Latex fixation test

Medical diagnostics
MeSH| D007841
MedlinePlus| 003334

A latex fixation test, also called a latex agglutination assay or test (LA assay or test), is an assay used clinically in the identification and typing of many important microorganisms. These tests use the patient's antigen-antibody immune response. This response occurs when the body detects a pathogen and forms an antibody specific to an identified antigen (a protein configuration) present on the surface of the pathogen.[citation needed]

Agglutination tests, specific to a variety of pathogens, can be designed and manufactured for clinicians by coating microbeads of latex with pathogen-specific antigens or antibodies. In performing a test, laboratory clinicians will mix a patient's cerebrospinal fluid, serum or urine with the coated latex particles in serial dilutions with normal saline (important to avoid the prozone effect) and observe for agglutination (clumping). Agglutination of the beads in any of the dilutions is considered a positive result, confirming either that the patient's body has produced the pathogen-specific antibody (if the test supplied the antigen) or that the specimen contains the pathogen's antigen (if the test supplied the antibody). Instances of cross-reactivity (where the antibody sticks to another antigen besides the antigen of interest) can lead to confusing results.

Agglutination techniques are used to detect antibodies produced in response to a variety of viruses and bacteria, as well as autoantibodies, which are produced against the self in autoimmune diseases. For example, assays exist for rubella virus, rotavirus, and rheumatoid factor, and an excellent LA test is available for cryptococcus.[1] Agglutination techniques are also used in definitive diagnosis of group A streptococcal infection.

## See also

* Visceral leishmaniasis § Diagnosis

## References

1. ↑ Howanitz and Howanitz, Laboratory Medicine. Published by Church Livingston; 1991: pp 825–828

## External links

* Latex+fixation+test at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
* "Quality control of the latex-fixation test". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 72 (4): 591–6. 1979. doi:10.1093/ajcp/72.4.591. PMID 495562.
* Description of the test

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Medical tests used in immunology and for inflammation (CPT 86000–86849)

Immunology|

| Immunoprecipitation|

* Chromatin immunoprecipitation
* Immunodiffusion
* Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion
* Radial immunodiffusion
* Immunoelectrophoresis
* Counterimmunoelectrophoresis

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Immunoassay|

* ELISA
* ELISpot
* Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique
* RAST test
* Radioimmunoassay
* Radiobinding assay
* Immunofluorescence

Agglutination|

* [[Medicine:HemagglutiHemagglutination]]/Hemagglutinin
* Coombs test
* Latex fixation test

Other|

* Diagnostic immunology
* Nephelometry
* Complement fixation test
* Immunocytochemistry
* Immunohistochemistry
* Direct fluorescent antibody
* Epitope mapping
* Skin allergy test
* Patch test
* see also...

Inflammation|

* C-reactive protein
* Procalcitonin

* Total complement activity
* MELISA

* Complete blood count
* lymphocyte count

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