List of seasonal influenza vaccines

Short description: None

Influenza (Flu)

Types

* Avian
* A/H5N1 subtype
* Canine
* Equine
* Swine
* A/H1N1 subtype

Vaccines

* 2009 pandemic
* Pandemrix
* Live attenuated
* Seasonal flu vaccine brands

Treatment

* Amantadine
* Laninamivir
* Oseltamivir
* Peramivir
* Rimantadine
* Umifenovir
* Vitamin D
* Zanamivir

Pandemics

* 1918 Spanish flu
* 1957 Asian flu
* 1968–1969 Hong Kong flu
* 2009 swine flu

Outbreaks

* 1976 swine flu
* 2006 H5N1 India
* 2007 Australian equine
* 2007 Bernard Matthews H5N1
* 2008 West Bengal
* 2015 United States H5N2 outbreak

See also

* Flu season
* Influenza evolution
* Influenza research
* Influenza-like illness
* Vaccine reformulations

* v
* t
* e

Seasonal influenza vaccine brands include Fluzone/Fluzone Quadrivalent[1] and Vaxigrip/VaxigripTetra,[2] Influvac and Optaflu.

## Contents

* 1 AstraZeneca
* 2 GlaxoSmithKline
* 3 Mylan/Viatris
* 4 Novartis
* 5 Sanofi-Aventis
* 6 Sanofi Pasteur
* 6.1 Fluzone
* 6.1.1 Dosage and storage
* 6.1.2 Adverse effects
* 6.1.3 High-dose vaccine
* 6.2 Vaxigrip/Vaxigrip Tetra
* 6.3 Flublok/Flublok Quadrivalent
* 6.4 Supemtek/Supemtek Tetra
* 7 Seqirus
* 8 See also
* 9 References
* 10 External links

## AstraZeneca

Fluenz, Flumist and their quadrivalent formulations are nasal attenuated vaccines by AstraZeneca.

* Fluenz[3]
* Fluenz Tetra[4]
* Flumist[5]
* Flumist Quadrivalent[6]

## GlaxoSmithKline

Fluarix, Flulaval and their quadrivalent formulations are split virus inactivated vaccines by GlaxoSmithKline.[7]

* Fluarix
* Flulaval
* Fluarix Tetra[8]

## Mylan/Viatris

Influvac and its quadrivalent formulation are surface antigen subunit vaccines marketed by Mylan.

* Influvac
* Influvac Tetra[8]

They contain inactivated purified surface fragments (subunits) from the three different strains of the influenza virus (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and Influenza B virus) that are selected and distributed by the World Health Organization, on the basis of their latest recommendations. Previously, they were produced and marketed by Abbott Laboratories[9]

In February 2010, Abbott acquired the vaccines subunit from Solvay Pharmaceuticals included in its $6.2 billion purchase[10] and the subunit influenza vaccine — Influvac has been commercially available on the market since the early nineteen-eighties.[9] With the acquisition of Solvay, Abbott retained access to the Eastern European, Middle Eastern & Latin American markets. Approximately $850 million of sales revenue from vaccines was reported by Solvay Pharmaceuticals in 2009.[10]

In February 2015, Mylan Laboratories completed the deal with Abbott to purchase Abbott's generic drugs business in developed markets, which includes Influvac.[11][12]

In some countries, Influvac is marketed by Viatris after Upjohn merged with Mylan to create Viatris.[13][14]

## Novartis

* Optaflu was a trivalent surface antigen inactivated vaccine, the first flu vaccine made in mammalian cell cultures rather than chicken eggs, manufactured by Novartis.

In April 2007, Novartis received a positive opinion supporting European Union approval of Optaflu.[15] In 2014, Novartis' flu vaccine unit was sold to CSL Limited, and placed under CSL subsidiary, bioCSL (Seqirus) as marketing authorization holder.[16] In 2017, bioCSL decided to discontinue the usage of the Optaflu brand for commercial reasons.[17][18]

## Sanofi-Aventis

Vaxigrip Tetra and Fluquadri are quadrivalent split virus inactivated vaccines by Sanofi-Aventis.

* Vaxigrip Tetra[8]
* Fluquadri[8]

## Sanofi Pasteur

Sanofi Pasteur produces the following vaccines:

* Fluzone[1]
* Vaxigrip/Vaxigrip Tetra[2]
* Flublok[19]

* Supemtek/Supemtek Tetra

### Fluzone

A 5cc vial of Fluzone

Fluzone and its quadrivalent formulation are split virus inactivated vaccines distributed by Sanofi Pasteur mainly in the United States.

#### Dosage and storage

Fluzone is typically administered in a single dose by intramuscular injection;[20] an intradermal injection is also available.[21] It is presented as a 0.25 ml syringe for pediatric use, as a 0.5 ml syringe for adults and children, as a 0.5 ml vial for adults and children, and as a 5 ml vial for adults and children.[20] Fluzone must be refrigerated under temperatures from 2 to 8 °C (36 to 46 °F) and is inactivated by freezing. Fluzone was initially approved in 1980 by the FDA.[20]

#### Adverse effects

The following adverse effects have been reported:[20]

* Mild soreness, local pain and swelling at the site of the injection
* In small children and in people with no previous exposure to a flu vaccine, episodes of fever, malaise, myalgia (muscle pain)
* In people who are sensitive to egg protein, allergic reactions may ensue, such as hives, angioedema, asthma and anaphylaxis

#### High-dose vaccine

A high-dose vaccine (Fluzone High-Dose) four times the strength of standard flu vaccine was approved by the FDA in 2009.[22][23][24] This vaccine is intended for people 65 and over, who typically have weakened immune response due to normal aging. The vaccine produces a greater immune response than standard vaccine. According to the CDC,[1] "a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine[25] [in August, 2014] indicated that the high-dose vaccine was 24.2% more effective in preventing flu in adults 65 years of age and older relative to a standard-dose vaccine." The CDC recommends the high-dose vaccine for people 65 and over but expresses no preference between it and standard vaccine. Further studies were underway as of 2014[update].

### Vaxigrip/Vaxigrip Tetra

Vaxigrip and its quadrivalent formulation Vaxigrip Tetra are split virus inactivated vaccines made by Sanofi Pasteur in Europe.[2][26] Vaxigrip provides immune responses to three influenza strains and VaxigripTetra adds another B strain. VaxigripTetra was approved in Europe in 2016 except for infants younger than three years old.[2]

### Flublok/Flublok Quadrivalent

Flublok and its quadrivalent formulation are recombinant subunit vaccines prepared in cell cultures. Recombinant influenza vaccines are produced using recombinant virus technology. This method does not require an egg-grown vaccine virus and does not use chicken eggs in the production process.[27][28][19] The DNA for the hemagglutinin antigen of influenza virus is added to a baculovirus. This recombinant virus is then used to infect cultured insect cells (of the moth Spodoptera frugiperda), which subsequently produce the hemagglutinin protein. The protein is harvested and purified. This is done for four different types of influenza hemagglutinin to create the Flublok Quadrivalent vaccine.[29]

### Supemtek/Supemtek Tetra

Supemtek is a trivalent vaccine.[30]

Supemtek Tetra is a quadrivalent vaccine.[31]

## Seqirus

Afluria and its quadrivalent formulation are a split virus inactivated vaccines. Fluad and its quadrivalent formulations are adjuvanted surface antigen inactivated vaccines. Flucelvax and its quadrivalent formulations are surface antigen inactivated vaccines prepared in cell cultures.

Novartis developed the first influenza vaccine, which did not need to be grown in chicken eggs, a cell-based vaccine.[32] In 2014, CSL Limited obtained Novartis' flu vaccine unit, and transferred it to CSL Subsidiary, bioCSL, named Seqirus.[16]

The following are list of bioCSL flu vaccine brands:[33]

* Trivalent
* Afluria, also marketed as Enzira, Fluvax, and Nilgrip in various different markets
* Agrippal, also marketed as Begripal, Fluazur, Sandovac, Agriflu, and Chiroflu in various different markets
* Fluad,[34][1][35]
* Fluad Pediatric, a pediatric vaccine
* Flucelvax[36][37]
* Quadrivalent
* Afluria Quadrivalent,[1] also marketed as Afluria Quad[8] and Afluria Tetra in various different markets
* Fluad Quad[38][8]
* Fluad Quadrivalent[39]
* Fluad Tetra[40]
* Flucelvax Quad[41][8]
* Flucelvax Quadrivalent[1]
* Flucelvax Tetra[42]

## See also

* H5N1 vaccine
* Historical annual reformulations of the influenza vaccine
* Pandemrix, a historic H1N1 pandemic flu vaccine

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Influenza vaccines — United States, 2019–20 influenza season*". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 22 August 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccines.htm.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (VaxigripTetra)". Expert Review of Vaccines 17 (1): 1–11. 27 November 2017. doi:10.1080/14760584.2018.1407650. PMID 29157068. https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/5633911.
3. ↑ "Fluenz EPAR". 17 December 2013. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/fluenz-tetra.
4. ↑ "Fluenz Tetra EPAR". 17 December 2013. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/fluenz-tetra.
5. ↑ "Flumist". 9 July 2020. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/Flumist.
6. ↑ "Flumist Quadrivalent". 9 July 2020. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/Flumist-quadrivalent.
7. ↑ "GSK ships 2019-20 seasonal influenza vaccines for US market". 15 July 2019. https://us.gsk.com/en-us/media/press-releases/gsk-ships-2019-20-seasonal-influenza-vaccines-for-us-market/.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 "2021 seasonal influenza vaccines". 13 April 2021. https://www.tga.gov.au/alert/2021-seasonal-influenza-vaccines.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Trivalent inactivated subunit influenza vaccine Influvac: 25-Year experience of safety and immunogenicity". Vaccine 27 (18): 2414–7. April 2009. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.008. PMID 19368782.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Abbott Halts Influvac Sale". Drug Discovery & Development. http://www.dddmag.com/news/2010/09/abbott-halts-influvac-sale.
11. ↑ Pierson, Ransdell (14 July 2014). "Mylan to buy Abbott generics, cut taxes, in $5.3 billion deal". reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mylan-abbott-idUSKBN0FJ10F20140714.
12. ↑ Tascarella, Patty (27 February 2015). "Mylan inversion deal completed". Pittsburgh Business Times. https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2015/02/27/mylan-inversion-deal-completed.html.
13. ↑ "Pfizer Completes Transaction to Combine Its Upjohn Business with Mylan". Pfizer. 16 November 2020. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201116005378/en/.
14. ↑ "Brands". 16 November 2020. https://www.viatris.com/en/products/brands.
15. ↑ "Optaflu, the Novartis cell culture-derived influenza vaccine, receives positive opinion supporting European Union regulatory approval" (Press release). Novartis. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Australia's CSL buys Novartis flu vaccine unit for $275 mln". Reuters. 27 October 2014. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-novartis-csl-influenza-idUSKBN0IF0Z720141027.
17. ↑ "Optaflu - Expiry of the marketing authorisation in the European Union". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 22 June 2017. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/public-statement/public-statement-optaflu-expiry-marketing-authorisation-european-union_en.pdf.
18. ↑ "Optaflu EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 27 June 2017. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/optaflu.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Recombinant Influenza (Flu) Vaccine". Center for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/qa_flublok-vaccine.htm.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 "Fluzone Prescribing Information" . Sanofi Pasteur. June 2012.
21. ↑ "Fluzone intradermal vaccine website". Sanofi Pasteur.
22. ↑ "FDA Approves A High Dose Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Specifically Intended for People Ages 65 and Older" (Press release). U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 23 December 2009. Archived from the original on 31 December 2009.
23. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (April 2010). "Licensure of a high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine for persons aged >or=65 years (Fluzone High-Dose) and guidance for use - United States, 2010". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 59 (16): 485–6. PMID 20431524. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5916.pdf.
24. ↑ "Fluzone High-Dose Quadrivalent". 14 November 2019. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/fluzone-high-dose-quadrivalent. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
25. ↑ "Efficacy of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccine in older adults". N. Engl. J. Med. 371 (7): 635–45. August 2014. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1315727. PMID 25119609.
26. ↑ "A trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine (Vaxigrip): summary of almost 50 years of experience and more than 1.8 billion doses distributed in over 120 countries". Expert Rev Vaccines 16 (6): 545–564. June 2017. doi:10.1080/14760584.2017.1324302. PMID 28460594.
27. ↑ "Flublok". 26 February 2018. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/flublok. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
28. ↑ "Flublok Quadrivalent". 2 August 2019. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/flublok-quadrivalent. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
29. ↑ Nolletti, Cynthia (11 July 2016). "FDA Clinical Review of Flublok Quadrivalent". https://www.fda.gov/media/129591/download.
30. ↑ "Supemtek EPAR". 30 January 2026. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/supemtek.
31. ↑ "Supemtek Tetra (previously Supemtek) EPAR". 25 November 2020. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/supemtek-tetra#overview.
32. ↑ Alice Park (30 October 2014). "This Flu Shot Is Not Like the Others". Time. https://time.com/3548419/flu-shot-flucelvax/. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
33. ↑ "CSL's product list". Seqirus. https://www.seqirus.com/products.
34. ↑ "Fluad". 8 November 2019. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/fluad. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
35. ↑ "Fluad EPAR". 17 October 2024. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/fluad.
36. ↑ "Flucelvax EPAR". 17 October 2024. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/flucelvax.
37. ↑ "Meeting highlights from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) 14-17 October 2024". 18 October 2024. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/meeting-highlights-committee-medicinal-products-human-use-chmp-14-17-october-2024.
38. ↑ "Fluad Quad Australian prescription medicine decision summary". 13 December 2019. https://www.tga.gov.au/apm-summary/fluad-quad.
39. ↑ "Fluad Quadrivalent". 21 February 2020. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/fluad-quadrivalent.
40. ↑ "Fluad Tetra EPAR". 24 March 2020. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/fluad-tetra.
41. ↑ "Flucelvax Quad". 9 September 2020. https://www.tga.gov.au/apm-summary/flucelvax-quad.
42. ↑ "Flucelvax Tetra EPAR". 24 September 2018. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/flucelvax-tetra.

## External links

* "Types of seasonal influenza vaccine". 19 December 2017. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/seasonal-influenza/prevention-and-control/vaccines/types-of-seasonal-influenza-vaccine.
* "Different Types of Flu Vaccines". 14 March 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-types/.
* "Seasonal Flu Shot". 12 March 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines/.
* ﻿List of nationally authorised medicinal products Active substance: influenza vaccine (surface antigen, inactivated)﻿ (Report). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/psusa/influenza-vaccine-surface-antigen-inactivated-list-nationally-authorised-medicinal-products-psusa/00001744/202003_en.pdf.
* ﻿List of nationally authorised medicinal products Active substance: influenza vaccine (surface antigen, inactivated, adjuvanted)﻿ (Report). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/psusa/influenza-vaccine-surface-antigen-inactivated-adjuvanted-list-nationally-authorised-medicinal/00010300/202003_en.pdf.
* ﻿List of nationally authorised medicinal products Active substance: influenza vaccine (split virion, inactivated) (non centrally authorised products)﻿ (Report). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/psusa/influenza-vaccine-split-virion-inactivated-non-centrally-authorised-products-list-nationally/00010298/202003_en.pdf.

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