List of medical abbreviations

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Abbreviations are used very frequently in medicine. They boost efficiency as long as they are used intelligently. The advantages of brevity should be weighed against the possibilities of obfuscation (making the communication harder for others to understand) and ambiguity (having more than one possible interpretation). Certain medical abbreviations are avoided to prevent mistakes, according to best practices (and in some cases regulatory requirements); these are flagged in the list of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions.

## Contents

* 1 Orthographic styling
* 1.1 Periods (stops)
* 1.2 Plurals
* 1.3 Possessives
* 1.4 Arrows
* 2 Pronunciation
* 3 Some common medical abbreviations
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Orthographic styling

### Periods (stops)

Periods (stops) are often used in styling abbreviations. Prevalent practice in medicine today is often to forgo them as unnecessary.

* Example:
* Less common: The diagnosis was C.O.P.D.
[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]
* More common: The diagnosis was COPD [1]

### Plurals

The prevalent way to represent plurals for medical acronyms and initialisms is simply to affix a lowercase s (no apostrophe).

* Example: one OCP, two OCPs [oral contraceptive pills]. [2]

### Possessives

Possessive forms are not often needed, but can be formed using apostrophe + s. Often the writer can also recast the sentence to avoid it.

* Example:
* BP's effect on risk of MI is multifaceted.
* The effect of BP on MI risk is multifaceted.

### Arrows

Arrows may be used to indicate numerous conditions including elevation (↑), diminution (↓), and causation (→, ←).[3]

## Pronunciation

Pronunciation follows convention outside the medical field, in which acronyms are generally pronounced as if they were a word (JAMA, SIDS), initialisms are generally pronounced as individual letters (DNA, SSRI), and abbreviations generally use the expansion (soln. = "solution", sup. = "superior"). Abbreviations of weights and measures are pronounced using the expansion of the unit (mg = "milligram") and chemical symbols using the chemical expansion (NaCl = "sodium chloride").

Some initialisms deriving from Latin may be pronounced either as letters (qid = "cue eye dee") or using the English expansion (qid = "four times a day").[citation needed]

## Some common medical abbreviations

Notation conventions

* This series of lists omits periods from acronyms and initialisms.
* It uses periods for certain abbreviations that traditionally often have them (mostly older Latin/Neo-Latin abbreviations). For example, both bid and b.i.d. may be found in the list.
* It generally uses the singular form of an abbreviation (not the plural) as the headword.
* This list uses significant capitalization for headwords (the abbreviations) and their expansions. [4]

Abb  | Full name  | Other

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ABG  | arterial blood gas  |
ACE  | angiotensin-converting enzyme  |
ACTH  | adrenocorticotropic hormone  |
AFVSS  | Afebrile, vital signs stable[5] |
ADH  | antidiuretic hormone  |
AED  | automated external defibrillator  |
AIDS  | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome  |
ALP  | alkaline phosphatase  |
ALT  | alanine aminotransferase | old version is SGPT
ASA  | acetylsalicylic acid  | aspirin
AST  | aspartate aminotransferase | old version is SGOT
ATP  | adenosine triphosphate  |
BCG  | bacille Calmette-Guérin  |
bd, bid  | 2 times a day  |
BIBA  | brought in by ambulance  |
BIBP, BIBPD  | brought in by police  |
BLS  | basic life support  |
BMR  | basal metabolic rate  |
BP  | blood pressure  |
BPAD  | bipolar affective disorder  |
BPD  | borderline personality disorder  | Often incorrectly used for bipolar disorder (BPAD is preferred)
BSA  | body surface area  |
BR  | bedside rounds  |
BUN  | blood urea nitrogen  |
C  | Celsius; centigrade; complement  |
Ca  | calcium  |
CAMP, cAMP  | cyclic adenosine monophosphate  |
CBC  | complete blood count  |
CDC  | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  |
cGy  | centigray  |
Ci  | curie  |
CK  | creatine kinase  |
Cl  | chloride; chlorine  |
cm  | centimeter(s)/centimetre(s)  |
CNS  | central nervous system  |
CO2  | carbon dioxide  |
COPD  | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  |
CPK  | creatine phosphokinase  |
CPK-MB  | creatine phosphokinase muscle bandisoenzyme  |
CPR  | cardiopulmonary resuscitation  |
CSF  | cerebrospinal fluid  |
CT  | computed tomography  |
Cu  | cubic  |
D & C  | dilation and curettage  |
dL  | deciliter(s)/decilitre(s)  | 1 dL = 100 mL
DNA  | deoxyribonucleic acid  |
DTP  | diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis(toxoids/vaccine)  |
D/W  | dextrose in water  |
ECF  | extracellular fluid  |
ECG  | electrocardiogram  |
EEG  | electroencephalogram  |
EGD  | esophagogastroduodenoscopy  |
ENT  | ear nose and throat  |
ERCP  | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography  |
ESR  | erythrocyte sedimentation rate  |
F  | Fahrenheit  |
FDA  | U.S. Food and Drug Administration  |
Ft  | foot; feet  | measure unit
FUO  | fever of unknown origin  |
G, g  | gram(s)  |
GFR  | glomerular filtration rate  |
GI  | gastrointestinal  |
GVHD  | graft-versus-host disease  |
G6PD  | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase  |
GU  | genitourinary  |
Gy  | gray  |
H, h, hr  | hour(s)  | '/24' is generally used in some regions.
Hb  | hemoglobin  |
HCl  | hydrochloric acid; hydrochloride  |
HCO3  | bicarbonate  |
Hct  | hematocrit  |
Hg  | mercury  |
HIPAA | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act  |
HIV  | human immunodeficiency virus  |
HLA  | human leukocyte antigen  |
HMG-CoA  | hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A  |
hs  | at bedtime |
Hz  | hertz | cycles/second unit
ICF  | intracellular fluid  |
ICU  | intensive care unit  |
IgA  | etc. immunoglobulin A  |
IL  | interleukin  |
IM  | intramuscular(ly)  |
INR  | international normalized ratio  |
IPPB  | intermittent positive pressure breathing  |
IU  | international unit  |
IV  | intravenous(ly)  |
IVU  | intravenous urography  |
K  | potassium  |
kcal  | kilocalorie(s)  | mean food calorie
kg  | kilogram(s)  |
L  | liter(s)/litre(s)  |
lb  | pound(s)  |
LDH  | lactic dehydrogenase  |
LDLc  | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol  |
M  | molar  |
m  | meter(s)/metre(s)  |
mane  | in the morning  |
mc  | micro-  | required in some regions to avoid the confusion of 'μ' with 'm' ('milli-').
MCH  | mean corpuscular hemoglobin  |
MCHC  | mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration  |
mCi  | millicurie  |
MCV  | mean corpuscular volume  |
mEq  | Milliequivalent  |
midi  | midday
Mg  | magnesium  |
mg  | milligram(s)  |
MI  | myocardial infarction  |
MIC  | minimum inhibitory concentration  |
min(s)  | minute(s)  | '/60' is used in some regions.
mIU  | milli-international unit  |
milliliter(s)/millilitre(s)  |
mm  | millimeter(s)/millimetre(s)  |
mmol  | millimole(s)  |
mo  | month  | '/12' is used in some regions.
mol  | wt molecular weight  |
mOsm  | milliosmole(s)  |
MRI  | magnetic resonance imaging  |
N  | nitrogen; normal  | unit to measure strength of solution
Na  | sodium  |
NaCl  | sodium chloride  |
NAEON  | no adverse events overnight[6] |
ng  | nanogram  | billionth of a gram; also known as millimicrogram
nm  | nanometer  | billionth of a meter; also known as millimicron
nmol  | nanomole  |
nocte  | at night  |
Npo  | nothing by mouth/nil by mouth  |
NSAID  | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug  |
O2  | oxygen  |
OTC  | over-the-counter | pharmaceuticals
oz  | ounce(s)  |
P  | phosphorus; pressure  |
PAco2  | alveolar carbon dioxide partial pressure  |
Paco2  | arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure  |
PAo2  | alveolar oxygen partial pressure  |
Pao2  | arterial oxygen partial pressure  |
PAS  | periodic acid-Schiff  |
Pco2  | carbon dioxide partial pressure  | or tension
PCR  | polymerase chain reaction  |
PET  | positron emission tomography  |
pg  | picogram(s)  | micromicrogram
pH  | hydrogen ion concentration  |
PMN  | polymorphonuclear leukocyte  |
po  | orally  |
Po2  | oxygen partial pressure | or tension
PPD  | purified protein derivative | tuberculin
ppm  | parts per million  |
prn  | as needed  | from the Latin pro re nata
PT  | prothrombin time  |
PTT  | partial thromboplastin time  |
q  | every  |
qid  | 4 times a day  |
qn  | every night  | From the Latin term quaque nocte
RA  | rheumatoid arthritis  |
RBC  | red blood cell  |
RNA  | ribonucleic acid  |
Sao2  | arterial oxygen saturation  |
SBE  | subacute bacterial endocarditis  |
sc  | subcutaneous(ly)  |
s/e  | side-effect(s)  |
SI  | International System of Units  |
SIDS  | sudden infant death syndrome  |
SLE  | systemic lupus erythematosus  |
soln  | solution  |
sp  | species  | singular
spp  | species | plural
sp gr  | specific gravity  |
sq  | square  |
SSRI  | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor  |
STS  | serologic test(s) for syphilis  |
T&A  | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy  |
TB  | tuberculosis  |
tds  | 3 times a day  | tid preferred in some regions
TIBC  | total iron-binding capacity  |
tid  | 3 times a day  | tds preferred in some regions
TPN  | total parenteral nutrition  |
URI  | upper respiratory infection  |
URTI  | upper respiratory tract infection  |
UTI  | urinary tract infection  |
WBC  | white blood cell  |
WHO  | World Health Organization  |
WR  | ward round  |
wt  | weight  |
μ  | micro-; micron  |
μCi  | microcurie  |
μg  | microgram(s)  |
μL  | microliter(s)/microlitre(s)  |
μm  | micrometer(s)/micrometre(s)  | also referred to as microns
μmol  | micromole(s)  |
μOsm  | micro-osmole(s)  |
mμ  | millimicron(s)  | also referred to as nanometers/nanometres

## See also

* List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions
* List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes
* Medical dictionary
* Medical slang
* Abbreviation#Style conventions in English
* Acronym and initialism#Orthographic styling

## References

1. ↑ Vera Pyle’s Current Medical Terminology, 11th Ed., Health Professions Institute, Modesto, California, 2007, p. 174
2. ↑ The AAMT Book of Style for Medical Transcription, 2nd Ed., Peg Hughes, CMT, American Association for Medical Transcription, ISBN 0-935229-38-8, copyright 2002
3. ↑ "Stedman's Online | Reference". http://stedmansonline.com/webFiles/Dict-Stedmans28/APP10.pdf.
4. ↑ The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, 28th Ed., page xi, Merck Research Laboratories, Whitehouse Station, NJ, 2006
5. ↑ "Abbreviations.com". https://www.abbreviations.com/term/1394390.
6. ↑ "AllAcronyms". January 22, 2021. https://www.allacronyms.com/NAEON/medical.

* Movshovitz-Attias, Dana; Cohen, William W. (2012). Alignment-HMM-based Extraction of Abbreviations from Biomedical Text. Montreal, Canada: NAACL. [1].
* Davis, Neil M. (2014). Medical Abbreviations: 32,000 Conveniences at the Expense of Communication and Safety (15th ed.). Warminster, PA, USA: Neil M Davis Associates. ISBN 978-0-931431-15-9. Available online (by subscription) at MedAbbrev.com.
* Jablonski, Stanley (2008). Jablonski's Dictionary of Medical Acronyms and Abbreviations with CD-ROM (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4160-5899-1.
* Sloane, Sheila B. (1997). Medical Abbreviations & Eponyms (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 978-0-7216-7088-1. https://archive.org/details/medicalabbreviat00sloa.

## External links

* Biggest Collection of Medical Abbreviations
* Glossary of Medical Terms - Tufts University
* Medical Abbreviations EN English Medical Abbreviations for Android
* JD.MD, Inc. online Medical & Dental Abbreviations Glossary
* Acronyms for Medical & Dental professional organizations
* Medical Abbreviations for iPhone
* Medical abbreviations on mediLexicon
* Medical acronyms and abbreviations on allacronyms.com
* Over 20,000 medical abbreviations sorted into specialist categories
* Medical abbreviations in various categories such as Physiology, Oncology, Laboratory and more

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