  | 4,260  | 3,560  | 15,936  | 2,422  | 1,625  | 4,292  | 2,614  | 2,550
June  |  | 2,252  | 6,019  | 5,513  | 25,319  | 4,731  | 1,477  | 6,736  | 2,427  | 5,955
July  |  | 2,288  | 8,897  | 6,455  | 41,121  | 10,715  | 2,125  | 5,721  | 2,924  | 5,193
August  |  | 1,559  | 9,546  | 4,293  | 22,270  | 4,873  | 1,604  | 4,022  | 3,282  | 5,266
September  |  | 1,209  | 7,307  | 2,049  | 9,519  | 3,629  | 1,099  | 2,640  | 1,912  | 2,857
October  |  | 1,028  | 11,573  | 1,905  | 6,614  | 2,185  | 2,066  | 4,297  | 1,636  | 3,181
November  |  | 779  | 21,769  | 4,537  | 8,868  | 2,257  | 2,762  | 5,452  | 2,611  | 4,034
December  |  | 1,318  | 19,560  | 5,581  | 10,753  | 7,677  | 3,688  | 5,91  | 2,832  | 3,638
Total | 6,389 | 31,162 | 105,049 | 51,659 | 186,101 | 55,150 | 29,777 | 47,502 | 32,063 | 44,461
Dengue cases by region  Region  | Cases

|

Provinces  | Districts  | 2021  | 2020
Template:Country data Western Province, Sri LankaWestern  | Colombo  | 1,027  | 4,257
Gampaha  | 525  | 2,666
Kalutara  | 346  | 1,810
Total | 1,898 | 8,733
Template:Country data Central Province, Sri LankaCentral  | Kandy  | 252  | 3,443
Matale  | 34  | 595
Nuwara Eliya  | 23  | 168
Total | 309 | 4,206
Template:Country data Southern Province, Sri LankaSouthern  | Galle  | 90  | 1,671
Matara  | 147  | 545
Hambantota  | 126  | 368
Total | 363 | 2,584
Template:Country data North Western Province, Sri LankaNorth Western  | Kurunegala  | 382  | 969
Puttalam  | 165  | 500
Total | 547 | 1,469
Template:Country data Sabaragamuwa ProvinceSabaragamuwa  | Kegalle  | 173  | 865
Ratnapura  | 211  | 2,014
Total | 384 | 2,879
Template:Country data Eastern Province, Sri LankaEastern  | Trincomalee  | 80  | 2,296
Batticaloa  | 2,818  | 3,717
Ampara  | 134  | 1,298
Total | 3,032 | 5,015
Template:Country data North Central Province, Sri LankaNorth Central  | Anuradhapura  | 55  | 433
Polonnaruwa  | 23  | 251
Total | 78 | 684
Template:Country data Northern Province, Sri LankaNorthern  | Jaffna  | 94  | 2,157
Kilinochchi  | 20  | 135
Mannar  | 19  | 137
Mullaitivu  | 3  | 90
Vavuniya  | 24  | 252
Total | 160 | 2,771
Template:Country data Uva ProvinceUva  | Badulla  | 31  | 525
Monaragala  | 39  | 0
Total | 70 | 525

## History

Dengue outbreak start Sri Lanka since 1960s, Ministry of Health officially confirmed in 1962. However, unofficial British Ceylon clinical studies recorded in Sri Lanka from early 20th century. But World Health Organization officially confirmed in 1965. First outbreak start five years after officially confirmed. First outbreak associated with DEN types 1 and 2, with 51 cases of 15 deaths in between 1965 to 1968. Since 1989 Dengue become a major problem in Sri Lanka. Thereafter, from 1970 to 1990, multiple outbreak with endemic was reported in Western Province. urban areas. In 1990 dengue cases rise 1,350 of54 deaths. Early 90s, annually dengue cases reported up to 1,000. In 2002 recorded the largest outbreak in the recent past with 8,931 cases and 64 deaths. The following years 2003, was one of the relatively low endemicity with only 4,749 suspected cases and 32 deaths reported. In 2004 there were 15,463 suspected cases and 88 deaths reported to the Epidemiological Unit of the Ministry of Health. During the year 2005, 5,211 cases of suspected cases of DF/DHF and 26 deaths were reported to the Epidemiological unit. [6]

Most dengue cases reported dominated in Western Province. Outbreaks from 2005-2008 were attributed to a new mutation DEN type 3. Almost all the districts in Sri Lanka have reported cases and posed a threat to the health of the people. Colombo, Gampaha, Kalutara and Kandy districts have recorded highest number of cases.[7]

## Background

Sri Lanka is a tropical and warm country. Mean temperatures range from 28 °C. The rainfall pattern is influenced by monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal. Average rain at 800 to 1,200 mm per year. Average humidity from 75% during different seasons and in the different regions of the country. Tropical region humidity range from 75%-90%. Sri Lanka is a tropical country with two monsoons, the northeast monsoon (December to March) and the southwest monsoon (May to September). Two annual peaks have been identified in the occurrence of dengue cases in the country in association with the monsoon rain.[8]

## See also

* Dengue fever
* Mosquito-borne disease
* Tropical disease

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Epidemiology Unit". Ministry of Health (Sri Lanka). http://www.epid.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_casesanddeaths&Itemid=448&lang=en.
2. ↑ "Govt. calls for public vigilance as dengue death toll reaches 20". Daily FT (Wijeya Newspapers). http://www.ft.lk/news/Govt-calls-for-public-vigilance-as-dengue-death-toll-reaches-20/56-700807.
3. ↑ Sirisena, P.D.N.N.; Noordeen, F. (2014-02-01). "Evolution of dengue in Sri Lanka—changes in the virus, vector, and climate" (in en). International Journal of Infectious Diseases 19: 6–12. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2013.10.012. ISSN 1201-9712. PMID 24334026.
4. ↑ Historical Account of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever in Sri Lanka (1997). "Historical of Dengue Fever in Sri Lanka". World Health Organization 21: 1. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/148517/dbv21p117.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
5. ↑ "Trends". http://www.epid.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_casesanddeaths&Itemid=448&lang=en#.
6. ↑ Tissa Vitarana, W S Jayakuru, and Nalini Withane (1997). "Historical Account of Dengue Fever in Sri Lanka". https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/148517/dbv21p117.pdf?sequence=1#:~:text=Clinical dengue- like illness has,deaths in the period 19651968..
7. ↑ Tissera, Hasitha A.; Jayamanne, Bernard D. W.; Raut, Rajendra; Janaki, Sakunthala M. D.; Tozan, Yesim; Samaraweera, Preshila C.; Liyanage, Prasad; Ghouse, Azhar et al. (2020). "Severe Dengue Epidemic, Sri Lanka, 2017 - Volume 26, Number 4—April 2020 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC" (in en-us). Emerging Infectious Diseases 26 (4): 682–691. doi:10.3201/eid2604.190435. PMID 32186490.
8. ↑ Survey Department of Sri Lanka (2012). "National Atlas of Sri Lanka". National Atlas of Sri Lanka 2012, 2nd Edition.

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