List of seasonal influenza vaccines

Short description: None

Influenza (Flu)

Types

* Avian
* A/H5N1 subtype
* Canine
* Equine
* Swine
* A/H1N1 subtype

Vaccines

* 2009 pandemic
* Pandemrix
* Live attenuated
* Seasonal flu vaccine brands

Treatment

* Amantadine
* Laninamivir
* Oseltamivir
* Peramivir
* Rimantadine
* Umifenovir
* Vitamin D
* Zanamivir

Pandemics

* 1918 Spanish flu
* 1957 Asian flu
* 1968–1969 Hong Kong flu
* 2009 swine flu

Outbreaks

* 1976 swine flu
* 2006 H5N1 India
* 2007 Australian equine
* 2007 Bernard Matthews H5N1
* 2008 West Bengal
* 2015 United States H5N2 outbreak

See also

* Flu season
* Influenza evolution
* Influenza research
* Influenza-like illness
* Vaccine reformulations

* v
* t
* e

Seasonal influenza vaccine brands include Fluzone/Fluzone Quadrivalent[1] and Vaxigrip/VaxigripTetra,[2] Influvac and Optaflu.

## Contents

* 1 AstraZeneca
* 2 GlaxoSmithKline
* 3 Mylan
* 4 Novartis
* 5 Sanofi-Aventis
* 6 Sanofi Pasteur
* 6.1 Fluzone
* 6.1.1 Dosage and storage
* 6.1.2 Adverse effects
* 6.1.3 High-dose vaccine
* 7 Seqirus
* 8 See also
* 9 References
* 10 External links

## AstraZeneca

Fluenz, FluMist and their quadrivalent formulations are nasal attenuated vaccines by AstraZeneca.

* Fluenz[3]
* Fluenz Tetra[4]
* FluMist[5]
* FluMist Quadrivalent[6]

## GlaxoSmithKline

Fluarix, Flulaval and their quadrivalent formulations are split virus inactivated vaccines by GlaxoSmithKline.[7]

* Fluarix
* Flulaval
* Fluarix Tetra[8]

## Mylan

Influvac and its quadrivalent formulation are surface antigen subunit vaccines marketed by Mylan.

* Influvac
* Influvac Tetra[8]

They contain inactivated purified surface fragments (subunits) from the three different strains of the influenza virus (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and Influenza B virus) that are selected and distributed by the World Health Organization, on the basis of their latest recommendations. Previously, they were produced and marketed by Abbott Laboratories[9]

In February 2010, Abbott acquired the vaccines subunit from Solvay Pharmaceuticals included in its $6.2 billion purchase[10] and the subunit influenza vaccine — Influvac has been commercially available on the market since the early nineteen-eighties.[9] With the acquisition of Solvay, Abbott retained access to the Eastern European, Middle Eastern & Latin American markets. Approximately $850 million of sales revenue from vaccines was reported by Solvay Pharmaceuticals in 2009.[10]

In February 2015, Mylan Laboratories completed the deal with Abbott to purchase Abbott's generic drugs business in developed markets, which includes Influvac.[11][12]

## Novartis

Optaflu is a trivalent surface antigen inactivated vaccine prepared in cell cultures manufactured by Novartis.

On April 27, 2007, Novartis received a positive opinion supporting European Union approval of Optaflu. It is the first influenza vaccine made in a mammalian cell line, rather than chicken eggs.[13] The plan was to manufacture the vaccine in Holly Springs, North Carolina. The United States government provided $500 million in construction costs and guaranteed vaccine purchases.[14]

Novartis' flu vaccine unit was sold to CSL Limited in 2014, and was placed under CSL subsidiary, bioCSL (Seqirus).[15] bioCSL as marketing authorization holder decided to discontinue the usage of Optaflu brand in 2017 due to commercial reasons[16]

## Sanofi-Aventis

Vaxigrip Tetra and Fluquadri are quadrivalent split virus inactivated vaccines by Sanofi-Aventis.

* Vaxigrip Tetra[8]
* Fluquadri[8]

## Sanofi Pasteur

Sanofi Pasteur produces the following vaccines:

* Fluzone[1]
* Vaxigrip/Vaxigrip Tetra[2]
* Flublok[17]

### Fluzone

A 5cc vial of Fluzone

Fluzone and its quadrivalent formulation are split virus inactivated vaccines distributed by Sanofi Pasteur mainly in the United States.

#### Dosage and storage

Fluzone is typically administered in a single dose by intramuscular injection;[18] an intradermal injection is also available.[19] It is presented as a 0.25 ml syringe for pediatric use, as a 0.5 ml syringe for adults and children, as a 0.5 ml vial for adults and children, and as a 5 ml vial for adults and children.[18] Fluzone must be refrigerated under temperatures from 2 to 8 °C (36 to 46 °F) and is inactivated by freezing. Fluzone was initially approved in 1980 by the FDA.[18]

#### Adverse effects

The following adverse effects have been reported:[18]

* Mild soreness, local pain and swelling at the local of the injection
* In small children and in people with no previous exposure to a flu vaccine, episodes of fever, malaise, myalgia (muscle pain)
* In people who are sensitive to egg protein, allergic reactions may ensue, such as hives, angioedema, asthma and anaphylaxis

#### High-dose vaccine

A high-dose vaccine (Fluzone High-Dose) four times the strength of standard flu vaccine was approved by the FDA in 2009.[20]Cite error: Closing `</ref>` missing for `<ref>` tag[21][17] The DNA for the hemagglutinin antigen of influenza virus is added to a baculovirus. This recombinant virus is then used to infect cultured insect cells (of the moth Spodoptera frugiperda), which subsequently produce the hemagglutinin protein. The protein is harvested and purified. This is done for four different types of influenza hemagglutinin to create the Flublok Quadrivalent vaccine.[22]

## Seqirus

Afluria and its quadrivalent formulation are a split virus inactivated vaccines. Fluad and its quadrivalent formulations are adjuvanted surface antigen inactivated vaccines. Flucelvax and its quadrivalent formulations are surface antigen inactivated vaccines prepared in cell cultures.

Novartis developed the first influenza vaccine, which did not need to be grown in chicken eggs, a cell-based vaccine.[23] In 2014, CSL Limited obtained Novartis' flu vaccine unit, and transferred it to CSL Subsidiary, bioCSL, named Seqirus.[15]

The following are list of bioCSL flu vaccine brands:[24]

* Trivalent
* Afluria, also marketed as Enzira, Fluvax, and Nilgrip in various different markets
* Agrippal, also marketed as Begripal, Fluazur, Sandovac, Agriflu, and Chiroflu in various different markets
* Fluad,[25][1] also marketed as Chiromas in Spain
* Fluad Pediatric, a pediatric vaccine
* Quadrivalent
* Afluria Quadrivalent,[1] also marketed as Afluria Quad[8] and Afluria Tetra in various different markets
* Fluad Quad[26][8]
* Fluad Quadrivalent[27]
* Fluad Tetra[28]
* Flucelvax Quad[29][8]
* Flucelvax Quadrivalent[1]
* Flucelvax Tetra[30]

## See also

* Pandemrix, a pandemic flu vaccine
* H5N1 vaccine

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Influenza vaccines — United States, 2019–20 influenza season*". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 22 August 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccines.htm.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (VaxigripTetra)". Expert Review of Vaccines 17 (1): 1–11. 2017-11-27. doi:10.1080/14760584.2018.1407650. PMID 29157068. https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/5633911.
3. ↑ "Fluenz EPAR". https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/fluenz-tetra.
4. ↑ "Fluenz Tetra EPAR". https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/fluenz-tetra.
5. ↑ "FluMist". 9 July 2020. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/flumist.
6. ↑ "FluMist Quadrivalent". 9 July 2020. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/flumist-quadrivalent.
7. ↑ "GSK ships 2019-20 seasonal influenza vaccines for US market". 15 July 2019. https://us.gsk.com/en-us/media/press-releases/gsk-ships-2019-20-seasonal-influenza-vaccines-for-us-market/.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 "2021 seasonal influenza vaccines". 13 April 2021. https://www.tga.gov.au/alert/2021-seasonal-influenza-vaccines.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Trivalent inactivated subunit influenza vaccine Influvac: 25-Year experience of safety and immunogenicity". Vaccine 27 (18): 2414–7. April 2009. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.008. PMID 19368782.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Abbott Halts Influvac Sale". Drug Discovery & Development. http://www.dddmag.com/news/2010/09/abbott-halts-influvac-sale.
11. ↑ Pierson, Ransdell (14 July 2014). "Mylan to buy Abbott generics, cut taxes, in $5.3 billion deal". reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mylan-abbott-idUSKBN0FJ10F20140714.
12. ↑ Tascarella, Patty (27 February 2015). "Mylan inversion deal completed". Pittsburgh Business Times. https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2015/02/27/mylan-inversion-deal-completed.html.
13. ↑ "Optaflu, the Novartis cell culture-derived influenza vaccine, receives positive opinion supporting European Union regulatory approval" (Press release). Novartis. Archived from the original on 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
14. ↑ Pollack, Andrew (April 28, 2009). "Swine Flu Vaccine May Be Months Away, Experts Say". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/29/business/economy/29vaccine.html. "But Novartis is building a cell culture flu vaccine factory in Holly Springs, N.C., which might be ready for use in 2010 or 2011. The federal government is providing nearly $500 million in construction costs and guaranteed vaccine purchases."
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Australia's CSL buys Novartis flu vaccine unit for $275 mln". Reuters. 27 October 2014. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-novartis-csl-influenza-idUSKBN0IF0Z720141027.
16. ↑ "Optaflu - Expiry of the marketing authorisation in the European Union". European Medicine Agency. 22 June 2017. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/public-statement/public-statement-optaflu-expiry-marketing-authorisation-european-union_en.pdf.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Recombinant Influenza (Flu) Vaccine". Center for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/qa_flublok-vaccine.htm.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 "Fluzone Prescribing Information" . Sanofi Pasteur. June 2012.
19. ↑ "Fluzone intradermal vaccine website". Sanofi Pasteur.
20. ↑ "FDA Approves A High Dose Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Specifically Intended for People Ages 65 and Older" (Press release). U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). December 23, 2009. Archived from the original on December 31, 2009.
21. ↑ "Flublok Quadrivalent". August 2, 2019. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/flublok-quadrivalent. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
22. ↑ Nolletti, Cynthia (July 11, 2016). "FDA Clinical Review of Flublok Quadrivalent". https://www.fda.gov/media/129591/download.
23. ↑ Alice Park (October 30, 2014). "This Flu Shot Is Not Like the Others" (in en). Time. https://time.com/3548419/flu-shot-flucelvax/. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
24. ↑ "CSL's product list". Seqirus. https://www.seqirus.com/products.
25. ↑ "Fluad". November 8, 2019. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/fluad. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
26. ↑ "Fluad Quad Australian prescription medicine decision summary". 13 December 2019. https://www.tga.gov.au/apm-summary/fluad-quad.
27. ↑ "Fluad Quadrivalent". 21 February 2020. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/fluad-quadrivalent.
28. ↑ "Fluad Tetra EPAR". 24 March 2020. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/fluad-tetra.
29. ↑ "Flucelvax Quad". 9 September 2020. https://www.tga.gov.au/apm-summary/flucelvax-quad.
30. ↑ "Flucelvax Tetra EPAR". 24 September 2018. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/flucelvax-tetra.

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## External links

* "Types of seasonal influenza vaccine". https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/seasonal-influenza/prevention-and-control/vaccines/types-of-seasonal-influenza-vaccine.
* "Different Types of Flu Vaccines". https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/different-flu-vaccines.htm.
* "Upcoming 2019-2020 Influenza Season". https://www.cdc.gov/flu/season/faq-flu-season-2019-2020.htm.
* "Seasonal Flu Shot". https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/flushot.htm.
* "Availability of influenza vaccines by country in EU/EEA in the 2019/20 season". https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/availability-influenza-vaccines-country-eueea-201920-season.
* ﻿List of nationally authorised medicinal products Active substance: influenza vaccine (surface antigen, inactivated)﻿ (Report). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/psusa/influenza-vaccine-surface-antigen-inactivated-list-nationally-authorised-medicinal-products-psusa/00001744/202003_en.pdf.
* ﻿List of nationally authorised medicinal products Active substance: influenza vaccine (surface antigen, inactivated, adjuvanted)﻿ (Report). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/psusa/influenza-vaccine-surface-antigen-inactivated-adjuvanted-list-nationally-authorised-medicinal/00010300/202003_en.pdf.
* ﻿List of nationally authorised medicinal products Active substance: influenza vaccine (split virion, inactivated) (non centrally authorised products)﻿ (Report). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/psusa/influenza-vaccine-split-virion-inactivated-non-centrally-authorised-products-list-nationally/00010298/202003_en.pdf.

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