Meacham syndrome

Other names| Double vagina, cardiac, pulmonary, and other genital malformations with 46,XY karyotype, Meacham Winn Culler syndrome
Specialty| Medical genetics, Pediatry
Symptoms| Affecting the lungs, kidneys, and genitalia.
Complications| Respiratory arrest
Usual onset| Birth
Duration| Not applicable
Causes| Genetic mutation
Prognosis| Poor to Medium
Frequency| Rare, only 12 cases have been reported

Meacham syndrome is a rare genetic disorder which is characterized by lung, diaphragmatic and genitourinary anomalies.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Signs and symptoms
* 2 Causes
* 3 Epidemiology
* 4 References

## Signs and symptoms

Often people with this condition are born with both underdeveloped lungs and a herniated diaphragm.

Urinary symptoms include a horseshoe kidney

Genital symptoms are different according to the biological sex of the baby, genetic males (46,XY) usually have pseudohermaphroditism, ambiguous genitalia, and perineal hypospadias. Genetic females (46,XX) often have septate uterus and duplication of the vagina. In some cases, karyotype is needed to know the biological sex of the baby.[2][3]

Additional symptoms include neoplasm, cryptorchidism, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, hernia, patent ductus arteriosus, Tetralogy of Fallot, and penile hypoplasia.[4]

## Causes

This condition is caused by an autosomal dominant missense mutation in the WT1 gene, in chromosome 11. This was found through two half-siblings reported by Suri et al.[5]

## Epidemiology

According to OMIM,[6] only 12 cases have been described in medical literature.[7][8][9][10]

## References

1. ↑ "Meacham Winn Culler syndrome - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center" (in en). https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/3432/meacham-winn-culler-syndrome.
2. ↑ "OMIM Clinical Synopsis - #608978 - Meacham Syndrome". https://omim.org/clinicalSynopsis/608978.
3. ↑ "Orphanet: Meacham syndrome" (in en). https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=en&Expert=3097.
4. ↑ "Meacham Syndrome" (in en). 2022-06-29. http://www.mendelian.co/diseases/meacham-syndrome.
5. ↑ Suri, Mohnish; Kelehan, Peter; O'neill, David; Vadeyar, Shantala; Grant, Judith; Ahmed, S. Faisal; Tolmie, John; McCann, Emma et al. (2007-10-01). "WT1 mutations in Meacham syndrome suggest a coelomic mesothelial origin of the cardiac and diaphragmatic malformations". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A 143A (19): 2312–2320. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31924. ISSN 1552-4825. PMID 17853480. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17853480/.
6. ↑ "OMIM Entry - # 608978 - Meacham Syndrome" (in en-us). https://www.omim.org/entry/608978.
7. ↑ Meacham, L. R.; Winn, K. J.; Culler, F. L.; Parks, J. S. (1991-12-15). "Double vagina, cardiac, pulmonary, and other genital malformations with 46,XY karyotype". American Journal of Medical Genetics 41 (4): 478–481. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320410420. ISSN 0148-7299. PMID 1844355. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1844355/.
8. ↑ "OMIM Entry - # 608978 - Meacham Syndrome" (in en-us). https://www.omim.org/entry/608978#4.
9. ↑ Killeen, Orla G.; Kelehan, Peter; Reardon, William (2002-01-01). "Double vagina with sex reversal, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, pulmonary and cardiac malformations--another case of Meacham syndrome". Clinical Dysmorphology 11 (1): 25–28. doi:10.1097/00019605-200201000-00005. ISSN 0962-8827. PMID 11822701. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11822701/.
10. ↑ Suri, Mohnish; Kelehan, Peter; O'neill, David; Vadeyar, Shantala; Grant, Judith; Ahmed, S. Faisal; Tolmie, John; McCann, Emma et al. (2007-10-01). "WT1 mutations in Meacham syndrome suggest a coelomic mesothelial origin of the cardiac and diaphragmatic malformations". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A 143A (19): 2312–2320. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31924. ISSN 1552-4825. PMID 17853480. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17853480/.

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