Instruments used in pathology

Instruments used specially in pathology are as follows: [1][2][3]

## Instrument list

Instrument | Uses

|

Flow cytometer | used for automated cell counting as in total blood count, differential count, etc.
Tissue bath or organ bath or Dale's apparatus | used in full tissue experiments, for example using guinea pig ileum mainly used in pharmacology for application of drugs to these tissues.
Sahli Haemoglobinometer | an old but rapid and simple method of hemoglobin estimation in the laboratories. Presently used in some places where sophisticated optical instruments are not available
Haemocytometer | a microscope associated apparatus used for manual counting of cells in body fluids like blood, etc. including for sperm count
Wintrobe's tube | used for ESR (Wintrobe's method), PCV, haematocrit, etc.
Westergren's tube and ESR stand | used for ESR (Westergren's method)
Disposable plastic molds or embedding molds (Leukart's L blocks) for tissue paraffin block making w.r.t. Histopathology | used to make blocks of tissue for cutting into thin slices for microscopy
Block holders (in histopathology) | used to hold the tissue blocks during cutting
•Refrigerated microtome (cryostat) | -do-; a special type that is used during operations to aid the surgeon in demarcating the diseased (specially neoplasms) tissue.
•Rocking microtome | -do-; a special type
•Base sledge microtome | -do-; a special type
•Ultra microtome | -do-; a special type
Tissue section floating baths (in histopathology) | used to spread the cut thin slices onto water using surface tension from where it is placed onto glass slides
Ryle's tube or nasogastric tube | used for nasogastric suction (or at times introduction of food or drugs). video link
FNAC needles | used for fine needle aspiration of material from inside the body; used for diagnostic examinations of the cells hence obtained; video link
Trephine biopsy needle[4] | used for taking a biopsy from a deep hard tissue like bone marrow (within a hard bone)
Spirometer | used to test lung function; video link
•Water-seal type | -do-
•Douglas bag type | -do-
Peak flow meter or peak expiatory flow rate meter | used to test lung function by testing the rate at which the person can exhale; useful to diagnose COPD and asthma
Mercury or other manometers | used to measure pressure of a fluid within a cavity like the spinal canal, which is raised in certain diseases
Electrocardiogra  |
Urinometer  | Estimation of specific gravity of urine.
Esbach's Albuminometer  | Quantitative analysis of albumin in urine sample.

## Gallery

* A hemocytometer

* Spinal needles

* Marrow puncture

* Bone marrow biopsy needle

* Rotary microtome

* Electrical microtome

* Base sledge microtome

* Hypodermic needle

* Intravenous cannula

* Peak flow meter

* Blood pressure monitor

* Flexible endoscope

* Urinometer

## References

1. ↑ Essentials of medical physiology by Dr. Arun Baran Singha Mahapatra, ISBN 81-86793-56-9
2. ↑ Practical Pathology by Dr. P. Chakraborty n Dr. G. Chakraborty, ISBN 81-7381-332-9
3. ↑ Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology ISBN 0-7216-0194-4
4. ↑ Bain BJ (2003). "Bone marrow biopsy morbidity and mortality". Br. J. Haematol. 121 (6): 949–51. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04329.x. PMID 12786808.

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