List of allergens

Short description: none

This is a list of allergies, which includes the allergen, potential reactions, and a brief description of the cause where applicable.

An allergy is a misguided type-I hypersensitivity response triggered by binding of an allergen to immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. Antibody reactions require a molecule of sufficient size. As a result, most allergens are large biomolecules such as proteins and carbohydrates, many of which can be removed or broken down by food processing. A smaller molecule may still become allergenic by binding to a larger molecule to form an epitope of sufficient size; such a small molecule is called a hapten.

This list also includes some other forms of hypersensitivity reactions, especially so-called allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), a type-IV hypersensitivity response. Such a response is not associated with IgE action, but T-cell activation. The prototypic example is Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis.[1][2]

Allergens are categorized on this page by origin for minimal redundancy. Symptoms typically depend on route of exposure, which is not yet sorted cleanly here.

The World Health Organization and International Union of Immunological Societies (WHO/IUIS) Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee maintains a webpage listing every protein (as well as some carbohydrates) that have elicited a confirmed IgE reaction in any human. Readers seeking a more reliable list are advised to visit their website.[3]

## Contents

* 1 Plant
* 1.1 Balsam of Peru
* 1.2 Buckwheat
* 1.3 Celery
* 1.4 Fruit
* 1.5 Garlic
* 1.6 Oat
* 1.7 Wheat (and other cereals)
* 1.8 Legumes
* 1.8.1 Peanut
* 1.8.2 Soy
* 1.9 Maize
* 1.10 Mustard seed
* 1.11 Rice
* 1.12 Sesame
* 1.13 Tree nut
* 1.14 Pollen
* 1.15 Latex
* 1.16 Urushiol
* 2 Animal
* 2.1 Egg (chicken, birds)
* 2.2 Fish
* 2.3 Milk
* 2.4 Poultry meat
* 2.5 Red meat
* 2.6 Shellfish
* 2.7 Insect sting
* 2.8 Dust mite
* 2.9 Cat
* 2.10 Dog
* 2.11 Human
* 2.11.1 Semen
* 3 Small organic molecules
* 3.1 Tartrazine
* 3.2 Dimethylaminopropylamine
* 3.3 Paraphenylenediamine
* 3.4 Formaldehyde
* 3.5 Glyceryl monothioglycolate
* 3.6 Tetracycline
* 3.7 Dilantin
* 3.8 Carbamazepine
* 3.9 β-lactams
* 3.9.1 Penicillin
* 3.9.2 Cephalosporins
* 3.10 Sulfonamides
* 3.11 NSAIDs
* 3.12 Radiocontrast
* 3.13 Local anesthetics
* 4 Small inorganic molecules
* 4.1 Sulfite
* 4.2 Water
* 4.3 Metals
* 5 Vaguely-defined artificial mixtures
* 5.1 Perfume
* 5.2 Cosmetics
* 5.3 Other vaguely-defined allergens
* 6 Non-chemical
* 6.1 Cold stimuli
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 Further reading

## Plant

See also: Medicine:Food allergy, Pollen, and Allergy § Other environmental factors

### Balsam of Peru

Routes
Oral (food), Skin contact
Symptoms
Redness, swelling, itching, allergic contact dermatitis reactions, stomatitis (inflammation and soreness of the mouth or tongue), cheilitis (inflammation, rash, or painful erosion of the lips, oropharyngeal mucosa, or angles of their mouth), pruritus, hand eczema, generalized or resistant plantar dermatitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and blisters.

Present in many foods, such as coffee, flavored tea, wine, beer, gin, liqueurs, apéritifs (e.g. vermouth, bitters), soft drinks including cola, juice, citrus, citrus fruit peel, marmalade, tomatoes and tomato-containing products, Mexican and Italian foods with red sauces, ketchup, spices (e.g. cloves, Jamaica pepper (allspice), cinnamon, nutmeg, paprika, curry, anise, and ginger), chili sauce, barbecue sauce, chutney, pickles, pickled vegetables, chocolate, vanilla, baked goods and pastries, pudding, ice cream, chewing gum, and candy.

Present in many drugs, such as hemorrhoid suppositories and ointment (e.g. Anusol), cough medicine/suppressant and lozenges, diaper rash ointments, oral and lip ointments, tincture of benzoin, wound spray (it has been reported to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as the common ulcer-causing bacteria H. pylori in test-tube studies), calamine lotion, surgical dressings, dental cement, eugenol used by dentists, some periodontal impression materials, and in the treatment of dry socket in dentistry.

A number of national and international surveys have identified Balsam of Peru as being in the "top five" allergens causing patch test reactions in people referred to dermatology clinics.[4][5]

### Buckwheat

Routes
Oral (food), Nasal (inhalation)
Symptoms
Asthma, rhinitis, pruritus, gastrointestinal disturbances, urticaria, angioedema, shock, anaphylaxis[6]

Allergenicity is highest in Japan and Korea.[7] It is estimated that buckwheat causes 5% of all immediate-type allergic reaction cases (from food) in Japan.[8] Hazard extends to inhalation of milled flour particles (aeroallergen). Irrespective of the nomenclature, it is not a wheaten cereal; the name refers to its viability as a pseudocereal. Relating or conflating buckwheat allergy with wheat allergy or Triticeae hypersensitivities should be avoided.[9]

### Celery

Routes
Oral (food)
Symptoms
Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, oral allergy syndrome, urticaria, neck or facial swelling, severe asthma symptoms, exercise induced anaphylaxis, potentially fatal anaphylactic shocks[10]

Higher risk of provoking life-threatening reactions compared to most other food allergies. Celery seeds and celeriac are more allergenic than celery stalks.[11][12] Some individuals become cross-sensitized to other spices and herbs in the parsley family. Prevalence is high among adults in Central Europe. It is estimated that two-fifths of all Swiss food-allergy patients react to celery tubers and nearly a third of severe food allergy reactions in France may be due to celery.[13]

### Fruit

Routes
Oral (food)
Symptoms
Mild itching, rash, generalized urticaria, oral allergy syndrome, abdominal pain, vomiting, anaphylaxis

A wide range of fruits may cause allergy. Mango, strawberries, banana,[14] avocado, and kiwi are common problems.[15] Severe allergies to tomatoes have also been reported.[16][17] Some cross-react with latex allergy.

Stone fruits are highly cross-reactive with one another, as are the rosaceae fruits [18][19]

Reaction to hot peppers, a kind of botanical berry, is another specific type of fruit allergy.

### Garlic

Routes
Oral (food)
Symptoms
Dermatitis, rhinitis, asthma, urticaria, asymmetrical pattern of fissure, thickening/shedding of the outer skin layers,[20] rarely anaphylaxis

Very few garlic allergens have been reported, and garlic allergy has been rarely studied. Some garlic-allergic individuals may cross-react with leek, shallot and onion (other Allium). Garlic that has been heated/cooked is less allergenic than raw garlic.[21][22]

### Oat

Main article: Biology:Oat sensitivity

Routes
Oral (food), inhalation
Symptoms
Dermatitis, respiratory problems, anaphylaxis

Risk extends to respiratory inhalation. Oat is not a triticeae cereal but it is possible for individuals with gluten-related disorders to be misdiagnosed as having a hypersensitivity to pure oat because cross-contamination is very common in the western world.

### Wheat (and other cereals)

Main article: Medicine:Wheat allergy

Routes
Oral (food), inhalation
Symptoms
Eczema (atopic dermatitis), Hives, asthma, "baker's asthma", hay fever, oral allergy syndrome, angioedema, abdominal cramps, Celiac disease, diarrhea, temporary (3 or 4 day) mental incompetence, anemia, nausea, vomiting and exercise induced anaphylaxis [23]
Chemical nature
Protein[24]

Risk extends to wheat hybrids like triticale.[25] True wheat allergies are very rare; it is estimated to effect 0.1%-2.2% of individuals depending on region.[26] The allergy does not commonly persist into adolescence. Gluten-free foods are safer for wheat allergic patients but they still may theoretically contain wheat's other allergenic proteins.[27] Wheat allergy symptoms should not be confused with celiac disease, gluten ataxia or non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). While wheat allergies are "true" allergies, celiac disease and gluten ataxia are an autoimmune diseases.[28] NCGS is more similar to food intolerances but as of 2021 its pathogenesis is still not well understood.

### Legumes

Chemical nature
Seed "storage proteins"

#### Peanut

Routes
Oral (food), inhalation
Symptoms
Anaphylaxis and swelling, sometimes vomiting[29]

Distinct from tree nut allergy, as peanuts are legumes. Reactions are often severe or fatal.

Includes some cold-pressed peanut oils. Highly refined (hot pressed followed by further treatment) peanut oils contain almost no protein and present minimal risk.[30]

#### Soy

Main article: Medicine:Soy allergy

Routes
Oral (food), inhalation
Symptoms
Anaphylaxis, asthma exacerbation, rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, hives, atopic dermatitis, swelling of, or under the dermis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

Overall is lower in prevalence than both peanut allergy and cow's milk allergy. However, due to similar protein structures, soya is a common cross-reactive allergen in both peanut-allergic individuals and milk-allergic individuals; especially infants.[31]

Again, highly-refined oil is not allergenic.[32]

### Maize

Main article: Biology:Corn allergy

Routes
Oral (food), inhalation
Symptoms
Hives, pallor, confusion, dizziness, stomach pain, swelling, vomiting, indigestion, diarrhea, cough, tightness in throat, wheezing, shortness of breath, anaphylaxis

Often a difficult allergy to manage due to the various food products which contain various forms of maize protein.

### Mustard seed

Routes
Oral (food), inhalation
Symptoms
Eczema, Rash, Hives, Facial swelling, Other skin reactions, Oral allergy syndrome, Conjunctivitis, Wheezing, Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomiting, Acid Reflux, Dizziness, Asthma, Chest pain, Respiratory problems, Anaphylaxis

Mustard allergy onset is usually in infancy or toddlerhood;[33] it is seemingly very rare but true prevalence can not be established due to several tests producing high rates of false positives.[34] Due to a gradual increase in prevalence[35] and the severity of known reactions it became recognized as the 11th priority allergen by Canada in 2009,[36] and a top 14 priority allergen by the European Union in 2014.[37][38]

### Rice

Main article: Biology:Rice allergy

Routes
Oral (food), inhalation
Symptoms
Sneezing, runny nose, itching, stomachache, eczema.

### Sesame

Routes
Oral (food), skin, inhalation
Symptoms
Potentially systemic anaphylactic responses.[39][40]

By law, foods containing sesame must be labeled so in European Union, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.[39] Increasing prevalence has led to it being deemed the ninth most common food allergen in the United States in 2019. Highest prevalence by age was among 18-29 year olds and an estimated 80% of all sesame-allergic patients had a comorbid food allergy.[41] In 2018, the US FDA issued a request for information for the consideration of labeling for sesame to help protect people who have sesame allergies.[42] A decision was reached in November 2020 that food manufacturers voluntarily declare that when powdered sesame seeds are used as a previously unspecified spice or flavor, the label be changed to "spice (sesame)" or "flavor (sesame)".[43] Via congressional act, it was declared that food manufacturers must acknowledge sesame as a priority food allergen by the 2023 deadline.[44]

### Tree nut

Routes
Oral (food), inhalation, skin
Symptoms
Anaphylaxis, swelling, rash, hives, sometimes vomiting[45]

Hazard extends to exposure to cooking vapors, or handling. Distinct from peanut allergy, as peanuts are legumes.

### Pollen

Routes
Inhalation, eye contact
Symptoms
Sneezing, body ache, headache (in rare cases, extremely painful cluster headaches may occur due to allergic sinusitis; these may leave a temporary time period of 1 and a half to 2 days with eye sensitivity), allergic conjunctivitis (includes watery, red, swelled, itchy, and irritating eyes), runny nose, irritation of the nose, nasal congestion, minor fatigue, chest pain and discomfort, coughing, sore throat, facial discomfort (feeling of stuffed face) due to allergic sinusitis, possible asthma attack, wheezing

### Latex

Main article: Medicine:Latex allergy

Routes
Skin contact, mucousal contact
Symptoms
Contact dermatitis, hypersensitivity

Risk factors for reaction to latex include spina bifida, family history of allergy to latex, or a personal history of allergies, asthma, or eczema.

### Urushiol

Main article: Chemistry:Urushiol

Routes
Skin contact
Symptoms
Contact dermatitis

One of the most common allergies. Urushiol is found in various plants, most notably plants in the Toxicodendron genus, such as poison oak and poison ivy.

## Animal

See also: Medicine:Food allergy

### Egg (chicken, birds)

Routes
Oral (food)
Symptoms
Anaphylaxis, swelling, sometimes flatulence and vomiting

Egg yolk and egg white contain different proteins. An allergic individual may not have any reaction to consuming food only prepared with egg yolk and not egg white, or vice versa.[19] Due to high protein content, egg white allergy is more common than the reverse.[46] The majority of children with this allergy become tolerant by adulthood.[47]

### Fish

Routes
Oral (food)
Symptoms
Respiratory reactions, Anaphylaxis, oral allergy syndrome, sometimes vomiting

One of three allergies to seafood, not to be conflated with allergies to crustaceans and mollusks.[48] People with fish allergies have a 50% likelihood of being cross reactive with another fish species,[49] but some individuals are only allergic to one species, such as; tilapia[50] salmon,[48] or cod. A proper diagnosis is considered complicated due to these cross reactivity between fish species and other seafood allergies.[51] Hazard extends to exposure to cooking vapors or handling.[52]

### Milk

Routes
Oral (food)
Symptoms
Skin rash, hives, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain, flatulence, colitis, nasal congestion, dermatitis, blisters, migraine, anaphylaxis

Protein allergy,[53] not to be confused with lactose intolerance.[54] Allergy to cow's milk is the most common food allergy in infants and young children[46] but most outgrow the allergy in early childhood. Introducing baked cow's milk to allergic patients is associated with accelerated resolution of milk allergy.[55] Some evidence suggests goat's milk has less allergenic potential than cow's milk[56] and reduced risk of allergy development if infants are weaned with goat's milk.[57] Due to adult-onset sensitization it is estimated to be the second most common food allergy in American adults.[58]

### Poultry meat

Routes
Oral (food)
Symptoms
Hives, swelling of, or under the dermis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, severe oral allergy syndrome, shortness of breath, rarely anaphylactic shock

Very rare allergies to chicken, turkey, squab, and sometimes more mildly to other avian meats.[59] Not to be confused with secondary reactions of bird-egg syndrome. The genuine allergy has no causal relationship with egg allergy, nor is there any close association with red meat allergy. Prevalence still unknown as of 2016.[60]

### Red meat

Routes
Oral (food)
Symptoms
Hives, swelling, dermatitis, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fainting, shortness of breath, anaphylaxis[61][62]

Allergies to the sugar carbohydrate found in beef, venison, lamb, and pork called alpha-gal. This carbohydrate is made by almost all mammals, with the notable exception of old world monkeys and apes (including humans). Tick bites may inject this substance into the bloodstream; combined with other defense mechanisms against tick bites, this causes the human body to flag alpha-gal as a foreign antigen.[63]

Allergic reaction to pork is an exception, as it may also be caused by pork-cat syndrome instead of alpha-gal allergy.

### Shellfish

Routes
Oral (food), inhalation
Symptoms
Respiratory symptoms, Anaphylaxis, oral allergy syndrome, gastrointestinal symptoms, rhinitis, conjunctivitis

Shellfish allergies are highly cross reactive. Its prevalence is much higher than that of fish allergy. Shellfish allergy is the leading cause of food allergy in U.S adults.[58] As of 2018 six allergens have been identified to prawn alone; along with crab, it is the major culprit of seafood anaphylaxis.[48] In reference to it as one of the "Big 8"[64] or "major 14" allergens it is sometimes specified as a "crustacean shellfish" allergy, or more simply, a "crustacean allergy".[65][66] Sometimes it is conflated with an allergy to molluscan shellfish but complete tolerance to one but not the other is not uncommon. Most usually, a mono-sensitive individual will experience a crustacean allergy alone with tolerance to mollusks, rather than vice versa.[48]

The symptoms of an allergic reaction to molluscan shellfish should not be confused with the effects of shellfish poisoning which are a medical reactions that manifest after eating contaminated mollusks from certain areas of the world and lasts for several hours or days after onset.[67]

### Insect sting

Routes
Skin (injection)
Symptoms
Hives, wheezing, possible anaphylaxis

Possible from bee or wasp stings, or bites from mosquitoes or flies like Leptoconops torrens.

### Dust mite

Main article: Biology:House dust mite

Routes
Skin, inhalation
Symptoms
Asthma[68]

Home allergen reduction may be recommended

### Cat

Routes
Inhalation
Symptoms
Sneezing, itchy swollen eyes, rash, congestion, wheezing

Cats express a number of protein allergens, numbered Fel d 1 to Fel d 7. Fel d 1 (from saliva, licked onto fur) and Fel d 4 are the most common culprits.

### Dog

Routes
Inhalation
Symptoms
Rash, sneezing, congestion, wheezing, vomiting from coughing, Sometimes itchy welts.

Caused by dander, saliva or urine of dogs, or by dust, pollen or other allergens that have been carried on the fur.[69] Allergy to dogs is present in as much as 10 percent of the population.[69]

### Human

#### Semen

Routes
Oral, skin contact, vaginal contact, eye contact
Symptoms
Burning, pain and swelling, possibly for days, swelling or blisters, vaginal redness,[70] fever, runny nose, extreme fatigue[71][72][73][74][75]

|In a case study in Switzerland, a woman who was allergic to Balsam of Peru was allergic to her boyfriend's semen following intercourse, after he drank large amounts of Coca-Cola.[76]

## Small organic molecules

See also: Medicine:Drug allergy

### Tartrazine

Routes
Oral (food), inhalation
Symptoms
Skin irritation, hives, rash

|A synthetic food dye used in processed foods like confections, soft drinks, flavoring syrups, condiments and convenience foods in order to create a potent yellow or bright green coloring. Prevalence of allergenicity is unclear but it is the most likely azo dye to cause hypersensitivity and reactions may occur from ingestion or skin contact. It is possible for some individuals to become desensitized. There is no strong evidence suggesting that tartrazine can cause hypersensitivity or intolerance in non-allergic individuals.

### Dimethylaminopropylamine

Routes
Eyelid contact
Symptoms
Eyelid dermatitis

Present as unreacted residue within cocamidopropyl betaine, a mild detergent and foam booster used in liquid soaps and shampoos.

### Paraphenylenediamine

Sources
Black hair dye, Color developer, Scuba gear, Henna (may be added to henna but is not found in pure henna)
Cross-reactions
Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), Azo dyes, Sulfonamides, Sulfonylureas, Thiazides, Ester anesthetics

### Formaldehyde

Sources
Present as unreacted residue in various resins, e.g. tosylamide/formaldehyde resin in nail polish and p-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTBP-FR) in craft glues and commercial leather and rubber products
Symptoms
When exposed to eyelid: eyelid dermatitis
When exposed to foot: Foot dermatitis[77][78]: 793

### Glyceryl monothioglycolate

Sources
Permanent hair waving solutions
Routes
Contact with integumentary system.

### Tetracycline

Routes
Oral, injection
Symptoms
Many, including: severe headache, dizziness, blurred vision, fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms, severe blistering, peeling, dark colored urine[79][80]

### Dilantin

Routes
Oral, injection
Symptoms
Many, including: swollen glands, easy bruising or bleeding, fever, sore throat[81][82][83]

### Carbamazepine

Routes
Oral
Symptoms
Shortness of breath, wheezing or difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips, tongue etc., hives[84][85][86]

Also known as brand name "Tegretol".

### β-lactams

#### Penicillin

Routes
Oral, injection, skin contact
Symptoms
Diarrhea, hypersensitivity, nausea, rash, neurotoxicity, urticaria

Although as many as 6-10% of the population are labelled as having a penicillin allergy, re-testing show that 90-95% of people labelled as such are actually not allergic. Re-testing and delabelling initiatives allow these patients to use penicillin instead of a higher-risk antibiotic.[87]

#### Cephalosporins

Routes
Oral, injection, skin contact
Symptoms
Maculopapular or morbilliform skin eruption, and less commonly urticaria, eosinophilia, serum-sickness–like reactions, and anaphylaxis.[88]

Rarer than penicillin allergy. Some cross-reaction due to molecular similarity.

### Sulfonamides

Routes
Oral, injection, skin contact
Symptoms
Urinary tract disorders, haemopoietic disorders, porphyria and hypersensitivity reactions, Stevens–Johnson syndrome toxic epidermal necrolysis

The first broadly effective antibacterials to be used systemically. About 3% of the population are reported as allergic.[89]

Two regions of the sulfonamide antibiotic chemical structure are implicated in the hypersensitivity reactions associated with the class.

* The first is the N1 heterocyclic ring, which causes a type I hypersensitivity (true allergy) reaction.
* The second is the N4 amino nitrogen that, in a stereospecific process, forms reactive metabolites that cause either direct cytotoxicity or immunologic response.

The nonantibiotic sulfonamides lack both of these structures.[90]

### NSAIDs

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (Ibuprofen, Aspirin, etc.)[91]

Symptoms
Many, including: swollen eyes, lips, or tongue, difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate[92]

### Radiocontrast

Routes
Intervenous injection
Symptoms
Anaphylactoid reactions and contrast-induced nephropathy (the latter is not related to allergy)

### Local anesthetics

Symptoms
Urticaria and rash, dyspnea, wheezing, flushing, cyanosis, tachycardia[93]

## Small inorganic molecules

### Sulfite

Routes
Oral (food)
Symptoms
Hives, rash, redness of skin, headache (particular frontal), burning behind eyes, asthma-like breathing difficulties, anaphylaxis

Sulfites (also spelled "sulphites") are used as a preserving agents in many different foods, such as raisins, dried peaches, various other dried fruit, canned or frozen fruits and vegetables, wines, vinegars and processed meats. Allergy appears to be very rare in the general population but it is still often considered to be one of the top 10 food allergies.[25] It is debated whether reaction to sulfites is a true allergy.[94]

### Water

Symptoms
Epidermal itching, swelling of the oral cavity after drinking water, anaphylaxis (in severe cases)[95][96][97][98][99]

Strictly aquagenic pruritus or aquagenic urticaria, but cold water may also cause cold urticaria

### Metals

The following metal products may cause allergic contact dermatitis:

* Nickel (nickel sulfate hexahydrate), also may cause dyshidrotic eczema[100][101]
* Gold (gold sodium thiosulfate)
* Chromium
* Cobalt chloride

## Vaguely-defined artificial mixtures

These are man-made mixtures of no defined formula or method of production.

### Perfume

Symptoms
Itchy eyes, runny nose, sore throat, headaches, muscle/joint pain, asthma attack, wheezing, chest pain, blisters

### Cosmetics

Routes
Skin contact, eye contact
Symptoms
Contact dermatitis,[102] irritant contact dermatitis, inflammation, redness,[103] conjunctivitis,[104] sneezing

### Other vaguely-defined allergens

* Photographic developers
* Fungicide

## Non-chemical

### Cold stimuli

Symptoms
Hives, itching

## See also

* Allergic inflammation
* Elimination diet
* Food intolerance
* Oral allergy syndrome
* Sweat allergy
* List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions
* List of cutaneous conditions
* List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions
* List of target antigens in pemphigus
* List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system

## References

1. ↑ Lofgran, Trevor; Mahabal, Gauri D. (2025). "Toxicodendron Toxicity". StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557866/.
2. ↑ "Early inflammatory markers in elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis". BMC Dermatology 2. August 2002. doi:10.1186/1471-5945-2-9. PMID 12167174.
3. ↑ WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee. "ALLERGEN NOMENCLATURE". https://allergen.org/index.php.
4. ↑ Biocompatibility of Dental Materials. Springer. 2008. ISBN 9783540777823. https://books.google.com/books?id=mrreTHuo54wC&q=balsam+of+peru+allergy&pg=PA352. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
5. ↑ Conn's Current Therapy 2014: Expert Consult. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2013. ISBN 9780323225724. https://books.google.com/books?id=fmwYAgAAQBAJ&q="balsam+of+peru"+allergy&pg=PT264. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
6. ↑ "Buckwheat allergy: a potential problem in 21st century Britain". BMJ Case Reports 2011: bcr0920114882. November 2011. doi:10.1136/bcr.09.2011.4882. PMID 22674117.
7. ↑ "Reactions of Buckwheat-Hypersensitive Patients during Oral Food Challenge Are Rare, but Often Anaphylactic". International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 172 (2): 116–122. 2017. doi:10.1159/000456008. PMID 28268211.
8. ↑ "Japanese Guideline for Food Allergy 2014". Allergology International 63 (3): 399–419. September 2014. doi:10.2332/allergolint.14-RAI-0770. PMID 25178179.
9. ↑ "Buckwheat - allergy information". InformAll: Communicating about Food Allergies. University of Manchester. http://research.bmh.manchester.ac.uk/informall/allergenic-food/?FoodId=12.
10. ↑ "Celery Allergy: The Facts". Anaphylaxis Campaign. Scotland. https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Celery-19.02.2020.pdf.
11. ↑ "Cross-reactive N-glycans of Api g 5, a high molecular weight glycoprotein allergen from celery, are required for immunoglobulin E binding and activation of effector cells from allergic patients". FASEB Journal 17 (12): 1697–1699. September 2003. doi:10.1096/fj.02-0872fje. PMID 12958180.
12. ↑ "Food-induced anaphylaxis". The Western Journal of Medicine 158 (6): 610–611. June 1993. PMID 8337856.
13. ↑ "Celery, Celeriac - allergy information". InformAll: Communicating about Food Allergies. University of Manchester. http://research.bmh.manchester.ac.uk/informall/allergenic-food/?FoodId=18.
14. ↑ "Heterogeneity of banana allergy: characterization of allergens in banana-allergic patients". Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 89 (5): 513–516. November 2002. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62090-X. PMID 12452211.
15. ↑ "Banana - allergy information". InformAll: Communicating about Food Allergies. University of Manchester). http://research.bmh.manchester.ac.uk/informall/allergenic-food/?FoodId=5.
16. ↑ "Tomato - allergy information". InformAll: Communicating about Food Allergies. University of Manchester). http://research.bmh.manchester.ac.uk/informall/allergenic-food/?FoodId=52.
17. ↑ "Severe tomato allergy (Lycopersicon esculentum)". Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 23 (2): 149–152. 2002. PMID 12001794.
18. ↑ "Allergenic cross-reactivity among peach, apricot, plum, and cherry in patients with oral allergy syndrome: an in vivo and in vitro study". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 94 (4): 699–707. October 1994. doi:10.1016/0091-6749(94)90177-5. PMID 7930303. Bibcode: 1994JACI...94..699P.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "You can have a food allergy, and eat it too" (in en). https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/11/131108090233.htm.
20. ↑ Dermatology. 2. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2003. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-323-02578-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=f2IwYiyh3YUC&pg=PT305.
21. ↑ "Identification and immunologic characterization of an allergen, alliin lyase, from garlic (Allium sativum)". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 113 (1): 161–168. January 2004. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2003.10.040. PMID 14713923.
22. ↑ "Anaphylaxis induced by ingestion of raw garlic". Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 9 (8): 773–775. August 2012. doi:10.1089/fpd.2012.1133. PMID 22817136.
23. ↑ "Allergy Society of South Africa – Wheat Allergy". http://www.allergysa.org/wheat.htm.
24. ↑ "Proteomic analysis of wheat flour allergens". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55 (17): 6863–6870. August 2007. doi:10.1021/jf070843a. PMID 17655322. Bibcode: 2007JAFC...55.6863A.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Hypersensitivity reactions to food additives". Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 9 (3): 278–283. June 2009. doi:10.1097/ACI.0b013e32832b2632. PMID 19390435.
26. ↑ "Prevalence of wheat allergy" (in en). https://www.drschaer.com/uk/institute/a/epidemiology-wheat-allergy.
27. ↑ "Wheat Allergy". https://www.ecarf.org/en/information-portal/allergies-overview/wheat-allergy/.
28. ↑ "Everything You Should Know About Wheat Allergy Diagnosis and Treatment". Verywell. https://www.verywell.com/what-is-wheat-allergyis-it-the-same-as-celiac-disease-562584.
29. ↑ "Food Allergy: Quick Facts". National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. July 7, 2009. http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/topics/foodAllergy/understanding/quickFacts.htm.
30. ↑ https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/fact-sheet/peanut-oil/
31. ↑ "Milk and soy allergy". Pediatric Clinics of North America 58 (2): 407–26, x. April 2011. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2011.02.005. PMID 21453810.
32. ↑ https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(03)03157-9/fulltext
33. ↑ "Mustard Allergy" (in en). 7 June 2016. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Mustard-Allergy.aspx.
34. ↑ "Mustard allergy as a new food allergy". Allergy 58 (4): 287–288. April 2003. doi:10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00109.x. PMID 12708974.
35. ↑ "A Comprehensive Review on Mustard-Induced Allergy and Implications for Human Health". Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 57 (1): 39–54. August 2019. doi:10.1007/s12016-017-8651-2. PMID 29159565.
36. ↑ "Why Mustard Added to Top Allergen List in Canada". 1 September 2010. https://www.allergicliving.com/2010/09/01/whats-new-mustards-dubious-new-distinction/.
37. ↑ "Allergens in food: scientific advice updated" (in en). European Food Safety Authority. 26 November 2014. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/141126.
38. ↑ "Mustard Allergy: The Facts Mustard is one of 14 major". December 2016. https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mustard-2016.pdf.
39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Allergenic Foods and their Allergens, with links to Informall | FARRP | Nebraska". https://farrp.unl.edu/informallseeds.
40. ↑ "Sesame allergy: role of specific IgE and skin-prick testing in predicting food challenge results". Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 30 (6): 643–648. 2009. doi:10.2500/aap.2009.30.3294. PMID 20031010.
41. ↑ "Sesame Now the Ninth Most Common Food Allergy in the United States". https://www.aaaai.org/about-aaaai/newsroom/news-releases/sesame.
42. ↑ "Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on the FDA's new consideration of labeling for sesame allergies". 29 October 2018. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/statement-fda-commissioner-scott-gottlieb-md-fdas-new-consideration-labeling-sesame-allergies.
43. ↑ "FDA Issues Draft Guidance for Industry on Voluntary Disclosure of Sesame When Added as Flavoring or Spice". 10 November 2020. https://www.fda.gov/food/cfsan-constituent-updates/fda-issues-draft-guidance-industry-voluntary-disclosure-sesame-when-added-flavoring-or-spice.
44. ↑ "Sesame Seed Allergy: Symptoms, Testing, and Treatment". https://latitudefoodallergycare.com/allergens/sesame-seed-allergy/.
45. ↑ National Institutes of Health, NIAID Allergy Statistics "Food Allergy: Quick Facts". National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/topics/foodAllergy/understanding/quickFacts.htm.
46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 "Current understanding of egg allergy". Pediatric Clinics of North America 58 (2): 427–43, xi. April 2011. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2011.02.014. PMID 21453811.
47. ↑ "The natural history of egg allergy". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 120 (6): 1413–1417. December 2007. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.040. PMID 18073126.
48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 "Seafood allergy: A comprehensive review of fish and shellfish allergens". Molecular Immunology 100: 28–57. August 2018. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2018.04.008. PMID 29858102.
49. ↑ "Food allergy". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 125 (2 Suppl 2): S116–S125. February 2010. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.028. PMID 20042231.
50. ↑ "Monosensitivity to pangasius and tilapia caused by allergens other than parvalbumin". Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology 20 (1): 84–8. 2010. PMID 20232779. http://www.jiaci.org/issues/vol20issue1/13.pdf.
51. ↑ "Diagnosis of fish and shellfish allergies". Journal of Asthma and Allergy 11: 247–260. 2018-10-08. doi:10.2147/JAA.S142476. PMID 30323632.
52. ↑ "Most common food allergies". https://health.usnews.com/health-care/patient-advice/slideshows/most-common-food-allergies?slide=7.
53. ↑ National Institutes of Health, NIAID Allergy Statistics 2005 "Allergy Statistics". National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/allergystat.htm.
54. ↑ "Lactose Intolerance or Milk Allergy: What's the Difference?". EverydayHealth.com. http://www.everydayhealth.com/digestive-health/milk-allergy-vs-lactose-intolerance.aspx.
55. ↑ "INTRODUCING BAKED MILK". https://www.aaaai.org/global/latest-research-summaries/New-Research-from-JACI-In-Practice/baked-milk.
56. ↑ "Hypo-allergenic and therapeutic significance of goat milk". Small Ruminant Research 14 (2): 151–159. 1 August 1994. doi:10.1016/0921-4488(94)90105-8.
57. ↑ "Goat milk is less immunogenic than cow milk in a murine model of atopy". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 39 (4): 354–360. October 2004. doi:10.1097/00005176-200410000-00010. PMID 15448424.
58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 "Adult-Onset Food Allergies Increasing, Confusing" (in en). https://www.webmd.com/allergies/news/20190111/adult-onset-food-allergies-increasing-confusing.
59. ↑ "Common allergens in avian meats". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 104 (1): 202–204. July 1999. doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70136-3. PMID 10400862.
60. ↑ "Update on the bird-egg syndrome and genuine poultry meat allergy". Allergo Journal International 25 (3): 68–75. 2016. doi:10.1007/s40629-016-0108-2. PMID 27340614.
61. ↑ "Alpha-gal Allergy". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 28 March 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/alpha-gal/index.html.
62. ↑ "Lone Star Tick Bite Might Trigger Red Meat Allergy: Study". 9 November 2012. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_131179.html.
63. ↑ "Rare Meat Allergy Caused By Tick Bites May Be On The Rise". NPR.org. 27 November 2012. https://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/11/21/165633003/rare-meat-allergy-caused-by-tick-bites-may-be-on-the-rise.
64. ↑ United States Public Law C. Food Allergen Labelling And Consumer Protection Act of 2004. Public Law 2004; 108-282:905-11.
65. ↑ "Allergenic Foods and their Allergens, with links to Informall | FARRP | Nebraska". https://farrp.unl.edu/informallbig8.
66. ↑ "List of 14 Allergens | Food Information | Food Legislation | Legislation | The Food Safety Authority of Ireland". https://www.fsai.ie/legislation/food_legislation/food_information/14_allergens.html.
67. ↑ "Molluscan shellfish allergy". Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 54: 139–77. 2008. doi:10.1016/S1043-4526(07)00004-6. ISBN 9780123737403. PMID 18291306.
68. ↑ "Socioeconomic status and asthma prevalence in young adults: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey". American Journal of Epidemiology 160 (2): 178–188. July 2004. doi:10.1093/aje/kwh186. PMID 15234940.
69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 Dog Allergy at American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. References up to 2011
70. ↑ "Infertility: Sperm and Semen Allergy". 7 May 2025. http://www.gettingpregnant.co.uk/sperm_allergy.html.
71. ↑ "Flu-like symptoms actually semen allergy". Times LIVE. Reuters. 17 January 2011. http://www.timeslive.co.za/scitech/article855255.ece/Flu-like-symptoms-actually-semen-allergy.
72. ↑ "Semen Allergy Can Cause Flu-like Symptoms in Men". TopNews. 17 January 2011. http://topnews.us/content/232671-semen-allergy-can-cause-flu-symptoms-men.
73. ↑ "Semen Allergy Can Be Treated, Study Shows". Daily Health Report. http://www.dailyhealthreport.org/semen-allergy-can-be-treated-study-shows/994/.
74. ↑ "Reacting to Semen: An Intimate Allergy". Sex Ed 101. 2005. http://www.sex-ed101.org/articles/men/semen_allergy.html.
75. ↑ "UPDATE 1-Semen allergy suspected in rare post-orgasm illness". 17 Jan 2011. Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110728144235/http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/update-1-semen-allergy-suspected-in-rare-post-orgasm-illness.
76. ↑ Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1989: Staplefoods: Proceedings. Oxford Symposium. 1990. ISBN 9780907325444. https://books.google.com/books?id=I15eJt6U3gMC&q="balsam+of+peru"+allergy&pg=PA165. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
77. ↑ Marks, James G.; Elsner, Peter; DeLeo, Vincent A. (2002). Contact & occupational dermatology (3rd ed.). St. Louis, Mo: Mosby. p. 121. ISBN 9780323014731. https://archive.org/details/contactoccupatio0000mark/page/121/mode/2up.
78. ↑ Zimerson, Erik; Bruze, Magnus (2020). "Contact Allergy to Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins". Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology (3rd ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 789–798. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_52. ISBN 978-3-319-68617-2.
79. ↑ "Tetracycline (Antibiotics) Uses, Dosage, Side Effects". https://www.drugs.com/tetracycline.html.
80. ↑ "Healthfully". https://healthfully.com/allergic-rash-from-antibiotics-4771151.html.
81. ↑ "Dilantin: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Interactions". https://www.drugs.com/dilantin.html.
82. ↑ "What are the most serious side effects of Dilantin?: Basic". Archived on December 25, 2011. Error: If you specify `|archivedate=`, you must also specify `|archiveurl=`. http://www.epilepsy.com/medications/b_dilantin_serious.
83. ↑ "Anticonvulsant Drug Therapy: Dilantin: Neurology". http://www.uihealthcare.com/topics/medicaldepartments/neurology/anticonvulsantdrugtherapy/dilantin.html.
84. ↑ "Trileptal". http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/consumers/cmi/t/Trileptal.pdf.
85. ↑ "Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbagen): uses, dosage, side effects, warnings". 2 September 2017. http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/100004152.html.
86. ↑ "Carbamazepine". Archived from the original on November 4, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111104134021/http://kidshealth.org/parent/medications/carbamazepine.html.
87. ↑ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7080618/
88. ↑ "Cephalosporin allergy". The New England Journal of Medicine 345 (11): 804–809. September 2001. doi:10.1056/NEJMra993637. PMID 11556301.
89. ↑ Tilles SA (August 2001). "Practical issues in the management of hypersensitivity reactions: sulfonamides". Southern Medical Journal 94 (8): 817–24. doi:10.1097/00007611-200108000-00013. PMID 11549195.
90. ↑ "Likelihood and mechanisms of cross-allergenicity between sulfonamide antibiotics and other drugs containing a sulfonamide functional group". Pharmacotherapy 24 (7): 856–70. July 2004. doi:10.1592/phco.24.9.856.36106. PMID 15303450.
91. ↑ Blanca-Lopez, Natalia; Soriano, Victor; Garcia-Martin, Elena; Canto, Gabriela; Blanca, Miguel (2019). "NSAID-induced reactions: classification, prevalence, impact, and management strategies". Journal of Asthma and Allergy 12: 217–233. doi:10.2147/JAA.S164806. ISSN 1178-6965. PMID 31496752. PMC 6690438. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6690438/.
92. ↑ "Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medicines (NSAIDs)". Cleveland Clinic. 25 January 2020. http://my.clevelandclinic.org/drugs/non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_drugs/hic_non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_medicines_nsaids.aspx.
93. ↑ Andrew H. Chen (September 1998). "Toxicity and Allergy to Local Anesthesia". Journal of the California Dental Association. Archived from the original on December 4, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111204070934/http://www.cda.org/library/cda_member/pubs/journal/jour998/allergy.html.
94. ↑ Canada, Health (26 October 2012). "Sulphites - Priority allergens". https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/reports-publications/food-safety/sulphites-priority-allergens.html.
95. ↑ "JUST ONE CUP OF WATER COULD KILL LITTLE HEIDI; Girl's deadly allergy means she cannot weep, wash, drink, play or even stand in the rain. - Free Online Library". https://www.thefreelibrary.com/JUST+ONE+CUP+OF+WATER+COULD+KILL+LITTLE+HEIDI;+Girl's+deadly+allergy...-a061152595.
96. ↑ "Girl allergic to water". 14 December 2018. https://scienceinfo.net/girl-allergic-to-water.html.
97. ↑ "The woman who is allergic to water". 15 September 2016. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160915-the-woman-who-is-allergic-to-water.
98. ↑ Seol, Jung Eun; Kim, Do Hyeong; Park, So Hee; Kang, Jeong Nan; Sung, Ho Suk; Kim, Hyojin (June 2017). "Aquagenic Urticaria Diagnosed by the Water Provocation Test and the Results of Histopathologic Examination". Annals of Dermatology 29 (3): 341–345. doi:10.5021/ad.2017.29.3.341. PMID 28566914.
99. ↑ "Here's What Happens when You Develop an Allergy to Water". 15 December 2015. https://www.sciencealert.com/here-s-what-happens-if-you-develop-an-allergy-to-water.
100. ↑ "Nickel, cobalt and chromium sensitivity in patients with pompholyx (dyshidrotic eczema)". Contact Dermatitis 5 (6): 371–374. December 1979. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1979.tb04907.x. PMID 160856. https://www.librarystack.org/tools-for-radical-study-a-collection-of-manuals/?ref=unknown.
101. ↑ "Low nickel diet in the treatment of patients with chronic nickel dermatitis". The British Journal of Dermatology 98 (2): 197–201. February 1978. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb01622.x. PMID 629873.
102. ↑ "Two Types of Cosmetic Allergy". http://allergytips.org/two-types-of-cosmetic-allergy/.
103. ↑ "The Downside To Cosmetics – Cosmetic Allergy". http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/4528/1/The-Downside-To-Cosmetics
Cosmetic-Allergy.html.
104. ↑ Conjunctivitis – allergic and infectious – information, symptoms and treatment |Bupa UK

## Further reading

* Dermatology. St. Louis: Mosby. 2007. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
* Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. 2006. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
* "Resource List on Food Allergies and Intolerances for Consumers". Food and Nutrition Information Center. National Agricultural Library. http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/pubs/bibs/gen/allergy.pdf. A collection of resources on the topic of food allergies and intolerances.

* v
* t
* e

Allergic conditions

Respiratory system|

* Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
* Asthma
* Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
* Eosinophilic pneumonia
* Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
* Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
* Farmer's lung
* Laboratory animal allergy

Skin|

* Angioedema
* Urticaria
* Atopic dermatitis
* Allergic contact dermatitis
* Hypersensitivity vasculitis

Blood and immune system|

* Serum sickness

Circulatory system|

* Anaphylaxis

Digestive system|

* Coeliac disease
* Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
* Eosinophilic esophagitis
* Food allergy
* Egg allergy
* Milk intolerance

Nervous system|

* Eosinophilic meningitis

Genitourinary system|

* Acute interstitial nephritis

Other conditions|

* Drug allergy
* Allergic conjunctivitis
* Latex allergy

* v
* t
* e

Consequences of external causes (T66–T78, 990–995)

Temperature|

| Elevated|

Hyperthermia
Heat syncope

|

Reduced|

Hypothermia
Immersion foot syndromes

Trench foot
Tropical immersion foot
Warm water immersion foot
Chilblains
Frostbite
Aerosol burn
Cold intolerance
Acrocyanosis
Erythrocyanosis crurum

Radiation|

Radiation poisoning
Radiation burn
Chronic radiation keratosis
Eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy
Radiation acne
Radiation-induced cancer
Radiation recall reaction
Radiation-induced erythema multiforme
Radiation-induced hypertrophic scar
Radiation-induced keloid
Radiation-induced morphea

Air|

* Hypoxia/Asphyxia
* Barotrauma
* Aerosinusitis
* Decompression sickness
* High altitude
* Altitude sickness
* Chronic mountain sickness
* Death zone
* HAPE
* HACE

Food|

* Starvation

Maltreatment|

* Physical abuse
* Sexual abuse
* Psychological abuse

Travel|

* Motion sickness
* Seasickness
* Airsickness
* Space adaptation syndrome

Adverse effect|

* Hypersensitivity
* Anaphylaxis
* Angioedema
* Allergy
* Arthus reaction

* Adverse drug reaction

Other|

* Electrical injury
* Drowning
* Lightning injuries

Ungrouped
skin conditions
resulting from
physical factors|

* Dermatosis neglecta
* Pinch mark
* Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules
* Sclerosing lymphangitis
* Tropical anhidrotic asthenia
* UV-sensitive syndrome

environmental skin conditions
Electrical burn
frictional/traumatic/sports

Black heel and palm
Equestrian perniosis
Jogger's nipple
Pulling boat hands
Runner's rump
Surfer's knots
Tennis toe
Vibration white finger
Weathering nodule of ear
Wrestler's ear
Coral cut
Painful fat herniation
Uranium dermatosis

iv use

Skin pop scar
Skin track
Slap mark
Pseudoacanthosis nigricans
Narcotic dermopathy

* v
* t
* e

Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases (279.5–6)

Type I/allergy/atopy
(IgE)|

| Foreign|

* Atopic eczema
* Allergic urticaria
* Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever)
* Allergic asthma
* Anaphylaxis
* Food allergy
* common allergies include: Milk
* Egg
* Peanut
* Tree nut
* Seafood
* Soy
* Wheat
* Penicillin allergy

|

Autoimmune|

* Eosinophilic esophagitis

Type II/ADCC

*     * IgM
* IgG

| Foreign|

* Hemolytic disease of the newborn

|

Autoimmune|

| Cytotoxic|

* Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
* Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
* Bullous pemphigoid
* Pemphigus vulgaris
* Rheumatic fever
* Goodpasture syndrome
* Guillain–Barré syndrome

|

"Type V"/receptor|

* Graves' disease
* Myasthenia gravis
* Pernicious anemia

Type III
(Immune complex)|

| Foreign|

* Henoch–Schönlein purpura
* Hypersensitivity vasculitis
* Reactive arthritis
* Farmer's lung
* Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
* Serum sickness
* Arthus reaction

|

Autoimmune|

* Systemic lupus erythematosus
* Subacute bacterial endocarditis
* Rheumatoid arthritis

Type IV/cell-mediated
(T cells)|

| Foreign|

* Allergic contact dermatitis
* Mantoux test

|

Autoimmune|

* Diabetes mellitus type 1
* Hashimoto's thyroiditis
* Multiple sclerosis
* Coeliac disease
* Giant-cell arteritis
* Postorgasmic illness syndrome
* Reactive arthritis

GVHD|

* Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease

Unknown/
multiple|

| Foreign|

* Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
* Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
* Transplant rejection
* Latex allergy (I+IV)

|

Autoimmune|

* Sjögren syndrome
* Autoimmune hepatitis
* Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
* APS1
* APS2
* Autoimmune adrenalitis
* Systemic autoimmune disease

* v
* t
* e

Food science

General|

* Allergy
* Engineering
* Microbiology
* Nutrition
* Diet
* clinical
* Processing
* Processing aids
* Quality
* Sensory analysis
* Discrimination testing
* Rheology
* Storage
* Technology

* v
* t
* e

Food chemistry

* Additives
* Carbohydrates
* Coloring
* Enzymes
* Essential fatty acids
* Flavors
* Fortification
* Lipids
* "Minerals" (Chemical elements)
* Proteins
* Vitamins
* Water

* v
* t
* e

Food preservation

* Biopreservation
* Canning
* Cold chain
* Curing
* Drying
* Fermentation
* Freeze-drying
* Freezing
* Hurdle technology
* Irradiation
* Jamming
* Jellying
* Jugging
* Modified atmosphere
* Pascalization
* Pickling
* Potting
* Confit
* Potjevleesch
* Salting
* Smoking
* Sugaring
* Tyndallization
* Vacuum packing

*   * Category: Food preservation

Food industry|

* Manufacturing
* Packaging
* Marketing
* Foodservice
* Fortification

* v
* t
* e

Food safety

Adulterants, food contaminants|

* 3-MCPD
* Aldicarb
* Cyanide
* Formaldehyde
* Lead poisoning
* Melamine
* Mercury in fish
* Sudan I

Flavorings|

* Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
* Salt
* Sugar
* High-fructose corn syrup

Microorganisms|

* Botulism
* Campylobacter jejuni
* Clostridium perfringens
* Escherichia coli O104:H4
* H7
* Hepatitis A
* Hepatitis E
* Listeria
* Norovirus
* Rotavirus
* Salmonella

Parasitic infections through food|

* Amoebiasis
* Anisakiasis
* Cryptosporidiosis
* Cyclosporiasis
* Diphyllobothriasis
* Enterobiasis
* Fasciolopsiasis
* Fasciolosis
* Giardiasis
* Gnathostomiasis
* Paragonimiasis
* Toxoplasmosis
* Trichinosis
* Trichuriasis

Pesticides|

* Chlorpyrifos
* DDT
* Lindane
* Malathion
* Methamidophos

Preservatives|

* Benzoic acid
* Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
* Sodium benzoate

Sugar substitutes|

* Acesulfame potassium
* Aspartame
* Saccharin
* Sodium cyclamate
* Sorbitol
* Sucralose

Toxins, poisons, environment pollution|

* Aflatoxin
* Arsenic contamination of groundwater
* Benzene in soft drinks
* Bisphenol A
* Dieldrin
* Diethylstilbestrol
* Dioxin
* Mycotoxins
* Nonylphenol
* Shellfish poisoning

Food contamination incidents|

* Devon colic
* Swill milk scandal
* Esing Bakery incident
* 1858 Bradford sweets poisoning
* 1900 English beer poisoning
* Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident
* Minamata disease
* 1971 Iraq poison grain disaster
* Toxic oil syndrome
* 1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak
* 1996 Odwalla E. coli outbreak
* 2006 North American E. coli outbreaks
* ICA meat repackaging controversy
* 2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak
* 2008 Chinese milk scandal
* 2008 Irish pork crisis
* 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak
* 2011 Germany E. coli outbreak
* 2011 United States listeriosis outbreak
* 2013 Bihar school meal poisoning
* 2013 horse meat scandal
* 2017 Brazil weak meat scandal
* 2017–18 South African listeriosis outbreak
* 2018 Australian rockmelon listeriosis outbreak
* 2018 Australian strawberry contamination
* Food safety incidents in China
* Food safety incidents in Taiwan
* Food safety in Australia
* Foodborne illness
* outbreaks
* death toll
* United States

Regulation, standards, watchdogs|

* Acceptable daily intake
* E number
* Food labeling regulations
* Food libel laws
* International Food Safety Network
* ISO 22000
* Quality Assurance International

Institutions|

* Centre for Food Safety
* European Food Safety Authority
* Institute for Food Safety and Health
* International Food Safety Network
* Ministry of Food and Drug Safety

* v
* t
* e

Artificial foods

Artificial fat substitutes|

* Olestra
* Trans fat

Artificial protein substitutes|

* Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein

Artificial sugar substitutes|

* Acesulfame potassium
* Alitame
* Aspartame
* Aspartame-acesulfame salt
* Dulcin
* Glucin
* Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates
* Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
* Neotame
* NutraSweet
* Nutrinova
* Saccharin
* Sodium cyclamate
* Sucralose

Natural food substitutes|

* Cheese analogues
* Coffee substitutes
* Egg substitutes
* Meat analogues
* bacon
* list
* Milk substitutes
* Phyllodulcin
* Salt substitutes

Brands|

* Tang

Food politics|

* Food power
* Food security
* Famine
* Malnutrition
* Overnutrition

Institutions|

* International Association for Food Protection
* Food and Drug Administration
* Food and Agriculture Organization
* National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
* National Food and Drug Authority

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